REVIEW Flashcards
(79 cards)
Where would you expect to find platelets in a spun blood sample?
In the buffy coat
The buffy coat is the thin, whitish layer containing leukocytes and platelets.
Where would you expect to find hemoglobin in a spun blood sample?
In the hematocrit (within the erythrocytes)
Hematocrit represents the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
What molecule stimulates erythropoiesis?
Erythropoietin
Which organ is primarily responsible for the release of erythropoietin?
Kidneys
List the five stages of hemostasis in chronological order.
- Vascular spasm
- Platelet plug formation
- Coagulation
- Clot retraction
- Thrombolysis
Name two different molecules that hemoglobin can bind to.
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
What does CO stand for in the equation CO = HR x SV?
Cardiac Output
What does HR stand for in the equation CO = HR x SV?
Heart Rate
What does SV stand for in the equation CO = HR x SV?
Stroke Volume
Which EKG waveform is associated with ventricular depolarization?
QRS wave
Which EKG waveform is associated with ventricular repolarization?
T wave
Which blood type is considered the universal recipient?
AB+
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
O-
Why does blood flowing through the aorta encounter less resistance than blood flowing through an arteriole?
The aorta is larger, allowing unobstructed flow; arterioles have smaller lumens causing increased resistance
What is the primary reason the muscular pump and respiratory pump are necessary for venous blood flow?
To combat low pressure in veins and assist blood flow back to the heart
What is the approximate oxygen saturation percentage of an erythrocyte when it leaves the left side of the heart?
About 100%
What is the approximate oxygen saturation percentage of an erythrocyte in systemic veins?
Typically around 75%
Describe the entire process of erythropoiesis.
Stimulus -> Erythropoietin release -> Red bone marrow activation -> Erythrocyte production -> Destruction and recycling
Compare and contrast the structure and function of arteries, capillaries, and veins.
Arteries: thick walls, high pressure; Capillaries: thin walls, exchange; Veins: thinner walls, lower pressure
Detail the cascade of events that leads to coagulation.
Vascular injury -> Platelet activation -> Coagulation cascade -> Fibrin mesh formation
Explain how the intrinsic conduction system of the heart coordinates a heartbeat.
SA node -> AV node -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers, influenced by autonomic innervation
Discuss how blood pressure and cholesterol levels can contribute to cardiovascular diseases.
High BP and cholesterol cause arterial damage, leading to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
What are agglutinins?
Antibodies in plasma that attack foreign glycoproteins on erythrocytes
What are agranulocytes?
Leukocytes without visible granules; includes lymphocytes and monocytes
