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Respiratory Viruses Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

A virus isolated from an infected host and propagated in culture.

A

viral isolate

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2
Q

An isolate with a genome sequence different from a reference virus.

A

viral variant?

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3
Q

A variant with unique and stable phenotypic characteristics.

A

viral strain

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4
Q

True or False: All strains are variants, but not all variants are strains.

A

True

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5
Q

Viruses of the same species that are antigenically different.

A

serotype

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6
Q

The genetic makeup of a virus.

A

genotype

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7
Q

How do viruses infect the respiratory tract?

A

By invading the respiratory mucosa.

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8
Q

What is the range of respiratory viral infections?

A

From minor colds to serious conditions like pneumonia

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9
Q

What age groups can respiratory viruses affect?

A

All age groups.

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10
Q

What are the 3 main modes of viral transmission?

A
  1. Droplet transmission (>5 µm, travels <1 meter)
    1. Fomite transmission (via contaminated surfaces)
    2. Airborne transmission (<5 µm, stays suspended in air)
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11
Q

Which virus binds to ICAM-1?

A

Polio, Rhinovirus

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12
Q

Which virus binds to CD4?

A

HIV

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13
Q

Which virus binds to Acetylcholine receptor?

A

Rabies virus

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14
Q

Which virus binds to EGF receptor?

A

Vaccinia virus

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15
Q

Which virus binds to CR2/CD21?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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16
Q

Which virus binds to HVEM?

A

Herpes virus

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17
Q

Which viruses bind to Sialic Acid?

A

Influenza, Parainfluenza, Reovirus, Coronavirus

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18
Q

Which virus binds to Human ACE-2?

A

COVID-19

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19
Q

Which virus binds to DDP4 (Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4)?

A

MERS-CoV

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20
Q

Which virus binds to Human Nucleolin (NCL)?

A

RSV

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21
Q

Which viruses target Type 1 pneumocytes?

A

RSV, Adenovirus

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22
Q

Which viruses target Type 2 pneumocytes?

A

RSV, Adenovirus, Coronavirus, Influenza virus

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23
Q

Which virus causes cell lysis?

A

Adenovirus

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24
Q

Which viruses cause apoptosis?

A

Influenza A, Coronavirus

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25
Which virus forms Negri bodies?
Rabies virus
26
Which viruses form cytoplasmic inclusions?
Adenovirus, RSV
27
Which virus infects ciliated epithelial cells?
Avian Influenza A
28
Which viruses replicate in both the nucleus & cytoplasm?
RSV & Parainfluenza Virus (PIV)
29
Which virus replicates only in the nucleus?
Influenza virus
30
Which virus replicates only in the cytoplasm?
Coronavirus
31
Which virus infects non-ciliated epithelial cells?
Human Influenza virus
32
What is the family and genus of Adenovirus?
• Family: Adenoviridae • Genus: Mastadenovirus
33
What type of genetic material does Adenovirus have?
Naked, dsDNA
34
What is the incubation period for Adenovirus?
2 days – 2 weeks
35
What are the peak seasons for Adenovirus infections?
Winter & early spring
36
Is Adenovirus usually mild or severe?
Mild and self-limiting
37
What percentage of Adenovirus cases cause pneumonia?
10%
38
What percentage of Adenovirus cases cause gastroenteritis in children?
5-15%
39
What are the most common sites of Adenovirus infection?
Respiratory tract, GI tract, and eyes
40
Which Adenovirus serotypes cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?
8, 19, 37
41
Which Adenovirus serotypes cause pharyngoconjunctival fever?
3, 7, 4
42
Which Adenovirus serotypes are associated with acute respiratory disease (ARD)?
3, 4, 7, 21
43
What is the structure of Adenovirus?
Naked, dsDNA, icosahedral (70-90 nm), 20 triangular faces, 12 vertices
44
How many capsomeres does Adenovirus have?
252 capsomeres
45
What are the major capsid proteins of Adenovirus?
1. Hexon – forms the capsid 2. Penton – connects hexon & fiber 3. Fiber – for attachment to the host
46
What is the receptor for Adenovirus?
Coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor
47
What specimens are used for Adenovirus isolation?
Throat & conjunctival swabs, respiratory secretions
48
What microscopy technique is used for Adenovirus detection?
Direct fluorescence antibody staining
49
What serological tests can detect Adenovirus?
Enzyme immunoassay & commercial antigen detection kits
50
What cell culture is commonly used for Adenovirus isolation?
Human embryonic kidney & A549 (human lung carcinoma)
51
What is the most sensitive molecular method for Adenovirus detection?
PCR (Nucleic acid-based detection from body fluids & tissues)
52
What is the characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) of Adenovirus?
Grape-like clusters
53
What is the family and genus of RSV?
• Family: Paramyxoviridae • Genus: Pneumovirus
54
What type of genetic material does RSV have?
Enveloped, (-) ssRNA
55
What are the two RSV subtypes?
1. Subtype A – Most common 2. Subtype B
56
What is the incubation period of RSV?
2-8 days
57
When is RSV most prevalent?
Winter and early spring (Temperate zones), with yearly outbreaks (2-5 months long)
58
What is the shape and size of RSV?
Spherical, 150-250 nm
59
What is the function of the Fusion (F) glycoprotein in RSV?
Binds to host cell receptors and facilitates fusion
60
What is the function of the Attachment (G) glycoprotein in RSV?
Mediates virus attachment to host cells
61
What is the role of the Small Hydrophobic (SH) protein?
Prevents apoptosis of the host cell
62
What is the role of the Matrix (M) protein?
Provides stability and rigidity to the viral envelope
63
What cells does RSV primarily attack?
Ciliated columnar epithelial cells
64
How does RSV progress through the respiratory tract?
Spreads from the nasopharynx to the distal bronchi
65
What are the most severe diseases caused by RSV?
• Bronchiolitis • Pneumonia
66
Why is RSV dangerous for infants?
Narrow terminal airways become occluded by necrotic epithelial cells, leading to breathing difficulties
67
What populations are at the highest risk for severe RSV infections?
• Premature infants • Children with comorbidities • Transplant recipients
68
What respiratory illnesses can RSV cause?
1. Croup 2. Viral bronchitis 3. Bronchiolitis 4. Pneumonia
69
Does RSV infection provide long-term immunity?
No, reinfections occur throughout life
70
Can asymptomatic adults transmit RSV?
Yes, they may carry the virus in the nares

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