Respiratory System

Question 1

The roof of internal nasal cavity:
_________ bones of the base of the skull

Answer 1

ethmoid and sphenoid

Question 2

The floor of internal nasal cavity - the palate
(separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below:

___ palate
* Anterior
* supported by the palatine bones
* processes of the maxillary bones

___ palate
* Posterior
* Muscular, Unsupported

Answer 2

Hard, Soft

Question 3

Three scroll-like mucosa-covered projections
* superior nasal ____
* middle nasal ____
* inferior nasal ____
greatly increase the surface area of the inside of the nose

Answer 3

conchae

Question 4

Nasal cavity is lined with two types of the mucous membrane
* ____ mucosa
* ____ mucosa

Answer 4

olfactory, respiratory

Question 5

(olfactory mucosa
or respiratory mucosa?)
rich in sensory nerve endings
* The sense of smell
* → triggers a sneeze reflex

Answer 5

respiratory mucosa

Question 6

Paranasal Sinuses
* air-filled spaces
* ____, ____, ____, and ____sinus

Answer 6

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary

Question 7

Sinusitis
* painful sinus
* result from ____
* S/S: excessive mucus production, nasal congestion
* caused by ______
* the pressure within the sinuses may no longer be the same as atmospheric
pressure → a sinus headache

Answer 7

blocked drainage, an infection or allergic reaction

Question 8

____ is commonly called throat and is funnel-shaped.

Answer 8

Pharynx

Question 9

Pharynx is divided into three regions:

Answer 9

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

Question 10

Functions of nasopharynx:

Answer 10

• only an air passageway
• During swallowing
• the soft palate and its uvula move superiorly → closing off the nasopharynx
• prevents food from entering the
  nasal cavity

Question 11

Pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids’s located:

Answer 11

posterior of nasopharynx

Question 12

____ inferiorly from the soft palate to the epiglottis

Answer 12

Oropharynx

Question 13

____ is part of the respiratory tract and alimentary tract
(both swallowed food and inhaled air pass through it)

Answer 13

Oropharynx

Question 14

The paired ____ lie in the lateral walls of mucosa, posterior to the oral
cavity

Answer 14

palatine tonsils

Question 15

_____:
* a passageway for food and air
* posterior to the larynx
* extends to the cricoid cartilage
* continuous with the esophagus posteriorly

Answer 15

Laryngopharynx

Question 16

____ also called voice box

Answer 16

Larynx

Question 17

Larynx located in the level of ___ cervical vertebra
* superiorly attaches to the hyoid bone
* Inferiorly continuous with the trachea

Answer 17

3rd-6th

Question 18

T/F
Functions of larynx:
-provide a patent airway
-epiglottis ensures that only air enters
-voice production - vocal cords

Answer 18

T

Question 19

T/F
Larynx composed of several irregular cartilages joined together by ligaments and
membranes
(all are hyaline cartilages, except for the epiglottis)

Answer 19

T

Question 20

The 3 largest cartilages of larynx:

Answer 20

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, and cricoid cartilage

Question 21

____ seen externally as the Adam’s apple (laryngeal prominence)

Answer 21

Thyroid cartilage

Question 22

Epithelium of larynx:
* Superior portion (____ epithelium)
* Below the vocal folds
___ epithelium filters dust: cilia continually move mucus away from the lungs

Answer 22

stratified, ciliated

Question 23

____:
* lies below thyroid cartilage
* ring-shaped with broad portion at the back
* Lined with ciliated epithelium

Answer 23

Cricoid cartilage

Question 24

_____
* “above the glottis”
* flexible, elastic, spoon
-shaped
* attached to the inside of the front wall of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the thyroid notch

Answer 24

Epiglottic cartilage

Question 25

Vocal Cords * _____ has a free upper border, which makes two pairs of parallel horizontal ___ running from front to back * elastic fibers, covering of mucous membrane * Appear pearly ___ because they lack blood vessels

Answer 25

Cricothyroid membrane, vocal folds, white

Question 26

___ vocal cords * the upper folds muscle fibers * do not produce sounds * help to close the glottis when we swallow ___ vocal cords * The lower folds muscle fibers * Strong but elastic connective tissue ____ * formed by the true vocal cords and the opening between them

Answer 26

False, True, Glottis

Question 27

Voice production by the glottis forming a triangular slit “ a narrow gap” in normal breathing, and vibration of __ vocal cords when air forced through the gap during ____

Answer 27

true, expiration

Question 28

____ of a sound * Contracting or relaxing of intrinsic muscles of larynx→ alter the tension on the vocal cords * ⇧ tension → ⇧ pitch (higher noted) * ⇩ tension → ⇩ pitch (lower noted)

Answer 28

Pitch (musical tone)

Question 29

____ of a sound * the force of air passing through the vocal folds during expiration * Stronger blasts of air → louder sound * Weaker movements of air → softer sound

Answer 29

Intensity (loudness)

Question 29

During puberty * a boy’s larynx enlarges * vocal folds become ____ * vibrate more slowly * voice becomes deeper

Answer 29

longer and thicker

Question 30

______: * Inflammation of the vocal folds, or, causes the vocal folds to swell * → interfering with their vibration * → changes the vocal tone, → hoarseness, or in severe cases → only a whisper

Answer 30

Laryngitis

Question 31

Trachea's base at the __th thoracic vertebra

Answer 31

5

Question 32

___: end of the trachea

Answer 32

Carina

Question 33

Trachea wall made of ____ and ____

Answer 33

involuntary muscle, fibrous tissue

Question 34

___: a procedure used to “pop out” or expel an obstructing food

Answer 34

Heimlich maneuver

Question 35

____: suffocated after choking on a piece of food that closed off their trachea

Answer 35

Tracheal obstruction

Question 36

Cardiac notch: ___________

Answer 36

a concavity molded to and accommodates the heart

Question 37

Lungs' ___ is on the mediastinal surface of each lung * through it, pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lungs

Answer 37

hilum

Question 38

___: inflammation of the bronchi

Answer 38

Bronchitis

Question 39

The finest bronchi is called ____, ___ cartilage but composed of muscular, fibrous and elastic tissue lined with cuboid epithelium

Answer 39

bronchiole, no

Question 40

___: * an infection that inflames your lungs' air sacs (alveoli) * the respiratory membranes thick with edema * alveoli contain fluid and blood cells

Answer 40

Pneumonia

Question 41

____: * A lung disease that results from damage to the walls of the alveoli in your lungs * alveolar membranes break down * neighboring alveoli join to form larger, fewer alveoli with a less total surface area

Answer 41

Emphysema

Question 42

_____: inflammation of the pleurae * results from pneumonia * Inflamed pleurae become rough → friction and stabbing pain with each breath

Answer 42

Pleurisy

Question 43

Boyle’s law:

Answer 43

P1 V1 = P2 V2

Question 44

Atmospheric pressure (At sea level, =___mmHg = 1 atm

Answer 44

760