Respiratory System Flashcards
(40 cards)
simple organisms vs large organism’s respiratory system
simple: can diffuse in oxygen
large: need respiratory system
ventilation vs respiration, where it happens
ventilation: air in and out, happens in conduction zone
respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2, happens in respiratory zone
conduction zone pathway from nose
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles
respiratory zone pathway from respiratory bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
other roles of respiratory system
pH, thermoregulation, protection
larynx made of, contains
made of cartilage so keeps airway open
has epiglottis to seal trachea
has vocal cords
what are primary bronchi vs bronchioles made of
primary bronchi made of cartilage
bronchioles not made of cartilage but smooth muscle for regulation of alveoli
respiratory tract lined with ___ cells and the ____ cells secrete ____
lined with columnar cells, some are goblet cells that secrete mucus, no gas exchange
alveoli lined with _______
single layer simple squamous epithelium, no mucus but alveolar macrophages
mucociliary escalator
path of dust particle swept down by cilia into mucosal area and then to pharynx
what keeps alveolus from collapsing
soapy surfactant that gets rid of water’s surface tension
process of inspiration
active contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles between ribs expand
process of expiration
passive recoil of lungs
when forced, includes abdominal muscle push
2 types of pleura and their space
parietal pleura: lining of body
visceral pleura: lining of lung
pleural space: negative pressure to create vacuum and prevent collapsing
order of steps of inspiration
diaphragm contracts volume of chest cavity expands pleural pressure decreases lung expands pressure in alveoli becomes negative air enters lungs and alveoli
at the end of a resting expiration, alveolar pressure is
0
total volume
amount of air that moves in and out of lungs at normal (10% of total)
expiratory reserve volume
volume expired in passive breath
functional residual capacity
volume left after a passive inhale
inspirational reserve volume
volume inspired in passive breath
inspiratory capacity
max volume inspired after relaxed expiration
vital capacity
max volume inspired after max exhale
residual volume
volume left after strongest exhale
total lung capacity
vital capacity + residual volume (total volume of lung)
