Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

gas exchange in the lungs

A

O2 transported into the body tissues, CO2 transported out
-happens in the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

effective gas exchange depends on:

A

ventilation, perfusion, diffusion happening simultaneously
-problems will cause hypoxemia or hypercarbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pulmonary perfusion

A

-bronchial arteries bring O2 rich blood to lung tissues
-pulmonary arteries transport all of the right ventricle output to the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pressures of fluid balance:

A

hydrostatic, colloid osmotic pressure
-excessive hydrostatic=edema
-also regulated by capillary permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tidal volume

A

normal air breathed in and out at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

max air that can be inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

max air that can be exhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

air left in the lungs after expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

IRV+TV+ERV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal FEV/FVC

A

75%, 3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

obstructed FEV/FVC

A

25%, 1/4
-abnormally low FEV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

restricted FEV/FVC

A

83%, 25/3
-abnormally high FEV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ventilation

A

movement of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

perfusion

A

movement of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

matching Q and V

A

Q (perfusion) and V (ventilation) should always be equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

perfusion without ventilation

A

no air coming in (ex: atelectasis/collapsed lung)
-low ventilation-perfusion ratio
-mismatch

17
Q

ventilation without perfusion

A

no blood coming in (ex: pulmonary embolism, dead air space)
-high ventilation-perfusion ratio
-mismatch

18
Q

transport of O2 in the lungs

A

1) transfer from alveoli to capillaries in the lungs
2) Hb binding and transporting of O2
3) dissociation from Hb in the tissue capillaries as O2 is delivered
-blood transports O2 to cells, returns CO2 to the lungs

19
Q

O2-Hb dissociation curve

A

normal: steep curve of O2 being released from Hb and into the tissues and plateaus where O2 is loaded onto Hb in the lung
-body temp, PCO2 and pH shift the curve to the right
-decreased body temp, PCO2, increased pH shift the curve to the left
-early plateau with anemia

20
Q

pneumonia

A

infection of the lung that affects gas exchange
-classified by different types
-know the causing agent

21
Q

typical pneumonia

A

from bacteria in the alveoli (ex: S. pneumoniae, influenzae)

22
Q

atypical pneumonia

A

from viruses, fungi, foreign material (ex: aspiration)

23
Q

community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

A

infection outside of a healthcare facility

24
Q

hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)

A

infection 48+ hours after ADMISSION

25
Q

healthcare-acquired pneumonia (HCAP)

A

infection 48+ hours after DISCHARGE

26
Q

ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

A

infection 48-72 hours after intubation
-open epiglottis

27
Q

compromised pneumonia

A

from suppressed immune systems, artificial airways, mechanical ventilation

28
Q

otherwise healthy pneumonia

A

older adults, young children, smokers

29
Q

pneumonia manifestations

A

obstructed bronchioles: inflammation and fluid in the alveoli cause no gas exchange and increased exudate
-cough, fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, productive cough
-atypical: no exudate, less coughing

30
Q

pneumonia diagnosis

A

chest radiograph (white shadows), blood cultures, WBC count, CURB-65
-C=confusion (1 point)
-U=blood urea waste (1 point)
-R=respiratory rate (1 point)
-B=blood pressure (1 point)
-points show severity, mortality

31
Q

what is true about tuberculosis?
a) it is infectious
b) it is airborne
c) it is from an allergy to pollen
d) it is a chronic airway disorder
e) it mostly affects the lungs

A

a, b, e

32
Q

tuberculosis disease process

A

inhalation or ingestion of the MTb bacteria>slow spread through lymph and blood>waxy, thick bacteria ingested by macrophages and walled off by proteins>latent phase>Ghon Tb (hallmark diagnosis)

33
Q

primary phase of tb

A

initial exposure, 3-6 week development, inactive bacteria/not contagious if contained, can become latent

34
Q

latent phase of tb

A

from primary phase, inactive bacteria, not contagious, asymptomatic

35
Q

secondary phase of tb

A

only from reinfection/reactivation: active bacteria, contagious

36
Q

progressive primary phase of Tb

A

not contained by immune system, active bacteria, contagious, miliary Tb development

37
Q

which symptoms indicate a person has active tuberculosis?
a) coughing for over 3 weeks
b) sharp chest pain
c) shallow breathing
d) night fever
e) fatigue
f) anorexia
g) weight loss

A

a, d, e, f, g

38
Q

Tb diagnosis

A

positive protein skin test (Manto test), Quantiferon test, positive sputum cultures, nodules on radiographs

39
Q

Tb treatment

A

antimicrobials, drugs for 6-9 months
-treatment takes awhile to get rid of bacteria

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions