UNIT 1 - QUIZZES Flashcards by DOUG JACKSON

The portion of hemoglobin that binds oxygen is:
* iron
* globin proteins
* platelets
* leukocytes

iron

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Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
* basophil
* eosinophil
* lymphocyte
* neutrophil

lymphocyte

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Match the blood components to the layer in which they would be found after blood is centrifuged.
__ water
__ hormones
__ erythrocytes
__ ions
__ platelets
__ urea

Plasma
Buffy coat
Hematocrit

Plasma = water, hormones, ions, urea
Buffy coat = platelets
Hematocrit = erythrocytes

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Select all of the options that are accurate descriptors of erythrocytes. (select all that apply)
* anucleate
* no mitochondria
* created in the spleen
* contain hemoglobin

anucleate
no mitochondria
contain hemoglobin

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Match the cell type to the descriptor:
__ plug tears in blood vessels
__ consist of granulocytes and agranulocytes
__ carry oxygen & carbon dioxide
__ destroy pathogens in the blood

erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelet

erythrocytes = carry oxygen & carbon dioxide
leukocytes = consist of granulocytes and agranulocytes, destroy pathogens in the blood
platelets = plug tears in blood vessels

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Which leukocyte enters tissues from a capillary, then seeks and devours pathogens?
* lymphocyte
* eosinophil
* neutrophil
* basophil

Neutrophils are a type of granulocyte that play a crucial role in immune response by rapidly migrating to sites of infection and engulfing (phagocytizing) pathogens.

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Which cells were described as being associated with an allergic reaction? (select all that apply)
* monocyte
* basophil
* lymphocyte
* eosinophil

basophil - associated with allergies
eosinophil - associated with some allergies and cancers

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Which cell type becomes B and T cells of the specific immune system?
* neutrophil
* lymphocyte
* basophil
*monocyte

*lymphocyte

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Which leukocyte enters tissues and then transforms into a macrophage?
* basophils
* neutrophils
*monocytes
* eosinophils

monocytes

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What is the function of platelets?
* to form a plug when blood vessels tear
* to devour pathogens
* to carry oxygen
* to increase inflammation

to form a plug when blood vessels tear

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Which cell can become an erythrocyte, leukocyte, or platelet?
* Schwann cell
* monocyte
* hematocytoblast
* Peyer’s patch

hematocytoblast

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Which organ would sense a decrease in platelet production and release an endocrine hormone in response?
* liver
* kidneys
* immune system
* bone marrow

liver

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Hypoxia

This is when the body has low oxygen levels. Kidneys release EPO in response.

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Place the events in the correct order:
__ Erythropoietin released
__ Kidneys sense hypoxia
__ Red bone marrow initiates erthryopoiesis
__ Erythrocytes in the cardiovascular system increase

Kidneys sense hypoxia
Erythropoietin released
Red bone marrow initiates erthryopoiesis
Erythrocytes in the cardiovascular system increase

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Match the process to the descriptor:

__ process of making red blood cells
__ process of making white blood cells
__ process of making platelets

erythropoiesis
leukopoiesis
thrombopoiesis

erythropoiesis - process of making red blood cells
leukopoiesis - process of making white blood cells.
thrombopoiesis -process of making platelets.

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What athletic advantage does blood doping cause?
* increased flexibility
* increased fluid retention
* increased endurance
* increased strenght

increased endurance

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What enzyme causes fibrinogen to covert to fibrin?
* thrombin
* prothrombin activator
* platelet derived factors
* intrinsic factors

thrombin

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Which of the following is a free floating blood clot the could potentially block blood flow?
* heparin
* platelet
* thrombus
* embolism

embolism

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Select all of the chemicals that inhibit coagulation in healthy blood vessels. (select all that apply)
__ thrombin
__ protein C
__ intrinsic factors
__ heparin
__ antithrombin
__ fibrinogen

Protein C, heparin and antithrombin all inhibit coagulation in healthy blood vessels.

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Place the events of coagulation in the correct order:
__ fibrin is made
__ clot retraction occurs
__ prothrombin activator is made
__ thrombin is made

prothrombin activator is made
thrombin is made
fibrin is made
clot retraction occurs

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Place the events of hemostasis in the correct order:
__ platelet plug
__ clot retraction
__ coagulation
__ vasospasm

vasospasm
platelet plug
coagulation
clot retraction

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Select all the blood types a person with O+ blood could RECEIVE.
(select all that apply)
__ A+
__ B+
__ AB+
__ O+
__ A-
__ B-
__ AB-
__ O-

A person with O+ blood could receive O+ and O-.

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Select all the blood types a person with AB+ blood could RECEIVE.
(select all that apply)
__ A+
__ B+
__ AB+
__ O+
__ A-
__ B-
__ AB-
__ O-

AB+ is the UNIVERSAL red cell recipient and can receive ALL BOOD TYPES!

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What is the UNIVERSAL red cell DONOR blood type?

O negative (O-) blood type can be given to patients of any blood type.

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What is the UNIVERSAL red cell RECIPIENT blood type?

AB positive (AB+) blood type can be received by patients of any blood type.

Select all the blood types a person with B- blood could RECEIVE. (select all that apply) __ A+ __ B+ __ AB+ __ O+ __ A- __ B- __ AB- __ O-

A person with B- blood could receive B- and O-.

Match the term with its descriptor: __ This is an antibody that attaches to foreign substances. __ This molecule attacks foreign blood types when/if encountered. __ This molecule identifies "self" and "non-self" to the immune system. __ This is a molecule on the surface of erythrocytes.

1. glycoproteins: identifies "self" and "non-self" to the immune system and are molecules on the surface of erythrocytes. 2. agglutinins: attach to foreign substances and attack foreign blood types when/if encountered.

What blood type is the universal donor because it can be received by anyone? * O+ * AB+ * AB- * O-

O negative (o-) is the universal donor and can be given to patients of any blood type.

What layer of the heart separates the blood in the chambers from the contracting cardiac muscle tissue?

endocardium

What does the color blue indicate in teaching about the cardiovascular system?

deoxygenated blood

What is the portion of the sac that adheres to the lungs?

parietal pericardium

What is the correct order that blood passes through the heart?

1. right atrium 2. tricuspid valve 3. right ventricle 4. pulmonary semilunar valve 5. left atrium 6. mitral valve 7. left ventricle 8. aortic semilunar valve

What creates the second heart sound?

aortic semilunar & mitral valves slamming shut

What is referred to as all parts of the heart working together in a coordinated fashion?

Functional syncytium

Which structure acts as the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

Which structure delays electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles?

av node

Which structure directly stimulates muscle of the ventricles to contract?

Purkinje fibers

Place the following structures in the correct order in which electricity flows through the heart: sa node, av node, atrial conduction fibers, av bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.

1. sa node 2. atrial conduction fibers 3. av node 4. av bundle 5. bundle branches 6. Purkinje fibers

Which nervous system slows down the heart?

parasympathetic

If the autonomic nervous system was not affecting the heart at all, what pace would the heart beat?

100 b/m

Match the term with the appropriate descriptor: the force the ventricles must overcome.

afterload

Match the term with the appropriate descriptor: the amount of blood in the heart prior to contraction.

preload

Match the term with the appropriate descriptor: the force with which muscle of the heart contracts.

contractility

What factors can modify cardiac output? * lymphatic flow * heart rate * stroke volume * ATP production

Heart rate and stroke volume

What happens to preload if venous return increases?

Preload would increase

Which wave corresponds to ventricular repolarization?

T wave

Which of the following would indicate a patient's heart is in functional syncyctium?

normal sinus rhythm

What does it mean when an EKG is described as non-invasive?

A medical instrument does not need to enter the body.

What is a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute called?

Bradycardia.

If a patient's EKG recording had an abnormality in the PR interval, what does this indicate?

There is an issue with the AV node.

Which arrhythmia occurs due to ectopic foci in the atria?

atrial fibrillation

What is occurring in this EKG?

ventricular tachycardia ## Footnote Example: Ventricular tachycardia is a fast heart rate originating from the ventricles.

What is occurring in this EKG?

premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ## Footnote Example: PVCs are early heartbeats originating from the ventricles.

What is occurring in this EKG?

atrial fibrillation

Which of the following is the mildest dysrrhythmia, occurring normally from time to time?

premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ## Footnote Other options include atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation.

What is required to bring venous blood from the abdomen to the right atrium?

We are dependent on the respiratory pump. ## Footnote Example: The respiratory pump aids in venous return during inhalation.

What do capillaries consist of?

Capillaries consist of a single layer of tunica intima.

What is the correct order of blood flow through the vessels after leaving the left ventricle?

1. Artery 2. Arteriole 3. Capillary 4. Venule 5. Vein

What is the correct order of blood flow through the vessels after leaving the left ventricle to the lungs?

1. Systemic arteries 2. Pulmonary arteries 3. Pulmonary veins 4. Systemic veins

Is the color blue used to indicate that a blood vessel is a vein?

False

Blood pressure is dependent on which of the following? (select all that apply)

cardiac output, blood volume, peripheral resistance

Which of the following is an example of an obstruction that can increase resistance to blood flow?

cholesterol plaque build up ## Footnote decreased viscosity, shorter blood vessels, and vasodilation do not increase resistance.

In which blood vessel would blood encounter the highest resistance to flow?

arteriole

What creates less resistance to blood flow?

Vasodilation: This is when the diameter/radius of an artery increases.

What creates more resistance to blood flow?

Vasoconstriction: This is when the diameter/radius of an artery decreases.

Blood with a high viscosity will also have a high resistance to flow.

True

What causes fluid to exit or enter capillaries?

The force of blood pressure causes hydrostatic pressure while the attraction of fluids to substances in the blood causes osmotic pressure. ## Footnote The difference between these two forces is net filtration pressure.

Which type of capillary is the 'leakiest'?

Sinusoidal capillaries. ## Footnote They are more permeable than continuous and fenestrated capillaries.

What is the thin connective tissue that surrounds a capillary to help it maintain shape?

basal lamina

Match the term with the correct descriptor: these capillaries would bring blood into a working muscle while exercising.

1. continuous capillaries

Match the term with the correct descriptor: these capillaries are by lymph organs and bone so leukocytes can enter and exit the blood.

3. sinusoidal capillaries

Match the term with the correct descriptor: these capillaries are found in the kidneys to aid with blood filtration.

2. fenestrated capillaries

Which structure is responsible for draining fluid in a tissue if pressure is too high?

lymphatic capillaries

What is the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes?

Diastolic pressure

What is the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts?

Systolic pressure

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

MAP is not the average of systolic and diastolic pressure.

Why is MAP not the average of systolic and diastolic pressure?

The heart spends twice as long relaxing as contracting.

This is the number on the bottom of a blood pressure measurement.

Systolic

What is the mean arterial pressure for a patient with a blood pressure of 140/50?

What is the pulse pressure for a patient with a blood pressure of 140/50?

What blood pressure category is a patient with a blood pressure of 140/50 in?

hypertension stage 2

Why must a vein be turned inside out before it is grafted to the heart during bypass surgery?

So the valves do not interfere with blood flow.

Which procedure has the highest success rate for treating atherosclerosis?

Bypass surgery.

What occurs due to lack of exercise, poor diet, and other health-related issues?

Atherosclerosis is a condition related to lifestyle factors.

This is a normal consequence of aging?

Arteriosclerosis.

What is the name given to the disease process in which blood flow is cut off to an organ?

This is known as Atherosclerosis.

What is the name given to hardening of the arteries?

This condition is called Arteriosclerosis.

What is the purpose of CPR?

To maintain blood flow to the brain, restart the heart, and stop ectopic foci.

If a person is having a myocardial infarction, may they not feel pain in the chest?

True ## Footnote They may think it is heartburn or indigestion.

UNIT 1 - QUIZZES Flashcards

(89 cards)