Review 9 Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
Recital
A
/rɪˈsaɪ.t̬əl/
a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group of people:
I went to a violin recital today.
He is giving a recital of Bach’s sonatas.
a detailed description of something or a list of things:
She gave us a long, boring recital of all her troubles.
2
Q
Accolade
A
/ˈæk.ə.leɪd/
praise and approval:
He’s been granted the ultimate accolade - his face on a postage stamp.
Her approval was the highest accolade he could receive.
3
Q
Engrossed
A
/ɪnˈɡroʊst/
absorbed
giving all your attention to something:
We were engrossed in conversation.
She was so engrossed by/in the book that she forgot the cookies in the oven.
They were so engrossed in/with what they were doing that they didn’t hear me come in.
4
Q
Anglophile
A
/ˈæŋ.ɡlə.faɪl/
a person who is not English but is interested in, likes, or supports England or the UK
5
Q
Bleak
A
(esp. of a place or the weather) cold and not welcoming:
It was a bleak, unpleasant day in December.
The house stands on a bleak, windswept hilltop.
Bleak also means without hope:
With no job, the future looked bleak.
The economic outlook is bleak.
6
Q
Fit
A
a sudden, brief period when something happens that is beyond your control:
a coughing/sneezing fit
Epilepsy can cause severe fits (= sudden muscle movements that you cannot control).
an experience of a strong emotion or reaction:
a fit of laughter/jealousy
[ C ] A fit can be a feeling or expression of great anger:
Your mother will have/throw a fit when she sees this mess.
7
Q
Skirmish
A
/ˈskɝː.mɪʃ/
to fight for a short time with a small group of people, away from the main area of fighting in a war:
Police and protesters skirmished in the chilly rain.
Rebels skirmished with nearby American forces.
to argue for a short time:
Although many legal disputes were resolved, lawyers still were skirmishing yesterday in a few places.
The parties skirmished about attorney fees.
(in wars) a short fight that is usually not planned and happens away from the main area of fighting, or any short fight:
Government troops lost a minor skirmish.
The court skirmish over video rights to the movie continues.
a short argument:
There was a short skirmish between the two of them over who would pay for the meal.
8
Q
Condition
A
to train or influence a person or animal mentally so that they do or expect a particular thing without thinking about it:
a conditioned reflex/response
[ + to infinitive ] Pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell.
Women were conditioned to expect lower wages than men.
9
Q
Gusto
A
/ˈɡʌs·toʊ/
eager enjoyment experienced when doing something:
We ate and drank with gusto.
10
Q
Dossier
A
/ˈdɑː.si.eɪ/
a set of papers containing information about a person, often a criminal, or on any subject:
The secret service probably has a dossier on all of us.
Customs & Excise has given the committee a six-page dossier on the activities of the company.
prepare/compile/keep a dossier
She presented a dossier of customer complaints to the bank.
11
Q
Robocall
A
/ˈroʊ.boʊ.kɑːl/
a telephone call made automatically by a computer, giving a recorded message, or the system of using such calls:
Most people hang up in the first minute when they get a robocall.
He will even take a robocall during dinner.
We’ve done robocall campaigns at every political level.
12
Q
Cranial
A
/ˈkreɪ.ni.əl/
of the skull
13
Q
Fuddy-Duddy
A
/ˈfʌd.iˌdʌd.i/
a person who has old-fashioned ideas and opinions:
They think I’m an old fuddy-duddy because I don’t approve of tattoos.
14
Q
Tampering
A
the illegal act of touching or making changes to something when you should not:
Medications are sent in sealed factory containers which protect against tampering.
tampering with sth They were charged with tampering with evidence.
product/evidence/records tampering
15
Q
Sacrilege
A
/ˈsæk·rə·lɪdʒ/
the failure to treat something holy with the respect it should have, or an example of this:
[ U ] Many thought it was sacrilege to move the bones to another place.
He considered the artwork to be sacrilegious.
16
Q
Audicity
A
/ɔˈdæs·ɪ·t̬i/
Temerity
unusually strong and esp. rude confidence in yourself:
[ + to infinitive ] Our mayor has the audacity to claim credit for improvements he had nothing to do with.
It took a lot of audacity to stand up and criticize the chairman.
disapproving He had the audacity to blame me for his mistake!
17
Q
Temerity
A
/təˈmer.ə.t̬i/
audacity
a willingness to do or say something that shocks or upsets other people:
[ + to infinitive ] She had the temerity to call me a liar.
18
Q
Entrant
A
/ˈen.trənt/
a person who becomes a member of a group or organization:
new entrants to the school/company
a person who takes part in a competition or an exam:
All entrants complete two three-hour papers.
a company that starts selling a particular product or service, or selling in a particular place, for the first time:
As a recent entrant to the Japanese market, the company is at a disadvantage compared to Japanese suppliers.
19
Q
Familial
A
/fəˈmɪl.i.əl/ similar to that in a family: a familial relationship affecting several members of the same family: a familial disease
20
Q
Capitulate
A
/kəˈpɪtʃ·əˌleɪt/
to accept defeat, or to give up or give in:
I capitulated and let my daughter go with her friends.
Their forces capitulated five hours after the bombardment of the city began.
The sports minister today capitulated to calls for his resignation.
This was not a capitulation but an agreement.
21
Q
Insomniac
A
/ɪnˈsɑːm.ni.æk/
someone who often finds it difficult to sleep
22
Q
Benign
A
/bɪˈnɑɪn/
pleasant and kind; not harmful or severe:
a benign smile
His humor was benign, never cruel or hurtful.
medical (of a disease or tissue growing because of a disease) not likely to result in death:
a benign tumor
23
Q
Discolor
A
/dɪsˈkʌl·ər/
to cause a substance or material to change from its original color when you do not want it to:
[ T ] Direct sunlight will discolor this fabric.
Skin discoloration
24
Q
Fraudulent
A
intended to deceive people for the purpose of obtaining money or property:
There’s been a rise in fraudulent insurance claims.
dishonest and illegal:
A worrying trend for insurers has been a rise in fraudulent claims.
25
Stillbirth
/ˈstɪlˌbɜrθ/
the birth of a baby who has already died inside the mother
26
Unmet
```
/ʌnˈmet/
not satisfied, or achieved:
These children have many unmet needs.
The demand for affordable housing is largely unmet.
```
27
Mushroom
to grow quickly:
If your business were to mushroom, would you be happy?
The number of computers in schools has mushroomed in recent years.
28
Sow
to cause a bad emotion or condition to begin somewhere so that it will grow or continue:
Now that you've sown doubts in my mind, I'll never be sure I can trust him.
29
Discord
/ˈdɪs·kɔrd/
a lack of agreement or feeling of trust between people:
The plan to build the highway created discord in our community.
A note of discord has crept into relations between the two countries.
30
Standoff
/ˈstændˌɔf/
stalemate
a situation in which neither side has won a competition or argument, or an occasion when someone prevents officials from acting, usually by threatening violence:
The battle of wills between teacher and student was a standoff.
She locked herself in the house, but after a brief standoff, police convinced her to come out.
31
Stalemate
/ˈsteɪlˌmeɪt/
a situation in which nothing can change or no action can be taken:
[ U ] Stalemate in Congress over education reform has made voters angry.
[ C ] The arrival of fresh troops broke the military stalemate.
Tomorrow's meeting between the two leaders is expected to break a diplomatic stalemate that has lasted for ten years.
Despite long discussions, the workers and the management remain locked in stalemate.
32
Contentious
/kənˈten.ʃəs/
causing , involving, or likely to cause disagreement and argument:
a contentious decision/policy/issue/subject
She has some very contentious views on education.
The director had a contentious relationship with the eccentric actor.
33
Contentiousness
/kənˈten.ʃəs.nəs/
the fact of being contentious (= causing or likely to cause disagreement):
The debate highlights the contentiousness of the plan.
The book's contentiousness is part of the reason why it's such a great read.
disagreement and argument:
There has been increasing contentiousness between the two politicians.
34
Contention
the disagreement that results from opposing arguments:
There's a lot of contention about that issue - for every person firmly in favour, there's someone fiercely against it.
The issue has been settled - it's no longer in contention.
formal an opinion expressed in an argument:
[ + that ] It is her contention that exercise is more important than diet if you want to lose weight.
be in/out of contention for sth
to be able/not able to achieve or win something, especially in sports:
This loss puts them out of contention for the playoffs this year.
35
Issuance
issue noun :
$715,000 was provided from the issuance of common stock.
stock/bond issuance The firm plans to raise at least $500 million through a bond issuance denominated in dollars.
36
Antagonize
/ænˈtæɡ·əˌnɑɪz/
to anger someone enough to dislike and oppose you:
The company doesn’t want to antagonize one of its biggest oil suppliers.
It's a very delicate situation and I've no wish to antagonize him.
37
Restive
/ˈres·tɪv/
restless
unwilling to be controlled or be patient:
The crowd began to get restive during the long wait for the concert to begin.
38
Restless
moving because you are unable to relax, esp. because you are worried or bored, or (of an activity) having a lot of movement as a characteristic:
He dozed off to a restless sleep.
The audience began to get restless.
Restless can also mean not satisfied with your situation and wanting a change:
The opposition parties provide no clear alternative for restless voters.
39
Offset
to balance one influence against an opposing influence so that no great difference results:
The extra cost of commuting to work from the suburbs is offset by cheaper rents.
He keeps his petrol receipts because petrol is one of the expenses that he can offset against tax (= can show to the government as being a business cost, and so not pay tax).
40
Bloc
a group of countries or people that have similar political interests:
The European Union is a powerful trading/trade bloc.
the former Eastern/Communist bloc countries
EU heads of state agreed on the bloc's environmental goals at a meeting on March 9.
41
Separatist
/ˈsep·ər·ə·t̬ɪst/
someone who supports an effort to become independent of the country or group to which the person belongs:
Albanian/Basque/Chechen separatists
42
Bristle
(of hairs) to stand up because of fear or anger, or (of people) to show anger:
The cat’s fur bristled.
She bristles at injustice.
to react angrily:
She bristled at the suggestion that she had in any way neglected the child.
43
Paramilitary
/ˌpær·əˈmɪl·ɪˌter·i/
similar to an army, but not official and sometimes not legal:
paramilitary forces
connected with and helping the official armed forces:
In some countries, police and firefighters have paramilitary training.
44
Secession
/sɪsˈeʃ.ən/
the act of becoming independent and no longer part of a country, area, organization, etc.:
Norway's secession from Sweden in 1905
45
Secede
/sɪˈsid/
US history to decide not to continue to be part of a larger group or organization:
The American Civil War began when the South seceded from the Union.
There is likely to be civil war if the region tries to secede from the south.
46
Seethe
to feel very angry but to be unable or unwilling to express it clearly:
The rest of the class positively seethed with indignation when Julia won the award.
By the end of the meeting he was seething.
(of a large number or amount) to move around energetically in a small space:
The streets were seething (= busy and crowded) with tourists.
47
Set on
[ often passive ] to attack someone:
He was set upon by a vicious dog.
to surround or catch someone and prevent them from escaping:
As he left the theatre, the singer was set upon by fans desperate for autographs.
48
Get at
to criticize a person repeatedly:
He keeps getting at me and I really don't know what I've done wrong.
to reach something:
I keep cleaning supplies on a high shelf where my three-year-old can’t get at them.
49
Bigot
/ˈbɪɡ.ət/
a person who has strong, unreasonable beliefs and who does not like other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life:
a religious bigot
He was known to be a loud-mouthed, opinionated bigot.
50
Slur
words intended to insult someone or injure someone's reputation:
He apologized for shouting an ethnic slur at a fan.
Her letter contained several outrageous slurs against/on her former colleagues.
His comments cast a slur on the integrity of his employees.
to harm someone's reputation by criticizing them:
The report slurs both the teachers and students.
a way of pronouncing the sounds of a word that is unclear, uncontrolled, or wrong:
The drug affected her vision and made her speak with a slur.
to pronounce the sounds of a word in a way that is wrong or not clear:
Her speech was slurred but she still denied she was drunk.
51
Fine-tune
/ˌfaɪnˈtuːn/
to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible:
She spent hours fine-tuning her speech.
The training program helped him fine-tune his skill set.
The company's aim is to fine-tune its manufacturing system.
fine-tuning
There is some fine-tuning to be done, but the majority of the work on the marketing concept has been done.
52
Fabricate
/ˈfæb.rɪ.keɪt/
to invent or produce something false in order to deceive someone:
He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble.
He claims that the police fabricated evidence against him.
especially us to produce a product, especially in an industrial process:
The company fabricates and sells steel.
An electronic circuit is fabricated on a silicon wafer.
53
Insinuate
/ɪnˈsɪn·juˌeɪt/
to express but not directly state something:
What exactly are you insinuating?
[ + (that) clause ] She insinuated (that) I’m getting fat.
Contrary to your insinuation, we are not being unreasonable.
54
Rebuttal
/rɪˈbʌt̬.əl/
a statement that says that something is not true:
She issued a point-by-point rebuttal of the company's accusations.
She issued a rebuttal of the charges.
55
Definitive
/dɪˈfɪn.ə.t̬ɪv/
C2 not able to be changed or improved:
a definitive judgment/ruling
There are no definitive answers/solutions to this problem.
The police have no definitive proof of her guilt.
considered to be the best of its type:
He's written the definitive guide to Thailand.
/dɪˈfɪn.ə.t̬ɪv.li/
in a way that is not able to be changed or improved:
The President has spoken definitively about the situation in the region.
The link between lung cancer and air pollution has not been definitively proved.
56
Compulsive
/kəmˈpʌl.sɪv/
C2 doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it:
a compulsive liar/thief/eater
compulsive gambling
a compulsive eating disorder
C2 If a film, play, sports event, book, etc. is compulsive, it is so interesting or exciting that you do not want to stop watching or reading it:
I always find programmes about hospitals compulsive viewing.
Her latest book is compulsive reading/a compulsive read.
57
Buoy
to make someone feel happier or more confident about a situation:
She was buoyed (up) by the warm reception her audience gave her.
I was really buoyed by the nice comments on my work.
to support something and make it more successful:
House prices have been buoyed (up) in the area by the possibility of a new factory opening.
58
Extol
/ɪkˈstoʊl/ -ll-
to praise something or someone very much:
His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies.
She is forever extolling the virtues of her children.
59
Apt
be apt to do sth/be apt to be sth
to be likely to do something or to often do something:
The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.
She's in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful.
60
Speculate
to guess possible answers to a question when you do not have enough information to be certain:
I don't know why she did it - I'm just speculating.
A spokesperson declined to speculate on the cause of the train crash.
Journalists are speculating about whether interest rates will be cut.
[ + that ] The newspapers have speculated that they will get married next year.
to buy and sell in the hope that the value of what you buy will increase and that it can then be sold at a higher price in order to make a profit:
He made his money speculating on the London gold and silver markets.
The company has been speculating in property for years.
61
Interweave
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈwiːv/ interwove | interwoven
to twist together or combine two or more things so that they cannot be separated easily:
She has created an intriguing story by skilfully interweaving fictional and historical events.
62
Tribulation
A problem or difficulty
```
trials and tribulations
literary or humorous
troubles and events that cause suffering:
the trials and tribulations of marriage
```
63
Vain
unsuccessful; of no value:
The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the vain hope that he might recover.
formal It was vain to pretend to himself that he was not disappointed.
in vain
C1 unsuccessfully:
I tried in vain to start a conversation.
All the police's efforts to find him were in vain.
64
Cohort
/ˈkoʊ.hɔːrt/
social science specialized a group of people who share a characteristic, usually age:
This study followed up a cohort of 386 patients aged 65+ for six months after their discharge home.
disapproving a group of people who support a particular person, usually a leader:
The Mayor and his cohorts have abused their positions of power.
65
Troll
a message that someone leaves on the internet that is intended to annoy people:
A well-constructed troll will provoke irate or confused responses from flamers and newbies.
to search among a large number or many different places in order to find people or information you want:
They are trolling the internet for new customers.
to leave an insulting message on the internet in order to annoy someone:
He's already getting trolled on social media for his comments after the game.
66
Radio silence
/ˈreɪ.di.oʊ ˌsaɪ.ləns/
a period of time when nothing is broadcast by radio:
Radio silence may be imposed on other stations during a distress call.
a period of time when someone does not communicate with another person or other people:
He texted me every day for a week, and then: radio silence.
67
Maddening
/ˈmæd.ən.ɪŋ/
making you angry:
She has a maddening habit of interrupting me when I'm talking to her.
68
Incense
/ɪnˈsens/
to cause someone to be extremely angry:
The editor said a lot of readers would be incensed by my article on class.
I was so incensed by what he was saying I had to walk out.
extremely angry:
The villagers are incensed at the decision to close the railway station.
69
Deluge
```
/ˈdel.juːdʒ/
a very large amount of rain or water:
This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily.
a deluge of sth
a lot of something:
The newspaper received a deluge of complaints/letters/phone calls about the article.
```
70
Outstrip
/ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/ -pp-
to be or become greater in amount, degree, or success than something or someone:
The demand for food in the war zone now far outstrips supply.
Synonyms
outdistance
outperform
71
Intervention
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈven.ʃən/
C2 action taken to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse:
Half the people questioned said they were opposed to military intervention (in the civil war).
Repeated interventions on the currency markets have failed to prevent the value of the currency falling.
72
Clunky
heavy and solid in an ugly way:
The clunky handsets looked old-fashioned as soon as they were launched.
He wore a clunky gold ring.
awkward or badly done:
The writing is clunky in places and full of clichés.
73
Blob
a fat, round drop, usually of something sticky or thick:
| a blob of glue/paint
74
Ply
to sell or to work regularly at something, especially at a job that involves selling things:
Fishermen in small boats ply their trade up and down the coast.
Dealers are openly plying drugs in school playgrounds.
The market traders were loudly plying their wares.
ply for business, trade, etc.
to try to get customers for your business in a public place, for example, as a taxi driver, by driving around or waiting in a regular place:
uk There are never any taxis plying for trade/hire in our area.
I noticed a couple of prostitutes plying for business on the corner.
old-fashioned When a boat, train, bus, etc. plies a particular route, it makes that journey regularly:
High-speed trains regularly ply between Paris and Lyons.
This airline has been plying the transatlantic route for many years.
75
Enrapture
/ɪnˈræp.tʃɚ/
to give someone very great pleasure:
The performance enraptured adults and children alike.
/ɪnˈræp.tʃɚd/
filled with great pleasure or extremely pleased by something:
The audience was enraptured by the young soloist's performance.
76
Emulate
/ˈem·jəˌleɪt/
to copy someone’s behavior or try to be like someone else because you admire or respect that person:
Officials are looking to emulate successful ideas from other cities.
He just wants to emulate his dad.
They hope to emulate the success of other software companies.
Fitzgerald is eager to emulate Martin's record of three successive world titles.
77
Decadent
/ˈdek.ə.dənt/
corrupt
A decadent person or group has low moral standards:
a decadent society
the decadent court surrounding the king
humorous Champagne and chocolates for breakfast - how decadent!
78
Corrupt
decadent
dishonestly using your position or power to get an advantage, especially for money:
Both companies are under investigation for corrupt practices.
The whole system was corrupt - every official she approached wanted money before helping her.
morally bad:
a corrupt society
to make someone dishonest and willing to use their position or power for personal advantage, esp. to get money:
Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
Don’t let your friends corrupt you (= have a bad moral influence on you).
79
Exodus
/ˈek.sə.dəs/
the movement of a lot of people from a place:
There has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to the towns.
The hurricane warning caused a mass exodus.
80
Capricious
/kəˈprɪʃ.əs/
impulsive fickle
changing mood or behaviour suddenly and unexpectedly:
a capricious child
He was a cruel and capricious tyrant.
likely to change, or reacting to a sudden desire or new idea:
We have had very capricious weather lately.
81
Fickle
Capricious
disapproving likely to change your opinion or your feelings suddenly and without a good reason:
She's so fickle - she's never been interested in the same man for more than a week!
The world of popular music is notoriously fickle.
Fickle conditions are likely to change suddenly and without warning:
Fickle winds made sailing conditions difficult.
82
Await
/əˈweɪt/
expect
to wait for or be waiting for something:
He's anxiously awaiting his test results.
A marvellous reception awaited me on my first day at work.
The long/eagerly awaited sequel is now available online.
83
Scowl
/skaʊl/
to look at someone or something with a very annoyed expression:
The boy scowled at her and reluctantly followed her back into school.
a very annoyed expression:
She was clearly annoyed, as you could tell from the scowl on her face.
He opened the door again, not bothering to hide his fierce scowl.
84
Provenance
/ˈprɑː.vən.əns/
the place of origin of something:
jewels of uncertain provenance
This raised doubts about the provenance of the painting.
I don't need to see a label to identify the provenance of a garment that someone is wearing.
85
Vet
/vet/ -tt-
to examine something or someone carefully to make certain that they are acceptable or suitable:
During the war, the government vetted all news reports before they were published.
The bank carefully vets everyone who applies for an account.
All agencies must carefully vet new workers.
Before we signed this contract, our lawyer vetted it.
86
Restitution
/ˌres.təˈtuː.ʃən/
formal the return of objects that were stolen or lost:
They are demanding the restitution of ancient treasures that were removed from the country in the 16th century.
They are demanding the restitution of the stolen paintings to the museum.
law specialized payment made for damage or loss:
The chemical company promised to make full restitution to the victims for the injury to their health.
87
Outlaw
/ˈaʊt.lɑː/
to make something illegal or unacceptable:
The new law will outlaw smoking in public places.
Several states have outlawed the use of cell phones while driving.
Criminalize
to make something illegal:
The law has criminalized prostitution but not got rid of it.
88
Aspiring
/əˈspɑɪ·rɪŋ/
wishing to become successful in a particular type of job:
Marcus is an aspiring actor.
aspiring entrepreneurs/executives/homeowners
89
Garner
/ˈɡɑːr.nɚ/
to collect something, usually after much work or with difficulty:
to get or earn something valuable or respected, often with difficulty:
Coppola garnered several Oscar awards for "The Godfather".
90
Freewheel
/ˈfriː.wiːl/ (also coast)
to travel, especially down a hill, on a bicycle or in a vehicle without using the legs or engine to provide power
91
Coast
Freewheel
to move forward in a vehicle without using the engine, usually down a hill:
At the top of the hill I switched off the engine and we just coasted down the other side.
to progress or succeed without any effort or difficulty:
While I struggled, my sister coasted through school with top grades.
92
Prosper
/ˈprɑː.spɚ/
thrive
(of a person or a business) to be or become successful, especially financially:
Lots of microchip manufacturing companies prospered at that time.
93
Liken
Compare
to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else:
She's been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor.
94
Disparage
/dɪˈsper.ɪdʒ/
belittle
to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it:
The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity.
He disparages his business competitors, saying they are all a bunch of amateurs compared to him.
95
Belittle
Disparage
/bɪˈlɪt̬.əl/
to make a person or an action seem as if he, she or it is not important:
Though she had spent hours fixing the computer, he belittled her efforts.
Stop belittling yourself - your work is highly valued.
You gain nothing by belittling him and creating bad feelings.
96
Conquer
to take control or possession of foreign land, or a group of people, by force:
The Spanish conquered the New World in the 16th century.
The English were conquered by the Normans in 1066.
to deal with or successfully fight against a problem or an unreasonable fear:
He has finally conquered his fear of spiders.
It may be many years before this dreadful disease is conquered.
Several generations turned their attention towards the conquest of the Mediterranean region.
97
Ebullient
/ɪbˈʊl.i.ənt/
Exuberant
very energetic, positive, and happy:
He wasn't his usual ebullient self.
(especially of people and their behaviour) very energetic:
Young and exuberant, he symbolizes Italy's new vitality.
98
Proponent
/prəˈpoʊ.nənt/
supporter advocate
a person who speaks publicly in support of a particular idea or plan of action:
He is one of the leading proponents of capital punishment.
Long a proponent of government health insurance, he pointed out that millions of Americans have no health insurance at all.
99
Detractor
/dɪˈtræk.tɚ/
someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly:
His detractors claim that his fierce temper makes him unsuitable for leadership.
He is much more popular with his teammates than his detractors would have you believe.
100
Detract
to make something seem less valuable or less deserving of admiration:
These small faults, however, do not detract from the overall quality of the book.
101
Bang for the buck
bang for the/your buck
informal if you get more bang for your buck, you get more or better results for the amount of money or effort you spend:
Charities try to get a better and bigger bang for the buck by keeping their expenses down.
It may cost more, but you get more bang for your buck if you advertise on TV rather than on radio.
102
One-off
something that happens or is made or done only once:
Will you be doing more talks in the future or was that just a one-off?
They gave him a one-off payment to compensate for the extra hours that he had to work.
The London store is stocking 12 exclusive, one-off designs.
a one-off opportunity/chance
a one-off cost/payment
103
Predisposition
/ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease:
She has an annoying predisposition to find fault.
There is evidence that a predisposition to(wards) asthma runs in families.
/ˌprid·ɪˈspoʊz/
to influence someone to behave or think in a particular way or to have a particular condition:
Individualism predisposes many people to look for individual solutions to social problems.
Your family history can help a doctor determine if you are predisposed to developing heart disease.
104
Within reach
within (sb's) reach (also within the reach of sb)
that someone is able to get or buy:
She felt that the job she had always wanted was finally within reach.
A high percentage of these homes are within financial reach of moderate-income families.
105
Stigma
a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair:
There is no longer any stigma to being divorced.
Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to.
106
Incontinence
/ɪnˈkɑːn.tə.nəns/
inability to control the excretion of urine or the contents of the bowels:
There are many possible causes of faecal incontinence, including damage to the muscles which control bowel movements during childbirth.
107
Blatant
/ˈbleɪ.tənt/
Conspicuous
very obvious and intentional, when this is a bad thing:
a blatant lie
The whole episode was a blatant attempt to gain publicity.
His behavior showed a blatant lack of respect.
It was a blatantly unfair decision.
108
Inconspicuous
/ˌɪn.kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/
not easily or quickly noticed or seen, or not attracting attention:
This type of bird is very inconspicuous because of its dull feathers.
At parties, he always stands in a corner and tries to look inconspicuous.
/kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/
very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted:
In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous.
He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.
He was conspicuous as usual with a big yellow bow tie.
109
Moot
to suggest something for discussion:
The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.
His name was mooted as a possible successor.
often discussed or argued about but having no definite answer:
It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion.
not important or not relevant, therefore not worth discussing:
We don't have enough money to go, so it's all moot anyway.
having no practical use or meaning:
Because the claim of negligence was denied, seeking an award for damages was moot.
110
Suave
/swɑːv/
A suave man is very polite, pleasant, and usually attractive, often in a way that is slightly false:
He's very suave and sophisticated.
111
Uncanny
/ʌnˈkæn.i/
strange or mysterious; difficult or impossible to explain:
an uncanny resemblance
He has an uncanny ability to pick a winner.
Barb’s uncanny resemblance to Tia is scary.
112
Uncanny valley
/ʌnˌkæn.i ˈvæl.i/
used to refer to the unpleasant feeling that some people have when they see robots (= machines that can carry out actions automatically), or pictures of a human being created by a computer, that appear very similar to a living human:
Uncanny valley describes a situation in which a machine looks so eerily "almost but not quite human" that it just creeps people out.
113
Convergence
the fact that two or more things, ideas, etc. become similar or come together:
a convergence of interests/opinions/ideas
The convergence of pop-cultural trends and technological progress gave us camera phones and the "selfie".
114
Defect
/dɪˈfekt/
to leave a country, political party, etc., especially in order to join an opposing one:
When the national hockey team visited the US, half the players defected.
The British spy, Kim Philby, defected to the Soviet Union/defected from Britain in 1963.
115
Downgrade
/ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd/
to reduce someone or something to a lower rank or position, or to cause something to be considered less important or valuable:
My job's been downgraded to that of ordinary editor.
We can't let the management downgrade the importance of safety at work.
116
Coerce
/koʊˈɝːs/
Force
to persuade someone forcefully to do something that they are unwilling to do:
The court heard that the six defendants had been coerced into making a confession.
I don’t think anybody should be coerced into leaving.
They used threats and coercion to keep the others in line.
117
Unscrupulous
/ʌnˈskruː.pjə.ləs/
dishonest
C2 behaving in a way that is dishonest or unfair in order to get what you want:
an unscrupulous financial adviser
Counterfeit documents make it easier for unscrupulous employers to knowingly hire illegal workers.
118
Liquidation
/ˌlɪk.wəˈdeɪ.ʃən/
the process of closing a business, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts, or an instance of this:
After three years of heavy losses the company went into liquidation with debts totalling £100 million.
The construction industry is noted for its high rate of liquidations.
to sell your investments or property to make them available in the form of money:
Investors have started to liquidate their mutual funds.
119
One-time
/ˈwʌn.taɪm/ Erstwhile
a one-time teacher, doctor, cleaner, etc.
someone who was a teacher, doctor, cleaner, etc. in the past:
Duggan, a TV personality and one-time journalist, made the announcement last week.
The one-time Olympic track star is now a coach.
(especially of a job or position) in the past but not any longer:
The new paper will be headed by Rebecca Jones, sometime editor of the "Daily News".
120
Gunpoint
at gunpoint
experiencing or using a threat of killing with a gun:
The family were held at gunpoint for an hour while the men raided their house.
121
Incommunicado
/ˌɪn.kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkɑː.doʊ/
not communicating with anyone else because you do not want to or are not allowed to:
His secretary says he will be incommunicado for the rest of the day.
He was held incommunicado for the first 48 hours after he was arrested.
122
Ride-hailing
/ˈraɪd.heɪ.lɪŋ/
used for or involved in the activity of asking for a car and driver to come immediately and take you somewhere:
Do you use a ride-hailing app?
The city announced new regulations on internet-based ride-hailing businesses.
Smartphone ride-hailing has changed the face of public transport.
123
Privatization
the act of selling an industry, company or service that was owned and controlled by the government, so it becomes privately owned and controlled:
The last few years have seen the privatization of many industries previously owned by the state.
They promised there would not be any further privatizations until after the elections.
/ˈpraɪ.və.taɪz/
C1 If a government privatizes an industry, company, or service that it owns and controls, it sells it so that it becomes privately owned and controlled:
I bought shares in British Gas when it was privatized.
124
Reveller
/ˈrev.əl.ɚ/
someone who dances, drinks, sings, etc. at a party or in public, especially in a noisy way:
On New Year's Eve, thousands of revellers fill Trafalgar Square.
The statue was damaged by drunken revellers.
125
Brood
a group of young birds all born at the same time:
The blackbird flew back and forth to its brood.
humorous a person's young children:
Ann was at the party with her brood.
to think for a long time about things that make you sad, worried, or angry:
I wish she wouldn't sit brooding in her room all day.
126
Ponder
contemplate brood
to consider something carefully for a long time:
[ T ] She ponders the reaction she’ll receive.
[ I ] The back porch is a quiet place where I can ponder.
127
Contemplate
/ˈkɑːn.t̬əm.pleɪt/
C2 to spend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way:
[ + -ing verb ] I'm contemplating going abroad for a year.
They were contemplating a move to California.
It's too awful/horrific/dangerous to contemplate.
128
Inure
/ɪnˈjʊr/
formal
If you become inured to something unpleasant, you become familiar with it and able to accept and bear it:
After spending some time on the island they became inured to the hardships.
129
Habituate
/həˈbɪtʃ.u.eɪt/
[ I or T ] to get used to something or to make someone or something used to something:
When your brain habituates to sleeplessness to maintain function, it slows down.
Feeding moose habituates them to humans.
130
Ravage
/ˈræv.ɪdʒ/
to cause great damage to something:
The area has been ravaged by drought/floods/war.
131
Entourage
/ˌɑn·tʊˈrɑʒ/
retinue
the group of people who travel with and work for an important or famous person:
Her usual entourage includes musicians, backup singers, and technicians.
132
Retinue
/ˈret̬.ən.uː/
entourage
a group of people who travel with an important person to help them:
The president travels with a large retinue of aides and bodyguards.
He jets around the country with a retinue of aides and attorneys.
133
Backlash
a strong, negative reaction to something, esp. to change:
The mayor foresaw no political backlash against his proposal.
the backlash against feminism
134
Constructive
If advice, criticism, or actions are constructive, they are useful and intended to help or improve something:
She criticized my writing, but in a way that was very constructive.
If you don't have anything constructive to say, it's better to say nothing.
135
Resonance
a feeling, thought, memory, etc. that a piece of writing or music makes you have, or the quality in a piece of writing, etc. that makes this happen:
This poem has many resonances for me.
136
Conversely
in an opposite way:
Poor health is accepted as an attribute of normal ageing. Conversely, youth is depicted as a time of vitality and good health.
The staff of any organisation are its best ambassadors or conversely may be its worst.
137
Vitality
energy and strength:
According to the packet, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality.
youthful vitality
The new factory should improve the economic vitality of the region.
138
Determinant
/dɪˈtɝː.mɪ.nənt/
something that controls or affects what happens in a particular situation:
Soil and climate are the main determinants of how land is used.
139
Tack
one of several possible ways of dealing with something:
| When this tack didn’t work, I tried another.
140
Breakthrough
an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem:
Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer.
A major breakthrough in negotiations has been achieved.
141
Seamless
happening without any sudden changes, interruption, or difficulty:
The intention is to achieve a seamless transition with a continuity of management.
142
Appal
Horrify
to make someone have strong feelings of shock or of disapproval:
I was appalled at/by the lack of staff in the hospital.
The state of the kitchen appalled her.
143
Supposition
the fact of believing something is true without any proof or something that you believe to be true without any proof:
That article was based on pure supposition.
The investment was based on the supposition that there was adequate demand for a new modern office building.
144
Plight
an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad, or difficult one:
the plight of the poor/homeless
Few of us can be unmoved by the plight of the refugees.
My problems aren’t much compared with the plight of the storm victims.
145
Demure
(especially of women) quiet and well behaved:
She gave him a demure smile.
Two demure little girls sat near their mother.
She sat with her hands folded demurely in her lap.
146
Sedate
Staid
avoiding excitement or great activity and usually calm and relaxed:
The fight against a chemical storage site has transformed a normally sedate village into a battleground.
The speed limit is a sedate 55 mph.
147
Staid
serious, boring, and slightly old-fashioned:
In an attempt to change its staid image, the newspaper has created a new section aimed at younger readers.
not exciting or fashionable; serious:
She never adjusted to her husband’s staid lifestyle.
148
Stout
Portly
(especially of older people) fat and solid-looking, especially around the waist:
Mrs Blower was the stout lady with the glasses.
Stout objects are strongly made from thick, strong materials:
I bought myself a pair of good stout hiking boots.
149
Portly
Stout
(especially of middle-aged or old men) fat and round:
He was a portly figure in a tight-fitting jacket and bow tie.
150
Vapid
showing no intelligence or imagination:
a vapid reality TV show
He's attractive, but vapid.
151
Splendor
great beauty, or something that causes admiration and attention:
[ U ] It took several years to restore the building to its original splendor.
[ C ] We can only imagine the splendors of ancient Rome.
They bought a decaying 16th-century manor house and restored it to its original splendour.
the beautiful features or qualities of a place, etc.:
the splendours of Venice
152
Eclat
/eɪˈklɑː/
a strong and stylish effect:
She broke onto the music scene with great éclat.
153
Malicious
```
intended to harm or upset other people:
malicious gossip
a malicious look in his eyes
He complained that he'd been receiving malicious phone calls.
He was charged with malicious wounding.
```
154
Sepulchre
/ˈsep.əl.kɚ/
Tomb
a stone structure where someone is buried
155
Sepulchral
/səˈpʌl.krəl/
Funereal
suggesting death or places where the dead are buried:
The curtain rose to reveal a gloomy, sepulchral set for the play.
156
Funereal
/fjuːˈnɪr.i.əl/
Sepulchral
suitable for a funeral:
funereal music
dressed in funereal black
157
Sleuth
Detective
/sluːθ/
someone whose job is to discover information about crimes and find out who is responsible for them
158
Taupe
/toʊp/
a brownish-grey colour:
The colour scheme includes brown, taupe, green, and blue.
My bedroom is a light shade of taupe.
159
Sleeper
good/heavy/light sleeper
someone who sleeps in the stated way:
I'm a light sleeper - the slightest noise wakes me.
You won't wake him - he's such a heavy sleeper.
A sleeper is also a person or thing that is unexpectedly successful:
We almost gave up on this line of merchandise, but it's a real sleeper – it keeps selling.
160
Vagrant
/ˈveɪ.ɡrənt/
Tramp
a person who is poor, does not have a home or job, and moves from place to place:
The town has shelters and food handouts for vagrants.
161
Entitle
Allow
to give someone the right to do or have something:
Being unemployed entitles you to free medical treatment.
[ + to infinitive ] The employer is entitled to ask for references.
162
Retrieval
/rɪˈtriː.vəl/
the process of finding and bringing back something:
the storage and retrieval of information
The box can be opened mechanically to allow retrieval of medications.
This message has not been saved and is not available for retrieval.
A system of storage and retrieval of personnel records has been established.
163
Pinpoint
to find out or say the exact position in space or time of something:
It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death.
C2
to discover or describe the exact facts about something:
Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion.
a very small spot of something:
a pinpoint of light
very exact:
The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy.
164
Vagaries
/ˈveɪ.ɡɚ.iz/
unexpected events or changes that cannot be controlled and can influence a situation:
The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather.
She had her own style and was not influenced by the vagaries of fashion.
165
Comb
to search a place or an area very carefully in order to find something:
The police combed the whole area for evidence.
Investigators combed through the wreckage.
166
Envisage
envision
to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good:
Train fare increases of 15 percent are envisaged for the next year.
[ + that ] It's envisaged that building will start at the end of this year.
[ + -ing verb ] When do you envisage finishing the project?
[ + question word ] It's hard to envisage how it might happen.
He wasn't what I'd expected - I'd envisaged someone much taller.
167
Envision
Envisage
to imagine or expect that something is a likely or desirable possibility in the future:
He envisioned a partnership between business and government.
The company envisions adding at least five stores next year.
168
Flunk
Fail
/flʌŋk/
to fail an exam or course of study:
I flunked my Biology exam.
169
Benchmark
/ˈbentʃ.mɑːrk/
a level of quality that can be used as a standard when comparing other things:
Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world.
used as a standard when comparing other things:
a benchmark case
Teachers give the benchmark tests to see whether students are grasping the new curriculum.
170
Temper
lessen
to make something less strong, extreme, etc.:
My enthusiasm for the venture was tempered by my knowledge of the hard work that would be involved.
I learned to temper my criticism.
Perhaps you should temper your language.
171
Pothole
a hole in a road surface that results from gradual damage caused by traffic and/or weather:
The car's suspension is so good that when you hit a pothole you hardly notice it.
a problem:
The road to economic recovery is full of potholes.
172
Resumption
the start of something again after it has stopped:
| The president called for an immediate ceasefire and a resumption of negotiations between the two sides.
173
Ceasefire
/ˈsiːs.faɪr/
an agreement, usually between two armies, to stop fighting in order to allow discussions about peace:
declare a ceasefire
174
Ouster
/ˈaʊ.stɚ/
the process of removing someone from an important position or job:
The committee's chairperson is facing a possible ouster.
The board voted to call for the ouster of the company's president.
175
Debilitate
Enfeeble
/dɪˈbɪl.ə.teɪt/
to make someone or something physically weak:
Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him.
176
Prostrate
/ˈprɑs·treɪt/
lying flat with the face down:
She lay there prostrate, exhausted after a long day's work.
having lost all strength or all determination because of an illness or an extremely bad experience:
A woman, prostrate with grief, lay wailing on the ground.
prostrate yourself
to lie with the face down and arms stretched out, especially as a sign of respect or worship
177
Stringent
/ˈstrɪn.dʒənt/
severe
having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting:
The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.
We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.
Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.
178
Encroach
to take control or possession of something in a gradual way and often without being noticed:
Farmers encroached on forest land to grow crops.
These devices are encroaching on people’s privacy.
Human encroachment threatens the birds’ nesting sites.
179
Unenviable
/ʌnˈen.vi.ə.bəl/
An unenviable duty or necessary action is unpleasant or difficult:
I had the unenviable task of cleaning up after the party.
180
Hew
to cut a large piece out of rock, stone, or another hard material in a rough way:
The monument was hewn out of the side of a mountain.
181
Coil
/kɔɪl/
Circle
a length of rope, hair, or wire, arranged into a series of circles, one above or outside the other:
A coil of rope lay on the beach.
A coil of thick blue smoke rose up from his pipe.
to arrange something in a coil:
She coiled her hair into a neat bun on top of her head.
The snake coiled itself tightly around the deer.
182
Repel
Drive back
to force something or someone to move away or stop attacking you:
This coat has a special surface that repels moisture.
formal The defenders repelled the attack without losing any men.
She was repelled by his ugliness.
Her arrogance repels many people.
183
Denote
to represent something:
The colour red is used to denote passion or danger.
His angry tone denoted extreme displeasure.
184
Designate
/ˈdez.ɪɡ.neɪt/
to choose someone officially to do a particular job:
Traditionally, the president designates his or her successor.
Thompson has been designated (as/to be) team captain.
[ + to infinitive ] She has been designated to organize the meeting.
to say officially that a place or thing has a particular character or purpose:
This area of the park has been specially designated for children.
They officially designated the area (as) unsuitable for human habitation.
185
Squirm
/skwɝːm/
to move from side to side in an awkward way, sometimes because of nervousness, embarrassment, or pain:
Nobody spoke for at least five minutes and Rachel squirmed in her chair with embarrassment.
The fish squirmed on the ground for a few moments and then lay still.
to feel nervous or embarrassed about something:
Sal would occasionally squirm at his parents' behaviour.
Republicans are enjoying seeing Democrats squirming over the impact of campaign finance reform.
a side to side, awkward movement, sometimes made because of nervousness, embarrassment, or pain:
His squirms of discomfort were hilarious to watch.
The hugs produce squirms, laughter, and cries from the little children.
186
Writhe
/raɪð/
to make large twisting movements with the body:
The pain was so unbearable that he was writhing in agony.
She was writhing around/about on the ground.
187
Nestle
snuggle
to rest yourself or part of your body in a warm, comfortable, and protected position:
She nestled (her head) against his shoulder.
She nestled the cat in her arms.
to be in, or put something in, a protected position, with bigger things around it:
Bregenz is a pretty Austrian town that nestles between the Alps and Lake Constance.
188
Snuggle
Nestle
to move yourself into a warm and comfortable position, especially one in which your body is against another person or covered by something:
The children snuggled up to their mother to get warm.
I was just snuggling down into my warm bed when my phone rang.
189
Avowed
/əˈvaʊd/
Professed
stated:
The government's avowed intent/purpose/aim is to reduce tax.
An avowed traditionalist, he is against reform of any kind.
stated or admitted:
an avowed enemy
190
Professed
Avowed
/prəˈfest/
A professed belief is one that someone has made known:
She is a professed monarchist.
used to refer to a belief or feeling that someone says they have or feel, but is probably not sincere:
His professed love of women seems a little odd when you consider how he treats them.
191
Incise
/ɪnˈsaɪz/
to cut the surface of something carefully with a sharp tool:
The design is incised into a metal plate.
a shield incised with Celtic symbols
192
Guzzle
to drink quickly, eagerly, and usually in large amounts:
He guzzled his beer and ordered another.
to use large amounts of petrol very quickly:
The car guzzles a gallon of gas every 15 miles.
He sat in the shade, guzzling cold soda.
193
Demise
/dɪˈmaɪz/
sb's demise
the death of a person
the end of something that was previously considered to be powerful, such as a business, industry, or system:
The demise of the company was sudden and unexpected.
Huge corporate farms have led to the demise of many small, family-owned farms.
194
Prodigious
/prəˈdɪdʒ.əs/
elephantine voluminous
extremely great in ability, amount, or strength:
She wrote a truly prodigious number of novels.
She was a prodigious musician.
He had a prodigious appetite for both women and drink.
Americans are the world’s most prodigious consumers.
195
Elephantine
/ˌel.əˈfæn.taɪn/ formal
Prodigious
very large:
She's so tiny she makes me feel elephantine.
196
Voluminous
/vəˈluː.mə.nəs/ Formal
A voluminous piece of clothing is large and consists of a lot of cloth:
Her voluminous silk dress billowed out behind her.
A voluminous piece of writing is long and detailed:
Have you read McClelland's voluminous account of his life?
197
A whale of
Informal
A whale of a lot of other people were there, too.
a whale of a
If something is a whale of a thing, it is a very good thing:
Perry's done a whale of a job for us.
That's a whale of a story.
Another thousand dollars would make a whale of a difference.
198
Persuasion
the action of persuading someone or of being persuaded:
It took a lot of persuasion to convince the committee of the advantages of the new plan.
She will help you - she just needs a little gentle persuasion.
The occasion will be a test of the senator's powers of persuasion (= his ability to persuade people).
a particular set of beliefs, especially religious ones:
We need a society which welcomes people of all religious persuasions.
199
Well documented
having been often recorded:
The medicinal value of garlic is well documented.
200
Medicinal
/məˈdɪs.ɪ.nəl/
Medicinal substances are used to cure illnesses:
I keep a bottle of brandy purely for medicinal purposes.
It is said that the spring water has medicinal properties.
201
Angst
/ɑːŋst/
strong worry and unhappiness, especially about personal problems:
All my children went through a period of late-adolescent angst.
The boy’s mysterious disappearance has caused angst and guilt for the family.
202
Rationalize
```
/ˈræʃ.ən.əl.aɪz/
rationalize verb (EXPLAIN)
```
[ T ]
to try to find reasons to explain your behaviour, decisions, etc.:
She rationalized the cost by saying that an expensive carpet would last longer than a cheaper one.
to make a company, way of working, etc. more effective, usually by combining or stopping particular activities, or (of a company, way of working, etc.) to become more effective in this way:
We rationalized the production system so that one operator could control all three machines.
The recession is forcing the company to rationalize.
203
Feasible
/ˈfiː.zə.bəl/
Practicable
C1
able to be made, done, or achieved:
With the extra resources, the project now seems feasible.
[ + to infinitive ] It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?
204
Practicable
/ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/
able to be done or put into action:
The troops will be brought home as soon as practicable.
It is not practicable to complete the tunnel before the end of the year.
205
Stark
/stɑːrk/
empty, simple, or obvious, especially without decoration or anything that is not necessary:
It was a stark room with a bed and chair as the only furniture.
The stark reality is that we are operating at a huge loss.
In the suburbs the spacious houses stand in stark (= extreme) contrast to the slums of the city's poor.
completely or extremely:
The children were splashing in the river, stark naked.
If I didn't exercise, I think I'd go raving mad (UK also stark staring mad) from sitting at a desk all day.
206
Deleterious
/ˌdel.ɪˈtɪr.i.əs/
harmful:
These drugs have a proven deleterious effect on the nervous system.
harmful:
Too much alcohol is injurious to your health.
207
Amputation
/ˌæm.pjəˈteɪ.ʃən/
the cutting off of a part of the body:
Amputation of the limb is really a last resort.
Most amputations in this region are the result of accidents with land mines.
/ˈæm.pjə.teɪt/
to cut off a part of the body:
They had to amputate his foot to free him from the wreckage.
In these cases there is no choice but to amputate.
208
Resort
the fact that you have to do something because there is no other way of achieving something:
He got hold of the money legally, without resort to violence.
resort to sth
A resort to more autocratic measures could be disastrous.
209
Avert
to turn away your eyes or thoughts:
I averted my gaze/eyes while he dressed.
We tried to avert our thoughts from our massive financial problems.
to prevent something bad from happening; avoid:
The last-minute agreement averted renewed fighting.
to avert a crisis/conflict/strike/famine
to avert disaster/economic collapse
210
Uptick
an increase in something:
uptick in sth
We can see some uptick in activity in the marketplace.
a price or offer on a share that is higher than the previous price at which the share was sold:
Even after yesterday's uptick, the shares remain more than 40% below their peak a year ago.
211
Suit
(also lawsuit)
a problem or complaint taken for a decision to a court of law by a person or organization rather than by the police or the government:
bring/file a suit They have brought a suit for damages against the company.
212
Ingestion
/ɪnˈʤes.tʃən/
the process of absorbing nutrients or medications into the body by eating or drinking them:
There is a therapy option that does not require the ingestion of drugs.
The chemicals can be poisonous if ingested.
213
Prosthesis
/ˈprɑːs.θiː.sɪs/
plural prostheses
an artificial body part, such as an arm, foot, or tooth, that replaces a missing part
214
Able bodied
/ˌeɪ.bəlˈbɑː.did/
people who are healthy and have no illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult to do the things that other people do:
It is hard for the able-bodied to understand the difficulties that disabled people encounter in their daily lives.
All able-bodied young men were forced to join the army.
