Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
endo means
A
inside
2
Q
krinein means
A
to shift and filter (when you filter you seperate)
3
Q
what is endocrine system?
A
endocrine is the organs that secrete hormones that is release in bloodstream
4
Q
9 endocrine Glands?
A
P- ituitary A-drenals T-hyroid P-ancreas O-varies T-hymus T-Testis P-arathyroid P-ineal Gland
5
Q
Posterior part of thyroid?
A
Parathyroids
6
Q
aka master glands
A
Pituitary Gland
7
Q
2 Function of pancreas
A
endocrine - secretion inside- insulin and glucagon
exocrine- digestive enzymes
8
Q
on top of the kidneys: aka suprarenal
A
Adrenals
9
Q
absorbs the glucose
A
insulin
10
Q
release the stored glucose
A
glucagon in liver
11
Q
produces and secretes thymosin
A
thymus gland
12
Q
4 chemical messengers
A
autocrine, paracrine, neurotransmitter, endocrine
13
Q
allow cell communicate to each other
A
chemical messenger
14
Q
body fluid
ions, hormones, substances are being regulated
A
humoral regulation
15
Q
allergic
A
paracrine
16
Q
composed of endocrine glands and specialized endocrine cells located throughout the body
A
endocrine system
17
Q
T or F Hormones travels through the general blood circulation to the target tissue or effectors
A
T
18
Q
T or F Target tissue have receptors for a specific hormone
A
T
19
Q
T or F Hormones produce a particular response in the target tissues
A
T
20
Q
2 types of hormones in endocrine
A
WSH
LSH
21
Q
most common hormone contains the protein, amino acid, peptides
A
WSH
22
Q
Hormone that has steroids and eicosanoids
A
LSH
23
Q
These are examples of Hormone? Growth hormone, Antidiuretic, prolactin
A
WSH
24
Q
These are examples of Hormone? LH, FSH, Androgens
A
LSH
25
T or F - Hormone release can also be under neural control
T
26
Blood-borne chemicals can directly stimulate the release of some hormone
Humoral Stimuli - this circulates in the blood
27
action potential and neurons releases in?
Neurotransmitter and then to the Synapses
28
T or F Hormone release can't be controlled by other hormones
F- Hormone release can control by other hormones
29
3 types of stimuli that can stimulate or inhibit release?
Humoral, Neural, Hormonal Regulations
30
Stimulates Osteoclast, bone destroyer
Parathormone or Parathyroid Hormone
31
When Blood Ca++ is Low?
Parathormone is release to Osteoclast
32
T or F when Osteoclast is released the calcium in blood DECREASES
F- Blood Calcium increases because of the bone being destroyed
33
When Blood Ca++ is High?
No PTH secretion that's why Ca++ in Blood DECREASES
34
Does Posterior Pituitary gland create its own hormone?
no- but they have hormone given by the hypothalamus
35
Controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
36
Neurons in the hypothalamus releases stimulatory hormones called?
Release Hormones
37
Pathway of Hormones?
E-ndocrine
H-ormone
T-arget cell
T-arget tissue
38
near sensory nerve anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
39
T or F
companion hormones performs and opposite function
T
40
What hormone does adrenal cortex secretes?
Aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
41
Hormone released to lower the heart atria?
atrial natriuretic peptide
42
T or F thyroid hormones can control their own blood levels
T
43
2 major mechanism maintain hormone levels in the homeostatic range?
Positive and Negative Feedback
44
hormone regulation by tropic hormone action
Positive Feedback
45
Hormone secretion is inhibited by the hormone itself?
Negative Feedback
46
Tropic Hormone is released by
Anterior PG
47
receptor molecule where hormone binds
receptor site
48
Receptor site allowing only one hormone to bind to it
specificity
49
hormone that can bind to a "family" of receptors that are structurally similar
epinephrine
50
Hormones bind to nuclear receptors
Lipid Soluble Hormone
51
Hormones bind to membrane bound receptors
Water Soluble Hormone
52
small gland in brain that is controlled by the hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
53
2 regions of pituitary Gland
Anterior and the Posterior
54
Anterior Pituitary Gland secretes?
```
P-rolactin
A-drenocorticotropic
M-elanocyte Stimulating H.
G-rowth H.
G-onadotrophic H.
T-hyroid Stimulating H.
```
55
Hormones in mammary gland?
Prolactin
56
Hormones in the skin?
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
57
Hormones in the bone?
Growth Hormone
58
Hormones in the Adrenal Cortex
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
59
Hormones in the thyroid?
Thyriod stimulating Hormone
60
Hormones in the ovary and testes?
Gonadotrophic Hormone (FSH&LH)
61
Posteriors Pituitary Hormones given by the hypothalamus since it can't create it's own hormone?
O-xytocin
| A-ntidiuretic hormones
62
Hormones found in kidney?
Antidiuretic Hormone?
63
Hormones found in mammary gland and uterus smooth muscles?
Oxytocin
64
differentiation of releasing hormone to inhibiting hormone?
RH- stimulates the production of hormone
| IH- decrease the specific ap hormone
65
Target Tissue of Growth H?
most of all
| bones, muscles and organs
66
Target Tissue of TSH?
Thyroid Gland
67
Gonadotrophic Hormone:
| Promotes ovulation and progesterone production in females and Sperm production and testosterone in Male
Luteinizing Hormone
68
Gonadotrophin Hormone:
| follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in females and seminiferous tubules (testes) in male
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
69
Target Tissues mammary glands and ovaries Milk Production
Prolactin
70
Melanocyte in the skin. stimulate melanin production in melanocytes
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
71
Cells of Adrenal Cortex. stimulates production of corticosteroids
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
72
Kidneys. conserves water
Antidiuretic Hormone
73
uterus. increase uterine contractions during labor
Oxytocin
74
one of the largest gland
Thyroid gland- iodine to function
75
Thyroid Hormone secretes 2?
Thyroid Hormone and Calcitonin
76
decrease metabolism
Hypothyroidism
77
increase metabolism
Hyperthyroidism
78
target tissue: bones and kidneys
| regulates the Ca++ levels
parathyroid hormone
79
Adrenal medulla hormones?
epinephrine/norephinephrine
80
Target tissue: heart blood vessels, liver fat cells
| part of fight or flight response
Adrenal Medulla
81
Adrenal cortext hormone
aldosterone is a type of mineralocorticoids in kidneys
82
type of glucocorticoids, breakdown of fat and protein for energy reducess inflammatory
Cortisol
83
sex drives for female and secondary sexual in males
Androgens
84
mixed gland with an exocrine and endocrine
pancreas
85
secrete glucagon
these are all under the endocrine emerut
| Alpha cells
86
secrete insulin
Beta cells
87
secret somatostatin
Delta cells
88
Hormones regulates the Blood Levels
insulin and glucagon
89
liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
| regulates blood glucose AFTER MEAL
Insulin
90
reserved glucose
glycogen
91
target tissue: liver regulates blood glucose levels BEFORE MEAL
Glucagon
92
sperm and reproductive organ development and function
testosterone
93
menstrual cycle mammary gland development and uterine
estrogen and progesterone
94
immune system tissues development and function
thymosin in thymus gland
95
target tissue : hypothalamus. onset puberty and control circadian rhythms
LIGHT AFFECTS ITS FUNCTIONS
Pineal Gland: Melatonin
96
supresses action p. and it works in local areas
local anesthetsia
97
provide info about body and environment
somatic
98
taste cell has TASTE HAIRS that extend into Taste pores
TRUUE
99
Types of Tastes 5?
Sweet, Salt, Sour, Bitter, Umami
100
we can detect _____ smelss
10,000
101
5 types of receptors
```
M-echanoreceptors
C-hemoreceptors
P-hotoreceptors
T-hermoreceptors
N-ociceptors
```
102
taste buds have ______ taste cells
40
103
sensory nerve endings that responds to stimuli by developing action potentials
sensory receptors
104
loss of consciousness and chemical affect reticular formation
general anesthetsia
105
protects from sweat and shade from sun
Eyebrow
106
light touch and pressure
merkel's disk
107
sharp, pricking and cutting pain with rapid action potential
Localized pain
108
made up of epithelial cells derived from and embryonic oral cavity
anterior pituitary
109
increase metabolic rates, essential for normal process of growth and maturation
Thyroid Gland: Thyroid hormones (thyroxine, triodothyronine)
110
increase skin pigmentations, increase secretion of glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol
Adrenal Cortex: Andrenocorticotropic Hormone
111
hormones exert action by binding to proteins
receptors
112
pituitary gland is also known as
hypohysis
113
extension of brain composed of nerve cells
posterior pituitary gland
114
decrease rate of bone breakdown
calcitonin
115
Stalk that connects pituitary gland and hypothalamus
infundibulum
116
Blood levels of stimuli
Humoral stimuli
117
activates an adjacent cell
neurotransmitter
118
during infection wbc
autocrine
119
Insignificant in males: increase female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair
Adrenal androgens
120
what connects the anterior pituitary gland?
hypothalamic hypoficial Portal system
121
what connects the posterior pituitary gland?
hypothalamic hypoficila tract
122
portal system has 2
capillary network
123
to RAISE blood pressure
aldosterone
124
to LOWER blood pressure
atrial natriuretic peptide
125
T or F
H2O is 70% in human body
True
126
is it only in the surface of cell where we can find receptors?
No, it can also be found in cytoplasm and nuclei membrane
127
involves the blood/body fluid
like ions, hormones, substance are being regulated
Humoral Regulation
128
Sympathetic NS of Autonomic NS
epinephrine is involved
the flight or flight system
Neural Regulation
129
regulated by another hormone
Hormonal Regulation
130
T or F
| whatever hormone is released it will go to Blood Stream then capillary then it will bind to the receptor
True
pag walang receptor there will be no bonding gonna happen
131
T or F
Water Soluble can pass through cell membrane and binds to cytoplasm or nucleus
FALSE
Water Soluble cant pass through in Cell Membrane only Lipid Soluble
kasi yung surface ng cell membrane is made up of bilipid pag pumasok yung water irerefract niya lang
132
T or F
does female have testosterone?
True
they are called the Adrenal Cortex
133
T or F
does male have adrenal cortex?
True
although meron pero minimal lang kasi meron na silang testosterone
