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LQB185 > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

deoxygenated blood return to the heart via the..

wrong blood goes to the right side

A

superior & inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk (wrong blood goes to the right side)

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2
Q

The pulmonary trunk…

A

branches into the left and right pulmonary artery, pumps to lungs to get oxygenated

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3
Q

oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the..

A

left and right pulmonary veins -> left artium -> left ventricle -> aorta

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4
Q

Valves:

A

open and close in response to pressure changes as the heart contract and relaxes. prevents backflow

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5
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Right: tricuspid
Left: bicuspid
(we try before we buy)

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6
Q

Semilunar valves

A

right: pulmonary valve
left: aortic valve

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7
Q

Tricuspid

A

keep blood flowing in the right direction.

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8
Q

Bicuspid

A

connects to aorta. helps the blood flow through the heart’s 4 chambers and out to the body or into the lungs.

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9
Q

pulmonary valve

A

one-way door from your heart’s right ventricle to the lungs.

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10
Q

aortic valve

A

unidirectional flow of blood out of the left ventricle, the optimising of coronary blood flow, and preservation of myocardial function.

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11
Q

Pathway of blood - right side

A

inferior & superior vena cava -> r atrium -> r ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> L & R pulmonary arteries -> L&R lobes of lungs

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12
Q

pathway of blood - left side

A

L&R lobes of lungs -> L&R pulmonary veins -> L atrium -> L ventricle -> Aorta -> Systemic circulation

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13
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

One cardiac cycle consists of the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of both atria, rapidly followed by the systole and diastole of both ventricles

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14
Q

Coronary circulation:

A

blood flow through coronary arteries delivers oxygenated blood & nutrients to the myocardium. coronary veins remove CO2 & waste from myocardium

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15
Q

ECG

A

?

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16
Q

Heart Rate

A

the number of beats per minute

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17
Q

Stroke volume

A

the volume of blood pumped out of any one ventricle in one heartbeat ~70ml

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18
Q

cardiac output

A

the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. = heart rate x stroke volume. measured in L/min

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19
Q

Arteries Structure:

A

thick walls, small lumen, thick layers of muscles and elastic fibres, no valves

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20
Q

Veins Structure:

A

thin layer of muscle fibres, large lumes, thin outer wall, valves to prevent back flow

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21
Q

Capillary Structure

A

very small & thin, semi-permeable walls

22
Q

Arteries Fuction

A

carries oxygenated blood away froom the heart (except pulmonary artery)

23
Q

Veins Function

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart (except pulmonary vein)

24
Q

capillaries Function

A

diffusion of gases & nutrients from blood to cells of the body. Slow blood flow to allow exchange.

25
why is BP higher in arteries
Heart is pumping directly to arteries. they must adjust their diameter to maintain blood pressure and to control blood flow.
26
BP of 120/80 mmHg
Blood pressure is determined by contraction of the ventricles. Average blood pressure is 120/8mmHg. Systolic (highest pressure measured when ventricles contract) of 120 and a diastolic (lowest pressure measured when ventricles are relaxed) of 80
27
short-term regulation of BP
1. vasomotor centre 2. baroreceptors 3. chemical - hormonal
28
long term regulation of BP
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
29
Negative Feedback loop decreasing BP
``` Stimulus: decreasing BP Receptors: Barorecptors Control Centre: Medulla Oblongata & Adrenal Medulla Effectors: Heart & Blod vessel Response: increased BP ```
30
Feedback Loop increasing BP
stimulus: increased BP Receptors: barorectors Control Centre: cardioinhibitory & inhibit vasomotor centres Effector: heart Response: decreased CO & BP returns to normal
31
Pulmonary circulation
deoxygenated blood goes to lungs
32
Systemic Circulation
oxygenated blood goes to entire body organ systems
33
Conduction System
? SA & VA
34
Action Potentials of Autorhythmic Cells **
1. Sodium starts to entry (reaches -40 the threshold potential) 2. Calcium enters the cell (reaches 0) 3. Potassium leaves the cell
35
Heart Sounds
S1 - AV - Lub | S2 - SV - Dub
36
Cardiac Muscle (contractile cells) Action Potentials
Starts at -90 1. Depolarisation due to sodium inside the cell become positive 2. Plateau phase due to calcium influx keeps cell depolarised 3. Repolarisation due to calcium inactivating potassium channels opening
37
three factors that regulate stroke volume
1. preload: degree of stretch of cardiac muscle before contraction 2. contracility: strength of muscle 3. afterload: pressure that must be overcome for ventricle to eject blood
38
Effects sympathetic nervous system on heart rate
increases heart rate
39
Effects of parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate
decreases heart rate
40
three layers of blood vessels
1. tunica interna/intima: innermost, incontact w blood 2. tunica media: smooth muscle & elastic fibres - can cause vasconstrition & vasodilation 3. Tunica Externa: outer layer, connective tissue
41
Blood Pressure
determined by contraction of the ventricles
42
Venus Return:
the volume of blood flowing back to the heart through the systemic veins, in response to the pressure generated by contractions of the heart's left ventricle
43
arterial blood pressure:
force exerted on the artery walls by the blood
44
Systolic Pressure
Highest pressure measured when the ventricles are contracting (avg = 120mmHg)
45
Diastolic Pressure:
Lowest pressure measured when the ventricles are completely relaxed (avg = 80mmHg)
46
Venous Blood Pressure:
low pressure system does not rise and fall with heartbeat
47
Vasoconstriction
increases BP
48
Vasodilation
decreases BP
49
Barorecptors
Pressure receptors located in carotid arteries and aortic arch, detects changes in BP which stimulates sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system to control heart rate
50
RAAS
Renin-Angiotensis-Aldosterone System The liver produces a protein (angiotensinogen), lungs produce (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)) If there is a drop in renal profusion. Cells detect this and produce Renin; renin causes conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I -> ACE -> angiotensin II

LQB185 (33 decks)

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