Respiratory system

Question 1

Trachea

Answer 1

epithelium: Psuedostratified ciliated columnar
has cilia & goblet cells
passage way for air. has c-shaped rings of cartilage to keep trachea open

Question 2

Bronchi - Main Bronchi

Answer 2

Epithelium: pseudostratified cilliated columnar
has cilia and goblet cells
passage for air. contains c-shaped rings of cartilage to maintain patency

Question 3

Lungs - Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 3

Epithelium: simple cuboidal to simple squamous
no cilia or goblet cells
passage for air; gas exchange

Question 4

Lungs - Alveolar ducts

Answer 4

Epithelium: simple squamous
no cilia or goblet cells
passage for air; gas exchange; produces surfactant

Question 5

Lungs - Alveoli

Answer 5

Epithelium: simple squamous
no cilia or goblet cells
passage for air; gas exchange; produces surfactant to maintain patency

Question 6

Pharynx - Nasopharyns:

Answer 6

Epithelium: psuedostratified ciliated columnar
has cilia & goblet cells
passageway for air, contains internal nares, openings for auditory tubes, and pharyngeal tonsil

Question 7

Pharynx - Oropharyns:

Answer 7

Epithelium: Nonkeratinised stratified squamous
no cilia or goblet cells
passageway for food, drink & air

Question 8

Pharynx - Laryngopharynx

Answer 8

Epithelium: Nonkeratinised stratified squamous
no cilia or goblet cells
passageway for food, drink & air

Question 9

Larynx:

Answer 9

epithelium; nonkeratinised stratified squamous above the vocal fold; pseudostratified ciliated columnar below vocal folds.
cilia & goblet cells: yes only below folds
passage way for air; provides vocal folds for voice production

Question 10

Bronchi - lobar Bronchi

Answer 10

epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar
has cilia & goblet cells
passage way for air; has plates of cartilage to maintain patency

Question 11

Bronchi - segmental bronchi

Answer 11

epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar
has cilia & goblet cells
passage way for air; has plates of cartilage to maintain patency

Question 12

Larger Bronchioles

Answer 12

epithelium: ciliated simple columnar
has cilia & goblet cells
passage way for air; contains more smooth muscle than bronchi

Question 13

Smaller Bronchioles

Answer 13

epithelium: ciliated simple columnar
has cilia & no goblet cells
passage way for air; has more smooth muscle than larger bronchioles

Question 14

Terminal Bronchioles:

Answer 14

epithelium: nonciliated simple columnar
no cilia & goblet cells
passage way for air; has more smooth muscle than smaller bronchioles

Question 15

Inhalation:

Answer 15

gas moves from regions of high pressure to regions of low

• to inhale, pressure in lungs must be less than pressure outside
• thoracic diaphragm contract & flattens
• External intercostal muscle contracts

Question 16

Exhalation:

Answer 16

prssure within lungs must be higher than outside of body
- thoracic diaphram relaxes and rises
external intercostal muscle relax

Question 17

Inspiration: sequence of events

Answer 17

1. inspiration muscles contract
2. thoracic cavity volume increases
3. lungs are stretched & intrapulmonary volume increases
4. air flows into lungs down pressure gradient until intrapulomnary pressure = 0 (equal to atmospheric pressure)

Question 18

Exhalation: sequence of events:

Answer 18

1. inspiration muscles relax
2. thoracic cavity column decreases
3. elastic lungs recoil passively increasing intrapulmonary pressure
4. pressure rises
5. air flows out of lungs down pressure gradient until = 0