Respiratory system Flashcards
(25 cards)
primary functions
provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
secondary functions
sensing odors
conducting zone
moves air in/out of the lungs
respiratory zone
moves gases in/out of the blood
nose
major entrance and exit for the respiratory system
pharynx
part of throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity
larynx
helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs
trachea
(windpipe) allows the passage of air
alveolar duct
tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, opens into cluster of alveoli
alveolus
grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts
alveolar sac
cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange
boyle’s law (formula)
p1v1=p2v2
medulla oblongata
tells us to breathe
inspiration
thoracic cavity expands and external intercostal muscles contract
expiration
thoracic cavity reduces and external intercostal muscles relax
eupnea
the diaphragm and external intercostals must contract
diaphragmatic breathing
the diaphragm to contract
hyperpnea
forced breathing, inspiration and expiration both occur due to muscle contractions
atelectasis
the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed
pneumonia
a lung infection that can be caused by either viruses,fungi, protists, or bacteria
asthma
the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs
emphysema
the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floopy”
chronic bronchitis
inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced
pneumothorax
air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs
