Respiratory System

Question 0

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 0

External respiration - exchange between air in lungs and blood

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

Exchange of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and its environment

Question 2

Cellular respiration

Answer 2

Internal respiration - use of oxygen by cells for metabolism

Question 3

Upper respiratory tract consists of ?

Answer 3

Nose, pharynx, and larynx

Question 4

The lower respiratory tract consists of ?

Answer 4

Trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

Question 5

The nose consists of

Answer 5

Nares, turbinate bones, and nasal cavity

Question 6

Nares

Answer 6

Openings for air flow

Question 7

Turbinate bones are covered in

Answer 7

Mucous membranes

Question 8

The right and left side of the nasal cavity are divided by

Answer 8

A septum

Question 9

Nasal septum consists of what bones?

Answer 9

Vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

Question 10

The floor of the nasal cavity divides

Answer 10

The nasal and oral cavities

Question 11

Soft palate

Answer 11

Attached soft tissue structures (uvula)

Question 12

The function of turbinate bones/nasal conchae

Answer 12

Mix, moisten, warm, filter

Question 13

The three sets of nasal conchae include

Answer 13

Superior, middle, and inferior

Question 14

The Paranasal sinuses contain

Answer 14

Four pairs of sinuses close to the nose which drain into the nasal cavity

Question 15

The function of Paranasal sinuses include

Answer 15

To provide mucous for respiratory tract, lighten the skull, resonate sound

Question 16

The different Paranasal sinuses include

Answer 16

Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

Question 17

The pharynx is divided into three portions which are

Answer 17

Naso, Oro, and Laryngo

Question 18

The pharynx aka

Answer 18

Throat which allows passage of food and air, and contains the tonsils

Question 19

Eustachian tubes

Answer 19

Equalize air pressure between the middle ear and pharynx

Question 20

Tonsils

Answer 20

Three pair within the throat, masses of lymphatic tissue (pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual)

Question 21

Pharyngeal tonsils aka

Answer 21

Adenoids

Question 22

The larynx aka

Answer 22

The voice box which is composed of cartilage and contains the vocal cords

Question 23

The true vocal cords

Answer 23

Vibrate with the passage of air

Question 24

The glottis is the space between

Answer 24

The true vocal cords

Question 25

The false vocal cords

Answer 25

Vestibular folds

Question 26

The trachea

Answer 26

Aka the windpipe, 4-5" in length which bifurcates at the carina

Question 27

15-20 C-ring cartilage hold the

Answer 27

Trachea open and allows for esophagus/bolus

Question 28

The bronchial tree consists of

Answer 28

Primary, secondary, tertiary, bronchioles, and terminal bronchi

Question 29

Primary bronchi aka

Answer 29

Main stem

Question 30

Secondary bronchi aka

Answer 30

Lobar bronchi

Question 31

Tertiary bronchi aka

Answer 31

Segmental bronchi

Question 32

The alveolus contains

Answer 32

Terminal air sac, epithelial tissue, millions of alveoli surrounded by capillaries

Question 33

The terminal air sac resembles

Answer 33

A bunch of grapes

Question 34

Epithelial tissue in the alveolus is

Answer 34

Single cell thick, 1 micron (1/100th of an inch)

Question 35

Gas exchange occurs at

Answer 35

The alveoli

Question 36

Respiration occurs at the alveoli through the process of

Answer 36

Diffusion

Question 37

Diffusion is a passive process so...

Answer 37

No energy is spent by the cells

Question 38

Diffusion is

Answer 38

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a lower area

Question 39

Red blood cells can carry

Answer 39

Gasses, both oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 40

The normal life span of a red blood cell is

Answer 40

120 days

Question 41

Hemoglobin

Answer 41

Hemo - iron Globin - pigment "Iron pigment"

Question 42

The lungs

Answer 42

The organs of respiration containing the apex, base, hilum, costophrenic angle, and mediastinum

Question 43

The right lung has ? lobes

Answer 43

3 - superior, middle, and inferior

Question 44

The left lung has ? lobes

Answer 44

2 - superior and inferior

Question 45

The fissures of the lungs separate the

Answer 45

Lobes of the lungs

Question 46

The lobes of the lungs further divide into

Answer 46

Segments

Question 47

The right lung contains ? segments

Answer 47

10

Question 48

The left lung contains ? segments

Answer 48

9

Question 49

Pleura

Answer 49

Serous membranes lining the lungs (visceral), and interior chest wall (parietal)

Question 50

Serous fluid functions

Answer 50

Lubrication, and surface tension (adhesive property of liquids)

Question 51

Muscles for breathing

Answer 51

Diaphragm, intercostal, abdominal

Question 52

With an inspiration

Answer 52

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contracts/flatten (chest volume increases)

Question 53

Increased chest volume means

Answer 53

Lower intra-thorax pressure (outside air rushes in to equalize pressure)

Question 54

With expiration

Answer 54

The diaphragm relaxes and domes, the intercostal muscles relax (chest volume decreases)

Question 55

Decreased chest volume means

Answer 55

Higher intra-thorax pressure (air in lungs rushes out to equalize pressure)

Question 56

The medulla oblangata and pons control

Answer 56

Involuntary respiration

Question 57

The cerebral cortex controls

Answer 57

Voluntary respiration

Question 58

Eupnea

Answer 58

Normal respiratory rate

Question 59

Dyspnea

Answer 59

Labored or difficult breathing

Question 60

Apnea

Answer 60

Cessation of breathing, even temporarily as in sleep apnea

Question 61

Respiratory pathway

Answer 61

Nares > nasal cavity (nasal conchae) > pharynx (naso, oro, lyrango) > larynx > trachea (carina) > primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchi > alveoli > GAS EXCHANGE!

Question 62

The right lung is about 1" shorter than the left because

Answer 62

Due to the large space occupied by the liver

Question 63

The right lung is broader than the left because

Answer 63

Due to the large space occupied by the heart

Question 64

Each lung has

Answer 64

A rounded apex that reaches above the clavicles and a broad base that rests upon the diaphragm

Question 65

The lateral margins of the lung base are called the

Answer 65

Costophrenic angles

Question 66

The lungs are composed of a light spongy elastic tissue called the

Answer 66

Parenchyma