Review 4 Flashcards
(205 cards)
1
Q
Dogleg
A
a sharp bend, especially in a road, or on a golf course:
The driver lost control as he tried to negotiate a dogleg on a steep mountain road.
The 17th hole is a left-hand dog-leg.
2
Q
Well to do
A
showing signs of being successful; rich:
It was a well-to-do neighborhood of large, single-family homes with big backyards.
Well to do families
3
Q
Aphid
A
any of various small insects, such as the greenfly, that suck the juices of plants for food
4
Q
Entity
A
something that exists apart from other things, having its own independent existence:
The museums work closely together, but are separate legal entities.
He regarded the north of the country as a separate cultural entity.
5
Q
Elicit
A
to get or produce something, especially information or a reaction:
Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet?
The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits.
They were able to elicit the support of the public.
specialized education to get a student to provide or remember a fact, response, etc. rather than telling them the answer:
The teacher elicits definitions from the students.
In this teaching practice, teachers elicit and build on their students’ mathematical insights.
6
Q
Bloater
A
a herring or mackerel that has been kept in salt water and then lightly smoked
7
Q
Pugilist
A
formal a boxer or fighter:
a bare-knuckle pugilist
8
Q
Rascal
A
a person, especially a child or a man, who does things that you disapprove of, but who you still like:
I caught those little/young rascals dressing up in my clothes.
What’s that old rascal been up to?
9
Q
Caveat
A
a warning, for example about the use or effectiveness of something:
One caveat: Know when passengers must be back on board the plane.
10
Q
Bap
A
a round, soft form of bread that is usually smaller than a loaf:
a soft white bap
11
Q
Tempest
A
A violent storm
12
Q
tempest in a teapot
A
something of no importance that causes a great deal of excitement or trouble:
It seemed like an innocent remark, but it set off a tempest in a teapot.
13
Q
Heather
A
a low, spreading bush, usually with small pink, purple, or white flowers, that grows wild, especially on hills
14
Q
Caddy
A
a small container
tea caddy
15
Q
Bedaub
A
formal to cover something very roughly with something sticky or dirty:
The child’s face was bedaubed with chocolate.
16
Q
Masticate
A
specialized
to chew (= crush with the teeth) food
17
Q
Timorous
A
Timid
nervous and without much confidence
18
Q
Latent
A
present but needing particular conditions to become active, obvious, or completely developed:
Recent developments in the area have brought latent ethnic tension out into the open.
We’re trying to bring out the latent artistic talents that many people possess without realizing it.
19
Q
Dormant
A
(of things) not active or growing, but having the ability to be active at a later time:
a dormant volcano
Most roses being sold now are dormant, and without any soil around their roots.
20
Q
Nectar
A
a sweet liquid produced by flowers and collected by bees:
The bee turns nectar into honey.
Nectar is also a drink made from some fruits:
apricot nectar
21
Q
Shun
A
to avoid or refuse to accept someone or something:
She shunned publicity after she retired from the stage.
22
Q
Armistice
A
Truce
a formal agreement between two countries or groups at war to stop fighting for a particular time, especially to talk about possible peace:
A two-week armistice has been declared between the rival factions.
23
Q
Prance
A
to walk in an energetic way and with more movement than necessary:
It’s pathetic to see 50-year-old rock stars prancing around on stage as if they were still teenagers.
She pranced into the office and demanded to speak to the manager.
24
Q
Cavort
A
to dance around, having a noisy good time:
A group of teenagers were cavorting in the park.
25
Rebuke
Reproach
fml to criticize someone strongly because you disapprove of what the person has said or done:
He was publicly rebuked for his involvement in the scandal.
26
Reproach
to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected:
His mother reproached him for not eating all his dinner.
You have nothing to reproach yourself for/with.
27
To do
informal a show of anger, worry, or excitement that is unnecessary or greater than the situation deserves:
Getting our passports renewed was such a to-do.
28
Commotion
a sudden, short period of noise, confusion, or excited movement:
His arrival caused quite a commotion.
He looked up to see what all the commotion was about.
29
Nozzle
a narrow piece attached to the end of a tube so that the liquid or air that comes out can be directed in a particular way:
Attach the nozzle to the hose before turning on the water.
a tube-shaped opening that allows liquids to be poured out of a container:
Fruit is put into the blender and juice comes out the spout.
30
One two
an exchange of passes between two football players, with one player passing the ball to another who then passes it quickly back to the first player:
Sinton played a one-two with Holloway before scoring.
31
Aspen
a tree of the poplar family, with leaves that shake even when there is only a little wind:
On our walk along the river we passed thundering waterfalls and quivering aspens.
Poplar
a tall tree with branches that form a thin pointed shape:
a tall row of poplars
32
Panacea
Cure all
something that will solve all problems or cure all illnesses:
Books are not meant to be a panacea for an illness or loss.
There’s a danger in believing that the drug is a cure-all.
33
Supple
bending or able to be bent easily; not stiff:
I'm not supple enough (= my body doesn't bend easily enough) to touch the floor.
The gloves were made of very supple leather.
34
Agile
able to move about quickly and easily:
Years of ballet and modern dance had made her strong and agile.
fig. He has an agile mind (= He can think
35
Conceit
the state of being too proud of yourself and your actions:
| The conceit of that man is incredible!
36
Sluice
an artificial channel for carrying water, with an opening at one end to control the flow of the water
If water sluices out from somewhere, it flows in large amounts:
Water sluiced out from the pipes.
to wash something with a large amount of running water:
We had to sluice out the garage to get rid of the smell of petrol.
37
Strenuous
needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort or energy:
He rarely does anything more strenuous than changing the channels on the television.
His doctor advised him not to do any strenuous exercise.
Strenuous efforts were made throughout the war to disguise the scale of civilian casualties.
38
Arduous
difficult and tiring, or needing a great deal of effort:
| In those days, a trip to the West was an arduous journey.
39
Menagerie
/məˈnædʒ.ɚ.i/
a collection of wild animals that are kept privately or to show to the public
40
Centenary
```
/senˈten.er.i/ uk us centennial
(the day or year that is) 100 years after an important event:
centenary celebrations
Next year is the centenary of her death.
```
41
Jitter
slight uncontrolled movement or shaking, for example in electronic equipment:
You may notice jitter on the screen.
aircraft jitter
42
Gasbag
Windbag
/ˈɡæs.bæɡ/ informal
a person who always talks too much
43
Decorum
/dɪˈkɔːr.əm/ formal
Propriety
behaviour that is controlled, calm, and polite:
As young ladies we were expected to act/behave with proper decorum.
44
Impropriety
/ˌɪm·prəˈprɑɪ·ɪ·t̬i/
dishonest behavior, or a dishonest act:
[ U ] He said he regretted the appearance of impropriety and resigned.
[ C ] There have been charges of financial improprieties.
45
Proprietary
/prəˈprɑɪ·ɪˌter·i/
owned and legally controlled by a particular company:
This is proprietary software, and you have no right to copy it without a license from the owner.
46
Charlatan
/ˈʃɑːr.lə.t̬ən/ disapproving
a person who pretends to have skills or knowledge that they do not have, especially in medicine
47
Calibre
the quality of someone or something, especially someone's ability:
If teaching paid more it might attract people of (a) higher calibre.
The competition entries were of such (a) high calibre that judging them was very difficult.
48
Gainsay
formal to refuse to accept something as the truth:
| Certainly there's no gainsaying (= it is not possible to doubt) the technical brilliance of his performance.
49
Amalgamate
to join or unite to form a larger organization or group, or to make separate organizations do this:
The electricians' union is planning to amalgamate with the technicians' union.
The different offices will be amalgamated as/into employment advice centres.
50
Venison
| the flesh of a deer used as meat
51
Benison
A blessing
‘the rewards and benisons of marriage’
52
Mediocre
just acceptable but not good; not good enough:
The movie’s plot is predictable, the dialogue is second-rate, and the acting is mediocre.
Parents don't want their children going to mediocre schools.
53
Array
a large group of things or people, especially one that is attractive or causes admiration or has been positioned in a particular way:
There was a splendid array of food on the table.
They sat before an array of microphones and cameras.
to arrange a group of things in a particular way:
A large number of magazines were arrayed on the stand.
Arrayed (= standing in a group) before him were 40 schoolchildren in purple and green.
54
Eclectic
```
/ekˈlek.tɪk/ formal
Methods, beliefs, ideas, etc. that are eclectic combine whatever seem the best or most useful things from many different areas or systems, rather than following a single system:
an eclectic style/approach
an eclectic taste in literature
```
It was an eclectic mix of our ethnic foods and traditional Thanksgiving food.
55
Bone up
Informal to learn as much as you can about something for a special reason:
She boned up on economics before applying for the job.
She boned up on her Spanish before going to Mexico.
56
Impasse
a situation in which progress is impossible, especially because the people involved cannot agree:
The dispute had reached an impasse, as neither side would compromise.
We have reached an impasse in the negotiations -- neither side will budge.
57
Budge
If something will not budge or you cannot budge it, it will not move:
I've tried moving the desk but it won't budge/I can't budge it.
The demonstrators would not budge from the governor’s office.
to change your opinion or to make someone change their opinion:
I've tried persuading her, but she won't budge.
58
Fling
Toss
to throw or move something suddenly and with force:
I rushed right up to him and flung my arms around his neck and hugged him.
She flung open the door and greeted us warmly.
59
Soirée
/swɑːˈreɪ/ formal
an evening party, often with musical entertainment
60
Cummerbund
Sash
a wide piece of cloth worn round the waist, especially by men, as part of formal or Western Asian clothing
61
Rap
[ I/T ] to hit suddenly and forcefully:
[ I ] We heard him rap on the door.
[ T ] She rapped the table to get everyone’s attention.
62
Tinsel
long pieces of thin, shiny material used as decoration, especially at Christmas:
a Christmas tree decorated with tinsel
63
Havoc
confusion and lack of order that result in damage or trouble:
The storm created complete havoc in the park.
64
Crèche
/kreʃ/
a place where young children are taken care of during the day while their parents do something else, especially work, study, or shop:
Her son was in the crèche while she worked.
There are no creche facilities provided for staff.
65
Retainer
old-fashioned a servant who has usually been with the same family for a long time:
a faithful old retainer
66
Opine
/oʊˈpaɪn/ formal
to express an opinion:
[ + speech ] Power grows from the barrel of a gun, opined Mao.
[ + that ] Ernest Rutherford opined that his work on radioactive substances would be of little or no practical use.
67
Tirade
Broadside
a long, angry speech expressing strong disapproval:
She launched into an angry/furious tirade about how she had been unfairly treated.
In a furious tirade of abuse, the opposition spokesperson demanded the minister's resignation.
a strong written or spoken attack (on someone):
The candidate fired/launched yet another broadside at the president.
Republicans launched another broadside at the president.
68
Yonder
Dated
in the place or direction shown; over there:
She lives in that town yonder.
69
Bedevil
Plague
to confuse, annoy, or cause problems or difficulties for someone or something:
Ever since I started playing tennis, I've been bedevilled by back pains.
Financial problems have been plaguing the company.
That pain in my shoulder is plaguing me again.
70
Rebut
Refute
fml to argue that a statement or claim is not true:
He appeared on TV to rebut the charges against him.
She has rebutted charges that she has been involved in any financial malpractice.
71
Faction
a group within a larger group, esp. one with slightly different ideas than the main group:
The president’s advisors represent every faction of his party.
72
Splinter group
a group of people who have left a political party or other organization and formed a new separate organization:
The Socialist Workers' Party seemed to split into several splinter groups.
73
Dear
mainly uk costing too much:
| The food was good but very dear.
74
Flank
to be at the side of someone or something:
Secret Service agents flanked the president’s car.
the side of something:
Troops attacked the enemy’s left flank.
A person’s or animal’s flanks are the sides of its body between the ribs and the hips.
75
Aver
formal to say that something is certainly true:
The lawyer averred her client's innocence.
[ + speech ] "He's guilty, I tell you," she averred.
[ + that ] She averred that he was guilty.
76
Ethos
the set of moral beliefs, attitudes, habits, etc., that are characteristic of a person or group:
Violence is part of their ethos.
national ethos
working-class ethos
The ethos of the traditional family firm is being threatened.
77
Nippy
Quick
uk informal able to change speed and direction easily:
a nippy little car
cold:
It’s a bit nippy outside.
78
Topical
relating to matters of importance at the present time:
It was an interesting discussion of topical issues in medicine.
a topical joke
The discussion focused on topical issues in medicine.
79
Cinder
Ember
a small piece of partly burned coal or wood:
Get rid of the cinders before you build a new fire.
The cake was burned to a cinder (= burned black).
We sat by the glowing/dying embers of the fire.
80
Fete
/feɪt/ uk us fair
a public event, often held outside, where you can take part in competitions and buy small things and food, often organized to collect money for a particular purpose:
a summer fete
They're holding the village fete on the green.
81
Dire
very serious or extreme:
Cheating will bring dire consequences.
These people are in dire need of help.
He gave a dire warning that an earthquake was imminent.
This decision will have dire consequences for local people.
82
Flummox
informal
to confuse someone so much that they do not know what to do:
I have to say that last question flummoxed me.
83
Dent
to make a small hollow mark in the surface of something:
I dropped a hammer on the floor, and it dented the floorboard.
a small, hollow mark in the surface of something caused by pressure or being hit:
She ran into my car and put a dent in it.
84
Humane
showing kindness, care, and sympathy toward others, esp. those who are suffering:
She felt it was more humane to kill the injured animal quickly than to let it suffer.
85
Sate
formal or literary
to satisfy someone by giving them something that is wanted or needed:
He searched for a book that would sate his desire for all the details of Olympic history.
86
Satiate
formal to completely satisfy yourself or a need, especially with food or pleasure, so that you could not have any more:
He drank greedily until his thirst was satiated.
87
Pantyhose
Pantihose/ tights
She bought a new pair of pantyhose.
Oh no, I've got a run/hole in my pantyhose.
88
Thaw
to cause something frozen and hard to become warmer and often softer or liquid:
Remove the meat from the freezer and let it thaw.
It may take a couple of hours to thaw out.
89
Ogle
to look at someone with obvious sexual interest:
| I saw you ogling the woman in the red dress!
90
Entail
formal to make something necessary, or to involve something:
Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.
[ + -ing verb ] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money.
91
Wan
Pallid
(of a person’s face or expression) pale, tired, or weak:
a wan smile
92
Gloat
to feel or express great pleasure or satisfaction because of your own success or good luck, or someone else's failure or bad luck:
She's continually gloating over/about her new job.
I know I shouldn't gloat, but it really serves him right.
His enemies were quick to gloat at his humiliation.
[ + speech ] "This is our fourth victory in a row," he gloated.
93
Stocky
(esp. of a man) wide and strong-looking:
He was shorter and stockier than I expected.
The man was described as short and stocky and very strong.
Thickset / heavyset
He is a heavyset man with a beautiful tenor voice.
A thickset young man appeared in the doorway.
94
Lanky
tall and thin and often tending to move awkwardly as a result:
He shifted his lanky body uncomfortably in the cramped airplane seat.
95
Gaunt
very thin, esp. because of illness or hunger:
He’s always been thin, but now he looks gaunt, his skin stretched tight over his bones.
96
Stooped
with the the top half of the body bent forward and down:
She is small and slightly stooped.
A stooped figure with a pronounced limp came out of the house.
97
Rugged
If you describe a man’s face as rugged, you mean it is strong and rough:
She fell for his rugged good looks.
(of land) wild and not even; not easy to travel over:
rugged landscape/terrain/hills/cliffs
98
Feature
[ C usually plural ] one of the parts of someone's face that you notice when you look at them:
He has wonderful strong features.
regular (= even and attractive) features
Her eyes are her best feature.
99
Ruddy
(of a white person’s skin) having a red color, often suggesting good health:
a ruddy-cheeked girl
He was ruddy-cheeked from the walk in the cold.
Her face was ruddy and healthy-looking.
100
Latch on
to begin to understand something:
| It took me ages to latch on to what she was talking about.
101
Latch onto
to stay close to someone or spend a lot of time with someone, usually when they do not want you near:
She latched onto me as soon as she arrived, and I had to spend the rest of the evening talking to her.
102
Gynaecologist
/ˌɡaɪ.nəˈkɑː.lə.dʒɪst/
a doctor skilled in the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs
นรีแพทย์
103
Foetal
connected with a foetus/fetus(= a young human being or animal before birth):
foetal abnormalities
The midwife failed to detect signs of foetal distress late in the woman's pregnancy.
104
Malignancy
/məˈlɪɡ·nən·si/ medical
tissue that is growing because of a disease process and that is likely to cause death:
[ U ] If this type of malignancy is discovered early enough, the outlook is pretty good.
[ C ] a slow-growing malignancy
105
Obstetrics
```
/ɑːbˈstet.rɪk/ specialized
relating to the area of medicine that deals with pregnancy and the birth of babies:
an obstetric ultrasound
obstetric history
```
106
Cohabit
formal
If two people, especially a man and woman who are not married, cohabit, they live together and have a sexual relationship:
About 23 percent of men and women aged 25 to 34 told researchers they had previously cohabited with a partner without it leading to marriage.
cohabiting couples
107
Allude to
Refer
to mention someone or something in a brief or indirect way:
He alluded to problems with the new computers.
She mentioned some trouble that she'd had at home and I guessed she was alluding to her son.
108
Pang
Twinge
a sudden, sharp feeling of pain or painful emotion:
hunger pangs
pangs of remorse
a pang of jealousy
We hadn't eaten since yesterday and the hunger pangs were getting harder to ignore.
109
Twinge
Pang
a sudden short feeling of physical or mental pain:
I felt a twinge in my knee.
He was feeling twinges from a calf injury after 20 minutes of the game.
I admit I felt a twinge of guilt as we left.
110
Disdain
Scorn
formal the feeling of not liking someone or something and thinking that they do not deserve your interest or respect:
He regards the political process with disdain.
to feel disdain for someone or something:
The older musicians disdain the new, rock-influenced music.
111
Idolise
Revere, worship, venerate
to love, admire, or respect someone greatly:
Her young fans idolize her.
Nelson Mandela is revered for his brave fight against apartheid.
112
Venerate
Revere, admire
Formal to honor or have great respect for a person or thing:
The American writer Mark Twain has been venerated for almost a century.
113
Flutter
to move in quick, irregular motions, or to cause something to move this way:
[ I ] The flags fluttered in the breeze.
Leaves fluttered DOWN onto the path.
Butterflies fluttered ABOUT in the sunshine.
a quick, irregular movement:
There was a flutter of wings overhead.
[ C usually singular ] uk informal a small bet (= money risked), especially on a horse race:
Auntie Paula likes to HAVE a bit of a flutter ON the horses.
114
Pertinent
Relevant, apposite
Formal relating directly to the subject being considered; relevant:
a pertinent question/remark
Chapter One is pertinent to the post-war period.
115
Apposite
Pertinent
formal suitable and right for the occasion:
an apposite phrase/quotation/remark
The film starts in a graveyard, an apposite image for the decaying society which is the theme of the film.
116
Apropos
/ˌæp.rəˈpoʊ/ formal
Adv., prep. used to introduce something that is related to or connected with something that has just been said:
I had an email from Sally yesterday - apropos (of) which, did you send her that article?
Apropos what you said yesterday, I think you made the right decision.
Adj. after verb
formal
Apposite, suitable in a particular situation or at a particular time:
clothes that are apropos to the occasion
117
Forgery
Counterfeit
an illegal copy of a document, painting, etc. or the crime of making such illegal copies:
These banknotes are forgeries.
He increased his income by forgery.
118
Counterfeit
Forgery
/ˈkɑʊn·tərˌfɪt/
copied exactly in order to make someone believe that the copy is the original:
A lot of brand-name merchandise sold on the streets is counterfeit.
Noun
The bank said this $100 bill was a counterfeit.
Verb
They were accused of counterfeiting credit cards and selling them.
119
Kerb
Curb
Pavement edge
the edge of a raised path nearest the road
120
Ignoble
formal morally bad and making you feel ashamed:
an ignoble action/idea
Base
literary
not showing any honour and having no morals:
I accused him of having base motives.
121
Adroit
very skilful and quick in the way you think or move:
an adroit reaction/answer/movement of the hand
She became adroit at dealing with difficult questions.
Noun adroitness , finesse
Opp. Maladroit
122
Maladroit
formal awkward in movement or unskilled in behaviour or action:
She can be a little maladroit in social situations.
Opp. Adroit
123
Finesse
/fɪˈnes/
great skill or style:
She has handled these difficult negotiations with real finesse.
to deal with a situation or a person in a skilful and often slightly dishonest way:
She finessed the interview by playing down her lack of experience and talking about her long-standing interest in the field.
to improve something so it is the best it can possibly be:
After they'd finessed the software, they followed the people using it for several months.
124
Orifice
Opening
/ˈɔːr.ə.fɪs/
an opening or hole, especially one in the body, such as the mouth:
humorous: I was stuffing cake into every available orifice.
formal The driver was bleeding from every orifice.
125
Odds and ends
Oddments
Informal
uk also odds and sods
Miscellaneous items
various things of different types, usually small and not important, or of little value:
I took most of the big things to the new house, but there are a few odds and ends left to pick up.
126
Oddments
small pieces, usually of cloth, that have been cut from larger pieces:
a few oddments of fabric
small things, objects, or pieces of something, usually of many different types:
The magazine has reviews and news plus letters and other oddments.
Only small oddments of fabric are needed.
127
Decapitate
behead
to cut off the head of a person
128
Appease
Pacify, propitiate
Disapproving (in arguments or war) to prevent further disagreement by giving to the other side something that they have demanded:
They questioned whether, in his desire to appease the conservatives in his own party, the president was selling out to them.
She claimed that the government had only changed the law in order to appease their critics.
129
Propitiate
formal
appease
to please and make calm a god or person who is annoyed with you:
In those days people might sacrifice a goat or sheep to propitiate an angry god.
The radicals in the party were clearly sacked to propitiate the conservative core.
130
Placate
Appease, pacify
to stop someone from feeling angry:
She’s more easily placated than her husband.
Outraged minority groups will not be placated by promises of future improvements.
131
Requite
formal to give or do something in return for something given to you or done for you:
Requited love is not enough to sustain a long-term relationship.
132
Avenge
Revenge
Formal to do harm to or punish the person responsible for something bad done to you or your family or friends in order to achieve a fair situation:
He swore he would avenge his brother's death.
She determined to avenge herself on the killer.
In the second half of the movie, they team up to avenge the wrongs done to them.
133
Affront
Insult
a remark or action intended to insult or upset someone:
Such statements are an affront to people of conscience.
He regarded the comments as an affront TO his dignity.
134
Subsist
Survive
Formal to obtain enough food or money to stay alive:
These people subsist on rice, beans, fruits, and vegetables.
The prisoners were subsisting on a diet of bread and water.
135
Tardy
Belated
formal slow or late in happening or arriving:
a tardy payment/delivery
You were tardy for school twice in the last week.
Dinner was somewhat delayed on account of David's rather tardy arrival.
136
Repast
literary
a meal:
Yet that simple repast was fit for a king.
137
Regimen
Diet
a set of rules about food, exercise, or behavior that you follow, esp. in order to improve your health:
His doctor put him on a strict regimen of exercise and low-fat food.
After his heart attack the doctor put him on a strict regimen.
138
Regiment
A large group of soldiers combining several battalions or (more generally) any large number of things or people:
Regiments are usually commanded by a colonel and are sometimes made up of soldiers from a particular city or part of the country.
139
Hives
A condition in which a person’s skin develops swollen red areas, often suddenly, esp. as a reaction to something the person has eaten:
Eating shellfish makes me break out in hives.
140
Douse
Extinguish
/dɑʊs, dɑʊz/
to throw water or another liquid on someone or something:
To get rid of weeds, I douse them with plain white vinegar.
fig. The room was doused in light.
To douse something is also to end it, esp. to extinguish (= stop) a fire by putting water on it:
Efforts to douse the flames were hampered by high winds.
Douse the lights (= turn off the lights).
141
Abrade
Scrape
to remove part of the surface of something by rubbing
142
Blot
a small area of ink made by mistake:
an ink blot
to dry a wet surface, or writing done in ink, by pressing something soft against it:
I signed my name and blotted the paper.
She put on her lipstick and then carefully blotted her lips with a tissue.
143
Smear
to spread something soft or wet over a surface:
Mom smeared peanut butter and grape jelly on bagels for lunch.
a dirty mark on a surface made by something soft or wet:
He had a smear of paint on his shirt.
144
Angst
a feeling of extreme anxiety and unhappiness:
The boy’s mysterious disappearance has caused angst and guilt for the family.
All my children went through a period of late-adolescent angst.
145
Overhaul
to repair or improve something so it works well:
They repaired and maintained aircraft and overhauled their engines.
Congressional leaders are considering overhauling the Clean Air Act.
I think our justice system needs a major overhaul.
146
Validate
to make something officially acceptable or approved:
A signature is one of the ways you validate checks and contracts.
The data is validated automatically by the computer after it has been entered.
147
epidemiology
ระบาดวิทยา
the scientific study of diseases and how they are found, spread, and controlled in groups of people
148
Compatible
able to exist or work with something else, or (of a person) able to live or work with someone else:
The computer software isn’t compatible with your operating system.
Levine said he is lucky he and his roommate are compatible.
Their blood types are not compatible, so we cannot use his blood.
149
Contraceptive
any of various devices or drugs intended to prevent pregnancy:
The clinic provides a free supply of contraceptives upon request.
150
Pressing
urgent or needing to be dealt with immediately:
a pressing need for housing
a pressing issue
The most pressing question is what do we do next?
151
Legitimacy
the fact of being allowed by law or done according to the rules of an organization or activity:
the legitimacy of sth
Several judges expressed doubts as to the legitimacy of the tribunal.
question/challenge/accept the legitimacy of sth
Findings by the Ombudsman also question the legitimacy of banks and building societies imposing restrictions which limit savers' choice.
the state of being fair or honest:
The legitimacy of awarding large bonuses to senior executives is being increasingly called into question.
confer/add/gain legitimacy Organizations are often pressurized to adopt the same practices or structures as other firms in order to gain legitimacy.
152
Vaping
the use of e-cigarettes or other devices that let you breathe in nicotine or other drugs as vapour rather than smoke:
concerns about the safety of vaping
153
Exacerbate
to make something that is already bad even worse:
This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.
Her allergy was exacerbated by the dust.
154
Cessation
formal
the fact of something ending or stopping:
The company has now stopped trading and has announced the cessation of its business.
155
Embody
formal to represent a quality or an idea exactly:
She embodied (the ideals of) good sportsmanship on the playing field.
to include as part of something:
Kennett embodied in one man an unusual range of science, music, and religion.
156
Embodiment
the embodiment of sth
someone or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly:
He was the embodiment of the English gentleman.
She was portrayed in the papers as the embodiment of evil.
157
Implore
to ask someone to do or not do something in a very sincere, emotional, and determined way:
She implored her parents not to send her away to school.
158
Predispose
to influence someone to behave or think in a particular way or to have a particular condition:
Individualism predisposes many people to look for individual solutions to social problems.
Your family history can help a doctor determine if you are predisposed to developing heart disease.
159
Lozenge
a small, flat sweet that you suck to make a cough or sore throat feel better:
a cough lozenge
160
Abstinence
the fact of not doing something, such as drinking alcohol or having sex:
Smoking abstinence
The best way to avoid pregnancy is total abstinence from sex.
161
Compliance
formal the act of obeying an order, rule, or request:
It is the job of the inspectors to enforce compliance with the regulations.
The company said that it had always acted in compliance with environmental laws.
Ant.
Non-compliance
Non-compliance with environmental laws can be both costly and dangerous.
162
Apportion
Allot
formal to give or share out something, especially blame or money, among several people or things:
When we know how much is profit, then we can apportion the money among/between us.
The investigation into the air crash would inevitably apportion blame to certain members of the crew.
163
Retribution
Revenge
deserved punishment:
He was seeking retribution for the crime committed against him.
164
Bruiser
informal disapproving
a big, strong, rough man:
He's an ugly bruiser - I wouldn't like to meet him in a dark alley!
165
Slur
Insult
to harm someone's reputation by criticizing them:
The report slurs both the teachers and students.
166
Pompous
disapproving
feeling or showing that you think you are better or more important than other people:
I regarded him as somewhat pompous and opinionated.
167
Opinionated
disapproving
An opinionated person is certain about their beliefs, and expresses their ideas strongly and often:
He was opinionated and selfish, but undeniably clever.
168
Stilted
/ˈstɪl.tɪd/ disapproving
(of a person's behaviour or way of speaking or writing) too formal and not smooth or natural:
He writes in a formal and somewhat stilted style.
Legal language tends to be very stilted.
The dialogue sounded stilted and unnatural, perhaps because of the translation from the original Russian.
169
Impede
formal
to make it more difficult for something to happen or more difficult for someone to do something:
Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way.
Shortages of medicine were impeding the effort to control diseases.
170
Esteem
Revere
formal
respect for or a good opinion of someone:
There has been a drop in public esteem for teachers.
Because of their achievements they were held in (= given) (high) esteem.
171
Ablaze
```
burning very strongly:
The house was ablaze, and the flames and smoke could be seen for miles around.
brightly lit or brightly coloured:
The ballroom was ablaze with lights.
The field was ablaze with wild flowers.
full of energy, interest, or emotion:
Her eyes were ablaze with excitement.
```
172
Aflame
burning:
The whole village was aflame.
red or gold, as if burning:
It was autumn and the trees were aflame with colour.
Her cheeks were aflame with embarrassment/anger.
very excited:
Aflame with desire, he took her in his arms.
173
Vendetta
a strong desire to harm a person or group, often because of political reasons or feelings of hate:
They accused the special prosecutor of carrying on a vendetta against the White House.
174
Feud
/fjuːd/
an argument that has existed for a long time between two people or groups, causing a lot of anger or violence:
a family feud
a ten-year-old feud between the two countries
a bitter feud over land
They've been feuding with their neighbours for years over a boundary issue.
175
Lug
informal
to carry or pull something with effort or difficulty because it is heavy:
I'm exhausted after lugging these suitcases all the way across the city.
I don't want to lug these shopping bags around with me all day.
176
Tote
informal
to carry something, especially something heavy or awkward:
She usually toted the baby around in a backpack.
The building was surrounded with bodyguards toting sub-machine guns.
Gun-toting security men were posted at all the entrances.
177
Congeal
to change from a liquid or soft state to a thick or solid state:
The blood had congealed in thick black clots.
The grease in the frying pan congealed as it cooled.
178
Tumult
a loud noise, especially that produced by an excited crowd, or a state of confusion, change, or uncertainty:
You couldn't hear her speak over the tumult from the screaming fans.
From every direction, people were running and shouting and falling over each other in a tumult of confusion.
The financial markets are in tumult.
179
Travesty
formal
Parody
something that fails to represent the values and qualities that it is intended to represent, in a way that is shocking or offensive:
Their production of "Sweeney Todd" was the worst I've ever seen - it was a travesty.
Langdale described the court ruling as a travesty of justice.
180
Oscillate
to move repeatedly from one position to another:
The needle on the dial oscillated between full and empty.
formal If you oscillate between feelings or opinions, you change repeatedly from one to the other:
My emotions oscillate between desperation and hope.
oscillate between sth and sth The stock has spent most of the past five years oscillating between $3 and $5.
The FTSE 100 index closed up 2.4%, having oscillated wildly throughout the week.
181
Swoon
to have a feeling of extreme pleasure or happiness:
Sarah swooned when her baby was handed to her.
The audience swooned with delight.
dated
to faint (= become unconscious)
182
Tread and thin line
walk a thin line
To navigate or strike a balance between two sides, positions, or approaches to something, especially when trying to avoid one of them.
The film walks a thin line between parody and homage.
As a new parent, you have to walk a thin line between looking out for your child's welfare and being overprotective.
183
Hunch
an idea that is based on feeling and for which there is no proof:
[ + that ] I had a hunch that you'd be here.
Sometimes you have to be prepared to act on/follow a hunch.
to lean forward with your shoulders raised or to bend your back and shoulders into a rounded shape:
We hunched round the fire to keep warm.
Stand up straight and don't hunch your back.
184
Platonic
A platonic relationship or emotion is loving but not sexual:
| She knew he was attracted to her, but preferred to keep their relationship platonic.
185
Shortcoming
a fault or a failure to reach a particular standard:
Whatever his shortcomings as a husband, he was a good father to his children.
Like any political system, it has its shortcomings.
186
Inclusivity
the quality of trying to include many different types of people and treat them all fairly and equally:
The candidate said she believed in inclusivity and she valued the city's gay community.
187
Prosthesis
an artificial body part, such as an arm, foot, or tooth, that replaces a missing part
188
Contentious
causing , involving, or likely to cause disagreement and argument:
a contentious decision/policy/issue/subject
She has some very contentious views on education.
The director had a contentious relationship with the eccentric actor.
189
Compatibility
the fact of being able to be used with a particular type of computer, machine, device, etc.:
I am not impressed by the file compatibility with previous versions.
190
Integral
necessary and important as a part of a whole:
He's an integral part of the team and we can't do without him.
Bars and terrace cafés are integral to the social life of the city.
191
Tether
[ T ] to tie something, especially an animal to a post or other fixed place, with a rope or chain:
Do not tether the goats and do not keep them indoors.
A harness would have helped tether him to the boat.
to use a mobile phone as a wireless internet connection to which you can connect other devices, or to be able to be used in this way:
You can tether your phone for use as a modem.
This particular phone does not tether.
192
Contradictory
If two or more facts, pieces of advice, etc. are contradictory, they are very different from each other:
I keep getting contradictory advice - some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.
193
Touchy
Testy, easily offended or upset:
You have to be careful what you say to Kevin - he's rather touchy.
She's very touchy about the fact that her wife was married before.
needing to be dealt with carefully:
This is a touchy subject/issue/point, so we'd better avoid it.
194
Benefactor
donor
someone who gives money to help an organization, society, or person
They hope to find a benefactor, and turn the factory into a museum.
195
Appease
disapproving
to prevent further disagreement in arguments or war by giving to the opposing side an advantage that they have demanded:
She claimed that the government had only changed the law in order to appease their critics.
196
Gratify
to please someone, or to satisfy a wish or need:
We were gratified by the response to our appeal.
[ + to infinitive ] He was gratified to see how well his students had done.
197
Extol
Praise Laud
Formal to praise something or someone very much:
His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies.
She is forever extolling the virtues of her children.
198
Assorted
Diverse
consisting of various types mixed together:
a case of assorted wines
199
Strew
to spread things in an untidy way over a surface
to scatter things over a surface:
Wine bottles and dirty dishes were strewn across the lawn.
Her clothes lay strewn on the floor.
The park was strewn with litter after the concert.
200
Veracity
formal the quality of being true, honest, or accurate:
| Doubts were cast on the veracity of her alibi.
201
Posit
Suggest
formal to suggest something as a basic fact or principle from which a further idea is formed or developed:
[ + that ] If we posit that wage rises cause inflation, it follows that we should try to minimize them.
202
Fester
If a cut or other injury festers, it becomes infected and produces pus.น้ำเหลือง:
a festering sore
If a bad situation such as an argument festers, it becomes worse because it is being ignored:
It was better that she expressed her anger rather than let it fester inside her.
a festering argument/dispute
203
Apprise
formal to tell someone about something:
The president has been apprised of the situation.
The parents were apprised of their son’s injuries.
204
Pratfall
an embarrassing defeat or failure:
Most of us get over the pratfalls of childhood.
205
Bolster
to support or improve something or make it stronger:
More money is needed to bolster the industry.
She tried to bolster my confidence/morale (= encourage me and make me feel stronger) by telling me that I had a special talent.
They need to do something to bolster their image.
