Skeletal System

Question 1

purpose of bone

Answer 1

protect and support vital organs

with help of muscles allow body to move

Question 2

mineralisation

Answer 2

process in which teeth and bone absorb nutrients such as:

calcium, phosphorus

occurs during childhood and adolescence

Question 3

flat bones made up of?

Answer 3

spongy bone between two layers of compact bone

Question 4

examples of flat bones

Answer 4

skull, ribs, scapula, sternum

Question 5

periosteum

Answer 5

outer surface of bone

contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 6

compact bone

Answer 6

hard, dense, bone tissue

Question 7

spongy bone

Answer 7

innermost layer, lightweight, absorbs sudden stress

Question 8

sesamoid bones

Answer 8

small round bones that are embedded within a tendon

Question 9

examples of sesamoid bones

Answer 9

patella, pisiform, hyoid bone

Question 10

how many vertebrae

Answer 10

33

Question 11

how many bones in each section of vertebrae

Answer 11

7c
12t
5l
5s
5c

Question 12

which vertebrae are fused

Answer 12

coccygeal

sacral

Question 13

joint

Answer 13

where 2 or more bones articulate/come together

Question 14

3 types of joints and what is different about them

Answer 14

fibrous (fixed)
cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
synovial (freely moveable)

Question 15

appendage

Answer 15

something attached to something more important/larger

Question 16

girdle

Answer 16

a bone structure with limbs of vertebrae attached to it

Question 17

appendicular skeleton

Answer 17

126 bones encompassing the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle

Question 18

axial skeleton

Answer 18

80 bones including the skull, laryngeal skeleton, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Forms the upright axis of the body

Question 19

function of costal notches

Answer 19

gives attachment from the sternum to the ribs

Question 20

what gives attachment to the diaphragm and muscles of the anterior abdo wall

Answer 20

xiphoid process

Question 21

describe the spinal curves

Answer 21

4

2 secondary on anterior (cervical and lumbar)

2 primary on posterior (thoracic and sacral)

Question 22

function of spinal column

Answer 22

protect the spinal cord CNS

numerous bones allow for movement

supports the skull

intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers, protecting the brain and spinal cord nerves

Question 23

fibrous joint

+ example

Answer 23

do not move

e.g. bones between the skull (coronal suture)

Question 24

synovial joints

Answer 24

enable a wide range of movement

Question 25

what are the 5 types of synovial joints

Answer 25

``` ball and socket pivot gliding hinge saddle ```

Question 26

ball and socket eg

Answer 26

shoulder/hip

Question 27

gliding eg

Answer 27

carpals/tarsals

Question 28

pivot eg

Answer 28

ulna/radius

Question 29

hinge eg

Answer 29

humerus

Question 30

saddle eg

Answer 30

metacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 31

saddle joints useful because?

Answer 31

they enable flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction

Question 32

cartilage

Answer 32

the connective tissue that covers the end of the bones to create a low friction environment and cushion the joint surface basically soft gel like padding that protect the joint

Question 33

cartilage primary function

Answer 33

allow fluid bending + straightening motions against weight bearing stresses

Question 34

ligament

Answer 34

elastic bands of tissue that provide stability and bind bone to bone

Question 35

synovial fluid

Answer 35

a thick, sticky fluid secreted by synovial membranes

Question 36

functions of synovial fluid

Answer 36

provides nutrients for structures within the joint cavity lubricant prevents bones from separating (think 2 sheets of glass stuck together with water)

Question 37

signs and symptoms of fractures

Answer 37

``` B BRUISING L LOSS OF MOVEMENT I IRREGULARITIES P PAIN D DEFORMITY U UNNATURAL MOVEMENT C CREPITUS T TENDERNESS ```

Question 38

crepitus

Answer 38

a sensation or noise when you move a joint. You may experience it as clicking, cracking, creaking, crunching, grating or popping