Respiratory System Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
movement of air into and out of the lungs
A
ventilation or breathing
2
Q
exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in the lungs and the blood
A
Respiration
3
Q
Functions of Respiratory system
A
Respiration Regulation of Blood pH Voice Production Olfaction Innate Immunity
4
Q
What are the organs in Upper Respiratory Tract? ENP
A
External Nose
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
5
Q
What are the Organs in Lower Respiratory Tract? BLT
A
Bronchi
Lungs
Trachea
6
Q
Filters the Air Involved in Speech has Olfactory receptors Warms the Air Sneezing dislodges materials from \_\_\_\_\_
A
Nose
7
Q
Components of Nose? ENPCN
A
External Nose Nasal Cavity Paranasal Sinuses Conchae Nasolacrimal ducts
8
Q
composed of mainly of hyaline cartilage
A
External Nose
9
Q
openings to pharynx
A
choana
10
Q
hard palate is the roof
nares(nostrils) to choane/a
A
Nasal Cavity
11
Q
air filled spaces within the bone
open into nasal cavity
lined with mucous
A
Paranasal Sinuses
12
Q
on the each side of nasal cavity
increase the surface area of nasal caity
help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air
A
Conchae
13
Q
carry tears from eyes
open into nasal cavity
A
NAsolacrimal glands
14
Q
common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems?
A
Pharynx
15
Q
5 Parts of Pharnyx? NOLUP
A
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Uvula Pharyngeal Tonsil
16
Q
“little grape” extension of soft palate
A
Uvula
17
Q
aids in defending againts infections
A
Pharyngeal Tonsil
18
Q
where we takes in the air
A
Nasopharynx
19
Q
uvula to epiglottis
where we takes in food, drink, and air
A
Oropharnyx
20
Q
epiglottis to esophagus
where food and drink pass thru
A
Laryngopharynx
21
Q
a reflex that dislodges foreign substances from nasal cavity
A
Sneeze reflex
22
Q
AKA Voicebox
located into the anterior throat and extends to base of tongue to trachea
A
Larynx
23
Q
3 parts of Larynx? TEV
A
Thyroid Cartilage
Epiglottis
Vocal Cords/Folds
24
Q
inflammatoin of vocal cords
caused by overuse, dryair, infection
A
Laryngitis
25
source of voice production
air passes -> they vibrate = voice
force of air determine loudness
tension determines pitch
Vocal Cords
26
A flap that prevents swallowed susbstance from entering Larynx
Epiglottis
27
AKA Adam's Apple
Thyroid Cartillage
| -Large piece pf cartillage
28
T or F
smoking kills the cilia
True
29
dislodges materials from trachea
cough
30
divides into right and left primary bronchi
contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium
16-20 C shape cartillage
Trachea
31
Connects to lungs
w/ cillia
c-shape cartillage
Bronchi
32
Primary organ of respiration
```
Lungs
-cone shaped
-the base rest on the diaphgram
apex extends from CLAVICLE
MANY AIR PASSAGEWAYS
```
33
T or F
Right Lung- 3 Lobes
Left Lung - 2 Lobes
True
34
Air Flow step by step
| 8
```
Primary Bronchi
Lobar Bronchi
Segmental Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveoli Ducts
Alveoli
```
35
T or F
structures becomes increase in size and decrease in number
False
structure DECREASE in size and INCREASE in numbers
36
What are lines the lobes of the lungs?
Oblique Fissure
37
T or F
in lungs
Red is Pulmonary Artery
Blue is Pulmonary Vein
False
Red is PULMONARY VEIN
Blue is PULMONARY ARTERY
38
small air sacs
| 300MILLION in lungs that surrounded by capilliraies
Alveoli - grapes sa lungs
where gas exchange occurs
39
diseases that causes contraction of terminal bronchioles leads to REDUCED AIR FLOW
ASTHMA ATTACK
40
Formed by walls of alveoli and capilliaries
Alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles also contribute
very thin for diffusion of gases
RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE
41
T or F
Alveoli Fluid have SURFACTANT
True
42
houses the lungs
pluera
43
membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
Parietal Pluera
44
membrane that cover's the lung surface
Visceral Pleura
45
spaces around each lung
Pleural CAvity
46
AKA Breathing
| process of which the moving of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
USES DIAPHGRAM-skeletal muscles that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
47
Phases of Ventilation
Inspiration
- breathe in
- uses diaphgram & external intercostal muscles
Expiration
- breathe out
- uses diaphgram
Forceful Expiration
-uses internal intercostal muscles
48
the external intercostal muscles contracts, elevating the ribs and moving the sternum
quiet breathing
49
additional muscles contract, causing aditional expansion of thorax
Labored Breathing
50
End of Expiration:
Diaphgram _____
Relaxes
51
End of Inspiration:
Diaphgram _______
Contracts
52
T or F
when thoracic cavity volume INCREASE pressure also INCREASES
False
Pag lumaki yung thoracic cavity, magkakaroon ng less pressure
53
T or F
Air Flows from areas of high to low pressure
True
54
Thoracic Cavity Volume INCREASE
Pressure DECREASE
Diaphgram descends and rib cage expands
Inspiration
-atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
air moves into alveoli of lungs
55
Thoracic Cavity Volume DECREASE
Pressure INCREASE
Diaphgram relaxes and rib cage recoils
Expiration
- Alveolar pressure is greater that atmospheric pressure
- air moves out
56
tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size
| occurs during quit respiration
Lung Recoil
| -elastic fibrs and thin fil of fluid lining alveoli
57
a mixture of lipoproteins
| single fluid layer on the surface of thin lining alveoli
Surfactant
| -produce by secretory cells of alveoli
58
T or F
surfactant reduces tension and keeps the lung sfrom collapsing
True
59
pressure in the pleural cavity
| keeps the alveoli from collapsing
Pleural Pressure
| -less alveolar pressure
60
Factors that Influence Pulmonary Ventilation?
Lung Elasticity
Lung Compliance
Respiratory Passageway Resistance
61
Device that measure pulmonary Volumes
Spirometer
62
volume of air inspired and expired during quiet breathing
Tidal Volume
63
volume of air inspired forcefully after normal inspiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
64
volume of air that can be expired forcefullly after normal expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume
65
Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiartion
Residual Volume
| -cannot be measured by spirometer
66
maximum amout of air a person can expire after a max inspiration
Vital Capacity
IRV + ERV + TV = VC
67
formula for TLC? total lung capacity
VC + RV = TLC
68
where gas exchange between blood and air occurs
| some in respiratory bronchioles and alveolar duct
Respiratory Membrane
| -primary alveoli
69
T or F
Respiratory Membrane occurs in bronchioles, Bronchi and Trachea
False
Respiratory MEmbrane DOES NOT occur in Bronchioles, Bronchi, Trachea
70
T or F
Gas Exchange can influence the thickness of membrane, total area of membrane, and partial pressure of gases
True
Increase thickness = Decrease rate of Diffusion
71
decreases the diffusion of gases
```
Pulmonary Edema
-increase thickness of membrane
-gas exchange decrease
O2 exchange is affected before CO2
because CO2 diffuse more easily tha O2
```
72
Total Surface of Respiratory Membrane?
70 sqm (basketball court)
-could be decrease due to removal of lung tissue, destruction from cancer, emphysema
73
pressure exerted by specific gas in mixture of gases
Partial Pressure
atmospheric pressure at sea level 760mmHg
O2 partial pressure is 160mmHg
74
T or F
Uppercase P represents Partial pressure of certain gas PO2
True
75
T or F
O2 diffuses from alveoli to pulmonary Capillaries of Blood
CO2 diffuses from Capillaries to Alveoli
True
76
T or F
Oxygen Diffuses from capillaries into interstitial fluid because PO2 in interstitial fluid is lower than capillary
True
Oxygen diffuses from interstitial fluid to cell is LESS
77
Flow step by step of Carbon Dioxide and Blood pH
Co2-> Cells-> Capillaries-> Blood-> Plasma-> (combined with blood proteins, bicarbonate ions)
78
CO2 reacts with water to form ________
Carbonic Acid
Respiratory Acidosis
79
bpnugo
bi
80
Increases the rate of CO2 reacting with H2O
Carbonic Anhydrase (RBC)
81
Normal Respiratory for:
Adults
Children
12 -20 per minute - adults
| 20-40 per minute -children
82
T or F
Rhythym is controlled by neurons in the medulla oblongata
True
| rate is determine by number of times respiratory muscles are stimulated
83
T or F
Higher Brain centers allow VOLUNTARY BREATHING
-emotions and speech affects breathing
True
84
inhibits respiratory center when lungs are stretched during inspiration
Hering-Breuer Reflex
85
Receptors in Breathing?
Chemoreceptor in medulla obloongata
| -changes in blood pH
