Respiratory System Flashcards
(37 cards)
5 main functions of respiratory system
- Regulation of blood pH/gases
- Production of chemical mediators (e.g. Angiotensin (vasoconstrictor))
- Voice production
- Olfaction (sense of smell)
- Protection (pathogens/micro-organisms from entering the body)
2 sections of resp system
the conducting zone and respiratory zone
resp rate set point?
12-16 p/m
adult goal posts of life
<10 / >30
the conducting zone
consists of system structures adapted for air movement
gases are simply moved from the external environment to the area they can interact with blood
respiratory zone
gas exchange between inspired air and blood
how many lung lobes and their names
5
LEFT:
superior lobe
inferior lobe
RIGHT:
superior lobe
middle lobe
inferior lobe
location of pharynx
commonly called the throat, is the passageway that extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra
pharynx split into
comprised of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
location and function of larynx
specialised section of airway responsible for voice production
Situated superior to trachea and inferior to oropharynx, hyoid bone + roof of tongue. At the level of C4-6 (middle of neck)
location and function of epiglottis
The Epiglottis is a leaf shaped plate of elastic fibrocartilage situated between the tongue and superior opening of the larynx
Function - covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food/drink entering the trachea/airway/respiratory tract
location and function of vocal folds
folds of membranous tissue which project inwards from the sides of the larynx to form a slit across the glottis in the throat, and whose edges vibrate in the airstream to produce the voice
location and function of trachea
Bifurcates (divides) at T5 into x2 bronchioles
comprised of rings of cartilage, with cells that produce mucous
location and function of bronchial tree
a conducting structure that provides a passageway for air to move into and out of each lung
anatomy and function of alveoli
a small air filled chamber where external respiration occurs
:
comprised of a single layer of epithelium surrounded by capillaries
Semi-permeable membrane 0.004mm thick
Large surface area
location and function of pleura
surrounds the lungs, forms a serous (serum) membrane comprised of 2 layers
serous membrane therefore produces fluid which lubricates the two surfaces and allows them to glide freely during inspiration and expiration
function of diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle
Contracts (flattens) to increase vertical length of the thoracic cavity
Accounts for 2/3 of air movement
external respiration
The passage of atmospheric air in and out of the lungs and the exchange of respiratory gases between alveoli and the pulmonary blood capillaries
internal respiration
Transfer of gases between tissue blood capillaries and tissue cells
Gases diffuse down the concentration gradient from a high to a low concentration
simple diffusion
Dissolved substances (solutes) cross selectively (semi) permeable
membranes, establishing equal concentrations (equilibrium) on both sides.
solute move from a high concentration to a low concentration
osmosis
The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to a low water concentration
partial pressure
The partial pressure is a measure of the concentration of gas in a gaseous mixture
Amount of gas =/= partial pressure
location and function of oropharynx
descends further down airway, just below the level of the soft palette
superior to laryngopharynx
inferior to nasopharynx
serves both digestive and respiratory systems
x3 functions of medulla oblongata
Houses decussation of pyramids
Vomiting/coughing reflex
Speeds/Slows heart rate
