muscular system

Question 1

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

skeletal (movement), smooth (internal organ lining), cardiac (heart)

Question 2

origin

Answer 2

less moveable attachment of a muscle

Question 3

insertion

Answer 3

more moveable attachment of a muscle

Question 4

tendon

Answer 4

long strand of connective tissue that is rope like, that connects muscles to bones, more in number than aponeuroses.

Question 5

aponeurosis

Answer 5

connective tissue that connects muscles to bone that is a flat tissue sheet.

Question 6

anterior

Answer 6

in front of or toward the front of a body part or organ

Question 7

coronal

Answer 7

dividing body into front and back (anterior & posterior) halves. aka frontal plane

Question 8

distal

Answer 8

far from point of attachment

Question 9

dorsal

Answer 9

back of body

Question 10

inferior

Answer 10

below or downward (caudal)

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

to the side

Question 12

medial

Answer 12

middle

Question 13

posterior

Answer 13

back side

Question 14

proximal

Answer 14

close to any point of refrence

Question 15

sagittal

Answer 15

division of body into right and left sides

Question 16

superior

Answer 16

above or directed upward

Question 17

transverse

Answer 17

crosswise section (top and bottom)

Question 18

ventral

Answer 18

position toward the belly.

Question 19

lateral pterygoid

Answer 19

muscle for chewing

Question 20

medial pterygoid

Answer 20

muscle for chewing

Question 21

risorius

Answer 21

smile muscle

Question 22

mentalis

Answer 22

chin muscle

Question 23

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 23

muscle to depress the bottom lip

Question 24

depressor anguli oris

Answer 24

muscle to pull down angle of mouth

Question 25

atony

Answer 25

lack of normal tone or strength

Question 26

atrophy

Answer 26

wasting away or weakening of muscle fibers due to lack of usage

Question 27

bursa

Answer 27

a sac like cavity filled with synovial fluid and located in places where tendons or muscles pass over bony prominences.

Question 28

bursitis

Answer 28

inflammation of a bursa

Question 29

charley horse

Answer 29

a bruised or torn muscles accompanied by cramps and severe pain.

Question 30

cramp

Answer 30

a sustained spasm or contraction of a muscle with pain

Question 31

dystonia

Answer 31

sustained abnormal postures or disruptions of normal movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone

Question 32

Dupuytren contracture

Answer 32

painless thickening and contracture of the palmar fascia due to fibrous proliferation resulting in loss of function of the fingers

Question 33

fasciculations

Answer 33

a repetitive involuntary contraction of muscle. main cause is nerve damage

Question 34

fibromyalgia

Answer 34

a rheumatic disorder characterized by achy pain, tenderness and stiffness

Question 35

myofascial pain syndrome

Answer 35

a group of rheumatic disorders caused by achy pain, tenderness and muscles stiffness

Question 36

ganglion

Answer 36

a thin-walled band cyst formed on a joint capsule or tendon sheath

Question 37

leiomyoma

Answer 37

a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue

Question 38

muscular dystrophy

Answer 38

genetic abnormality of muscle tissue characterized by dysfunction and deterioration

Question 39

myalgia

Answer 39

muscle pain

Question 40

myasthenia gravis

Answer 40

chronic progressive neuromuscular weakness, usually starting with the muscles of the face and throat

Question 41

myositis ossificans

Answer 41

disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue

Question 42

paralysis

Answer 42

the loss of nervous control of a muscle

Question 43

paraplegia

Answer 43

a paralysis of the legs

Question 44

quadriplegia

Answer 44

paralysis of all 4 limbs

Question 45

plantar fasciitis

Answer 45

excessive pulling or stretching of the calcaneal periosteum by the plantar fascia resulting in pain along the inner border of the plantar fascia.

Question 46

polymyositis

Answer 46

autoimmune disorder which causes atrophy and weakness of the muscles

Question 47

rigor mortis

Answer 47

muscular hardening occuring 4 to 7 hrs after death

Question 48

tendinitis

Answer 48

inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments due to trauma or repetitive wear.

Question 49

tennis elbow

Answer 49

aka lateral and medial epicondylitis. a strain of the lateral forearm muscles or the tendinous attachements near their origin on the epicondyle of the humerus.

Question 50

tetanus

Answer 50

disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that causes muscles to go in tetany. lockjaw

Question 51

torticollis

Answer 51

persistent contraction of a sternocleidomastoid muscle, drawing the head to one side and distorting the face.