Respiratory II

Question 1

of breaths per minute

Answer 1

respiratory rate (ventilation rate)

Question 2

respiratory rate X tidal volume

Answer 2

munite ventilation L/min (LPM)

Question 3

respiratory rate is inversely related to _____ ____, but directly related to PCO2 and H+

Answer 3

arterial PO2

Question 4

primary driver of ventilation

Answer 4

blood PaCO2 & H+ concentration–strength and rate of inhalation

Question 5

CO2 easily crosses _____, reacts with H2O to form new H+ and lower _____

Answer 5

BBB–

pH

Question 6

secondary driver of ventilation

Answer 6

PaO2 concentration

Question 7

low O2 in blood (PaO2)

Answer 7

hypoxemia – low minute ventilation

Question 8

hypoxemia due to

Answer 8

hypoventilation

Question 9

volume in airways/lungs that doesn’t participate in gas exchange

Answer 9

dead space (anatomic: nose pharynx, trachea/airway)
(physiologic: anatomic + nonfunctional alveoli)

Question 10

hypoxemia w/ exercise likely due to

Answer 10

diffusion problem

Question 11

intraoperative or life support blows O2 and N into lungs (inspiratory only needed)

Answer 11

mechanical ventilation

Question 12

blood flow next to alveoli facilitating gas exchange

Answer 12

perfusion

Question 13

perfusion driven by

Answer 13

ANS and local factors

Question 14

_____ ventilation and perfusion at the _____ of lungs, due to ________

Answer 14

better–
base–
gravity (blood pools lower–less alveoli at top of lungs)

Question 15

____ alveoli ___ compliant

Answer 15

apex–

less

Question 16

V/Q =

Answer 16

ventilation/ perfusion

Question 17

______ and ______ better at bottom of lung

Answer 17

ventilation and perfusion

Question 18

____ V/Q is normal

Answer 18

.8

Question 19

inadequate ventilation =

Answer 19

V/Q<0.8

Question 20

ventilation is good (lots of O2 in the alveoli, but blood flow (perfusion) is low

Answer 20

V/Q > 0.8

ventilating dead space–

Question 21

redirection of blood flow to bypass alveoli

normal L –> R common

Answer 21

shunt

Question 22

R –> L shunt (tetralogy of Fallot)

Answer 22

septal wall defect–will get hypoxemia

Question 23

dx pulmonary disease

Answer 23

1. Chest X-ray first
2. pulmonary function tests–(full function, spirometry(( vol and flow over time)), diffusion)
3. arterial blood gasses (ABG)–blood draw during exercies

Question 24

Low O2 content in an organ

Answer 24

hypoxia

Question 25

low ventilation--inadequate to keep PCO2 from rising above normal

Answer 25

hypoventilation

Question 26

Low PO2 measured in arterial blood

Answer 26

hypoxemia

Question 27

capacities = sums of________

Answer 27

volumes

Question 28

residual volume

Answer 28

can't access it--keeps alveoli open so good

Question 29

TLC

Answer 29

total lung capacity= residual vol+Expiratory reserve vol+tidal vol+ inspiratory reserve vol slide 34

Question 30

resting breath in breath out

Answer 30

tidal volume

Question 31

tidal vol + inspiratory reserve =

Answer 31

inspiratory capacity

Question 32

memorize slide 33/34

Answer 32

*

Question 33

test that measures how fast and how much air you breath out

Answer 33

office spirometry--for dx and mgmt of asthma and COPD

Question 34

office spirometry measures f

Answer 34

1. forced vital capacity in % 2. fraction of air that expired in 1 sec (FEV1) 3. ratio of FEV1/ FVC-- measures degree of obstruction

Question 35

office spirometry graphed as

Answer 35

flow-volume curve obstruction=bowl shape (longer to exhale) restriction=missile shaped

Question 36

The air that reaches the alveoli

Answer 36

Ventilation

Question 37

The blood that reaches the alveoli

Answer 37

Perfusion

Question 38

Ratio of air and blood reaching alveoli

Answer 38

V/Q= .8 (norm)

Question 39

for spirometery: FEV/FVC= .8

Answer 39

80% of capacity can be expelled in 1 second

Question 40

normal oxyhemoglobin saturation

Answer 40

98%

Question 41

normal O2 in plasma-- unbound

Answer 41

2%

Question 42

watch O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve video -- do slides w/ slide show

Answer 42

*

Question 43

pulse-ox measures

Answer 43

% of Hemoglobin SATURATION at given time

Question 44

middle of O2-HgB dissociation curve denotes

Answer 44

O2 loading/unloading period of HgB

Question 45

HgB dissociation curve will be shifted by

Answer 45

change in affinity

Question 46

P50 used as

Answer 46

reference point

Question 47

if P50 is high

Answer 47

low O2-HgB affinity--> Right shift (hyperthermia, acidosis)

Question 48

if P50 is low

Answer 48

high O2-HgB affinity--> Left shift (hypothermia, alkalosis)

Question 49

high bound CO2-HgB

Answer 49

low O2-HgB affinity --> high P50 (Bhor)

Question 50

Mneumonic

Answer 50

Exercising Muscle is Warm, Acidic, and makes lot's of CO2

Question 51

CADET face Right

Answer 51

CO2, acid, DPG, Exercise, ^temp --> Right

Question 52

basically for HgB dissociation curve

Answer 52

relation of HgB saturation & PaO2

Question 53

heat speeds up, cold slows down

Answer 53

blood enzymes