Review Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What time period is the morula formed in?
A
blastocystic
2
Q
Where do the primordial germ cells come from?
A
epiblast
3
Q
What is the very first system that develops
A
reproductive
4
Q
when does reproductive system develop
A
week 3
5
Q
what is second system to develop
A
cardiovasccular
6
Q
when does cardiovascular system start to develp
A
in the middle of week 3
7
Q
what is pathway of PGC
A
from epiblast through primitive streak to gonadal ridges
8
Q
what are gonadal ridges formed from
A
caeolmic epithelium
9
Q
what does celomic epithelium come from
A
intermediate mesoderm
10
Q
How many chromosomes does PGC have
A
46, 2N
11
Q
what is formed after PGC
A
oogonia & spermatogonia
12
Q
when are primary oogonia form
A
5th month of intereutirine life
13
Q
when are spermatogonia formed
A
puberty
14
Q
what is the difference b/w primary and secondary (oocyte, spermatocyte)
A
46, 4N → 23, 2N
15
Q
Where would you find the first polar body
A
tertiary follicle
16
Q
where is secondary oocyte formed
A
tertiary follicle
17
Q
what happens to primary polar body
A
it divides and forms two more polar bodies
18
Q
what’s the process going from spermatocyte to sperm
A
no mitosis, all body work, pointy head, etc.
19
Q
what’s another name for spermatazoa
A
sperm
20
Q
what is in a primordial follicle
A
primary oocyte
21
Q
what’s in a seondary follicle
A
primary oocyte
22
Q
what’s the difference be/w primorida, secondary, tertiary follicle etc
A
the glandular cells
23
Q
what is in the tertiary follicle
A
secondary oocyte & first polar body
24
Q
at fertilization what occurs
A
list steps
25
what happens in first week
fertilization (list all the steps)
26
What happens in second week of development
1. Embryoblast (E) splitting into two germ layers: the epiblast and hypoblast (lamination- bilaminar disk)
2. Trophoblast (T) dividing into two layers: inner cytotrophoblast and outer syncytiotrophoblast
3. Two cavities appear- the amniotic cavity and the blastocyst cavity
4. Blastocyst cavity is remodeled twice to form the primary and secondary yolk sacs
5. Extraembryonic mesoderm splits into two layers: parietal and visceral layers
27
what part of embryo does hypoblast form
nothing
28
what does hypoblast form
inner lining of yolk sac
29
extraembronic mesoderm is formed from what
hypoblast cells
30
what isst he connecting stalk formed from
parietal and visceral laterl plate mesoderm
31
does the chorionic cavity completely surround the blastocyst
almost all of it except for the connecting stalk
32
what villi will remain throughout pregnancy
tertiary
33
what happens in week 3
trilaminar disk
34
what goes throught he primitves streak first
definitiive endoderm cells
35
where do mesoderm cells go
flow like water to the front
36
what allows the neuroectoderm to pinch off
notocord
37
what is significant about the allantois
blood vessels migrate from allantois to connecting stalk
38
what are blood vessels in connecting stalk called
umbilical
39
the endoderm,w hat's the only strucutre it forms?
gut tube + inner lining of gut tube + anything that buds off gut tube
40
what are sinusoids formed from
endoderm
41
paraxial mesoderm is dividied into what
somite
42
what's the difference b/w somate and somatomyere
somatomere is in head and is less organized
43
what's the most important thing from the head fold
forces heart from dorsal to ventral position
44
what develops as heart moves ventrally
a space
45
what starts to enclose space as heart moves
pericardial fold that will form parietal pericardium
46
what is only part of anterior surface that is not pinched off
umbilical cord
47
what are the three layers of the fetal side of the placenta
parietal extraembryonic mesoderm most inner
cytotrophoblast
synctiotrophoblast
48
where is the primitive primoridal body cavity coming from
space b/w parietal and visceral laterl plate mesoderm-
| where star is on summary of development of body cavities
49
where is the only place you'll find ventral mesentary
foregut
50
ventral mesentary has falciform ligament, coronary iligament, and what
triangular ligament
51
whats opposite of ventral mesentary
dorsal mesentary
52
where will you find dorsal mesentary
foregut, midgut, hindgut
53
where will you find dorsal mesentary
foregut, midgut, hindgut
54
lateral folding does what
help merge dorsal aorta together
merge heart tubes together
help merge extraembryonic blood islands together
closes anterior part of developing embryo
55
what are two most common heart defects
```
Ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD)
Membranous ventricular septal defect:
(Tetralogy of Fallot is common abnormality. I thought in class he said something about ectopic cordis)
```
56
ectopic cordis
laterl folding defect in thoracic region
57
what are two defects in abdominal cavity lateral defect
gastroschisis or omphalocele
58
what is unique about the midgut
due to kidneys and reproductive system it gets pushed out during development and then comes back in
59
what happens if midgut doesnt get sucked back in
omphalocele
60
why is omphalocele so serious
chromosomal or birth defects
61
inferior body section defect can affect what
bladder and in males the penis
62
inferior body section defect can affect what (due to lateral wall defect)
bladder and in males the penis
63
the pericardium is formed from the descent of what
heart and lung
64
what separates primtiive body cavity into two parts
septum transversum
65
where does setptum trasnversum start
cervical region
66
heart and lungs push what from cervical region to normal location
diaphragm
67
as setum transversum pushes down diaphragm it goes throughw hat canals
pleuroperitoneal cnals
68
what burrows through pleuroperitanle cnal
lung itself
69
as lung travels what does it does
separates pleural pericardial fold
70
what is formed from pleural pericardial fold
pericardium (just the fibrous and pareital part)
71
what forms visceral pericardium
heart itself
72
what is the diaphragm formed from
septum transversum
73
what is septum transversum formed from
VLPM
74
what fills in where the lung has eaten away as it travels
myotomes (muscular part of diaphragm)
75
are lungs a bud off of GI tract
yes
76
what is the major structure that roates the entire developmental rotation of foregut
stomach
77
what affect does the rotation fo the stomach have on the descending colon
no affect - desc. colon is not foregut
78
what does stomach move
foregut
79
what moves midgut
lateral folding
80
urinary bladder is part of what
hindgut
81
what makes up wall of bladder
VLPM
82
what makes up lining of bladder
endoderm (bud off of hindgut)
83
where does the cloaca end?
pectinate or dentate line
84
where does the hidngut end
pectinate/dentate line
85
what is after hindgut @ pentate line
procotderm
86
what is after hindgut @ pentate line
proctoderm
87
what is after hindgut @ pentate line
proctoderm
88
what forms all the vasculature and all the parts of the heart except for codotrumpal septum & membranous part of inner ventricular septum
VLPM
89
where does the neuro tube start from
the blood islands
90
where does myoblast come from
VLPM
91
what pushes heart tubes togehter and allows the hart to develop into sepeparete things
laterl plate folding
92
where does heart tube come from
upper part of epiblast
93
in the beginning how much of heart is from VLPM
all of it
94
how many pairs of aoritc arches
6 pairs
95
where do aortic arches go towards
head and neck
96
which vein is oxygen rich
umbilical vein
97
whats another name ofr bulbus cordis
right ventricle
98
what exactly of aorta is formed from conotruncal septum
ascending aorta
99
what does cardiac looping cause
atrium to be on top
| ventricl on bottom
100
what is the septum primium formed from
VLPM
101
what is hole under septum primum called
foramen primium
102
what are the holes poked in foramen primium called
septum secundum
103
what is membranous of innerventricular wall formed from
neurocrest cells
104
all the blood islands go into what
sinus venosus ( ?)
105
what does vitelline vein form
drains yolk sac of nutrients going into liver so it forms portal vein
106
umbilical vein forms what
round ligament of liver
107
supracardinal vein forms what
azygous or hemizygous
108
what does subcardinal veinc orm
IVC
109
what does right common cardinal vein form
SVC
110
what does sacrocardinal vein form
left common illiac
111
what does the posterior cardinal vein form
it degenarates but a bunch of stuff form off it
112
what percentage of blood goes thorugh ligmentum arteriosum
0%
113
why does ducturs venosus bipass the liver
its not ready
114
what does job of liver before its ready
placenta
115
what flows through ligmentum vinosum
nothing
116
blood goes from right atrium to what
left atrium
117
what does almost all the blood go to in heart and why
left ventricle - needs lots of blood to make the wall ready
118
foramen ovale shutn allows what
all blood to go fromright to left atrium
119
cystrna chili has how many parts
2
120
cystrna chili has how many parts
2
