UNIT 1 - VASCULATURE

Question 1

Pulmonary Artery

Answer 1

This is part of the Pulmonary Circuit and it carries blood AWAY from the heart to lungs for oxygenation. (Arteries carry blood away.)

Question 2

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 2

This is part of the Pulmonary Circuit and it carries blood BACK to the heart after being oxygenated. (Veins carry blood back.)

Question 3

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 3

Blood vessels associated with lungs where blood is sent to lungs to drop off carbon dioxide (waste) and pick up oxygen (nutrients).

Question 4

Systemic Artery

Answer 4

This is part of the Systemic Circulatory System and is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart; blood delivered to tissues to drop off oxygen.

Question 5

Systemic Vein

Answer 5

This is part of the Systemic Circulatory System and is the blood vessel that takes blood back to the heart; deoxygenated blood carried back to the heart.

Question 6

Systemic Circulatory System

Answer 6

Blood vessels associated with the rest of the body systems where blood is sent to tissues and tissue systems to drop off oxygen (nutrient) and pick up carbon dioxide (waste).

Question 7

In the Pulmonary Circuit, 25% of oxygen is ____________ .

Answer 7

added and therefore oxygenated (100%).

Question 8

In the Systemic Circulatory System, 25% of oxygen is ____________ .

Answer 8

dropped off and therefore deoxygenated (75%).

Question 9

Distribution of blood in the cardiovascular system: Systemic Veins

Answer 9

55%

Question 10

Distribution of blood in the cardiovascular system: Pulmonary Veins

Answer 10

15%

Question 11

Distribution of blood in the cardiovascular system: Systemic Arteries

Answer 11

10%

Question 12

Distribution of blood in the cardiovascular system: Left Heart

Answer 12

6%

Question 13

Distribution of blood in the cardiovascular system: Right Heart

Answer 13

6%

Question 14

Distribution of blood in the cardiovascular system: Capillaries

Answer 14

5%

Question 15

Distribution of blood in the cardiovascular system: Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 15

3%

Question 16

Tunica Intima

Answer 16

A single layer of endothelium, helps to decrease friction as blood flows through. **Capillaries are a single layer of Tunica Intima.

Question 17

Tunica Media

Answer 17

Contains smooth muscle

Question 18

Tunica Externa

Answer 18

Connective tissue that helps maintain the shape of the blood vessels.

Question 19

What do valves in blood vessels do?

Answer 19

They ensure one way blood flow.

Question 20

Muscle Arteries change shape based on need.

Vasodilation

Answer 20

Blood vessel becomes larger (wider) allowing more blood flow to a tissue.

This is caused by endocrine hormones in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The overall effect is to send MORE blood to a tissue so it can perform a function.

Question 21

Muscle Arteries change shape based on need.

Vasoconstriction

Answer 21

Blood vessel becomes tightens (narrows) allowing for a decrease in blood flow to a tissue.

This is caused by endocrine hormones in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The overall effect is to decrease blood flow (send LESS blood) because a tissue is not active.

Question 22

Skeletal Muscle Pump

Answer 22

The pressure in veins is too low to drive blood flow so skeletal muscle contraction pushes on veins where blood is forced to move in one direction by valves. Backward flow is inhibited by valves when the muscles relax.

Question 23

Respirator Muscle Pump

Answer 23

Diaphragm contracts and puts pressure on abdomen and blood squees up to heart aided by valves. (via inhaling and exhaling)

Question 24

Factors that create resistance in the cardiovascular system: Vessel Diameter

Answer 24

Large vessels allow more room for blood to flow through.
Smaller vessels create more resistance to flow.
Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction will affect resistance.

Question 25

Factors that create resistance in the cardiovascular system: Blood Viscosity

Answer 25

Viscosity = the thickness of of blood Thicker blood bounces into walls and other cells more often. This increases resistance. Thinner blood flows more easily, decreasing resistance.

Question 26

Factors that create resistance in the cardiovascular system: Vessel Length

Answer 26

Blood flowing through a longer tube make more contact with the walls. This increases resistance. Blood flowing through a shorter t tube makes less contact with the walls so it creates less resistance. This relates to body size and blood pressure regulation.

Question 27

Factors that create resistance in the cardiovascular system: Obstructions

Answer 27

Cholesterol can build up in regions of the vasculature. Plaques create barriers to overall flow and increase resistance. Blood vessels become harder with plaque and are unable to change shape.