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respiratory system Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

nasal septum

A

the partition that divides the 2 equal cavities of the nose

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2
Q

perpendicular ethmoid

A

one bone that makes up the nasal septum

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3
Q

vomer

A

one bone that makes up the nasal septum

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4
Q

external nares

A

nostrils

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5
Q

choanae

A

internal nares that link the external nares to the nasopharynx

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6
Q

conchae bones

A

turbinate bones, they create a passageway for the air

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7
Q

meatus

A

passage created by the conchae where air flows

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8
Q

epithelium

A

lining of small cavities

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9
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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10
Q

olfaction

A

sense of smell

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11
Q

maxillary sinus

A

one of the paired paranasal sinuses located in body of maxilla

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12
Q

frontal sinus

A

one of paired irregular shaped paranasal sinuses located in the frontal bone

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13
Q

auditory

A

pert to sense of hearing

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14
Q

eustachian

A

tube connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear

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15
Q

laryngopharynx

A

where the respiratory and digestive systems diverge

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16
Q

thyroid

A

gland in the lower part of front of neck

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17
Q

cricoid

A

ring-shaped cartilage making up the lower larynx

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18
Q

arytenoid

A

vocal cord cartilage

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19
Q

bifurcates

A

divided into 2 branches

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20
Q

bifurcation

A

site where a single structure divides into 2.

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21
Q

carina

A

cartilaginous plate of the trachea

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22
Q

tertiary

A

third in order

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23
Q

alveolar ducts

A

small passages connecting the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar sacs.

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24
Q

alveoli

A

functional units of the respiratory system

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25
mediastinal space
space separating the lungs
26
mediastinum
mass of tissues and organs separating the two pleural sacs
27
lobules
division of lung lobes
28
pleura
serous membrane of the thoracic cavity
29
visceral
pleura which is adherent to the outer surface of the lung
30
parietal
pleura that lines the thoracic wall and diaphragm
31
incentive spirometry
measurement of the breathing capacity of the lungs
32
pulmonary alveoli
small outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs where gas exchange takes place
33
rales
discontinuous nonmusical sounds heard primarily during inspiration, aka crackles
34
rhonchi
continuous dry rattling sounds in throat or bronchial tube due to a partial obstruction
35
stridor
a musical sound, heard with a stethoscope on inspiration
36
auscultation
listening for sounds within the body
37
percussion
striking a part with short, sharp blows
38
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood
39
anoxia
total lack of oxygen in the blood
40
hypercapnia
abundance of carbon dioxide in the blood
41
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
chronic respiratory failure associated with various acute pulmonary injuries. characterized by pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, hypoxemia.
42
paroxysmal
sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms
43
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of a lung, a shrunken or airless lung
44
fetid
rank or bad smell
45
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
persistent airway obstructions
46
emphysema
accumulation of air in tissues or organs, especially the lungs
47
hyaline membrane disease
disorder usually affecting newborns in which the alveoli are lined by a hyaline material
48
infiltrate
material deposited in organs or cells which are not normal to it or in excessive quantities
49
pleural effusion
excess fluid in the pleural space
50
serous
clear and yellow fluid
51
sanguineous
bloody or blood-tinged fluid
52
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
53
pneumoconiosis
occupational pneumonia
54
anthracosis
common type of pneumoconiosis aka black lung
55
berylliosis
type of pneumoconiosis due to beryllium dust
56
silicosis
pneumoconiosis due to sand particles
57
consolidation
pathologic process where normally aerated lung tissue is converted into a dense, airless mass
58
Hemophilus influenzae
second most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
59
Klebsiella pneumoniae
most frequent of the gram-negative bacilli and it normally affects already compromised lungs, such as young or old patients
60
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram-negative pathogen
61
Acinetobacter
gram negative pathogen
62
Legionella pneumophila
aka Legionnaires' disease, this accounts for 1 to 8% of pneumonias, occurs at any age
63
Mycoplasma pneumonia
most common in children and young adults but is quite rare.
64
pneumothorax
free air in the pleural cavity between the visceral and parietal pleurae. can occur spontaneously or because of trauma
65
sarcoidosis
aka Boeck sarcoid, systemic disease with unknown etiology, most severe manifestation being granulomatous pneumonitis
66
granulomatous
pertaining to any small nodular aggregation of a certain kind of cells.
67
tuberculosis
chronic infection most common in lungs, although any organ may be affected. caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. active TB has great potential to destroy lung and to kill, but is asymptomatic except for not feeling well, cough, dyspnea and pleural effusion
68
Wegener's granulomatosis
uncommon disease that usually begins as a localized granulomatous inflammation of the upper or lower respiratory tract mucosa

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