Head & NeckDevelopment Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What’s the other name for pharyngeal arches
A
brachial arches
2
Q
why is viscerocranium unique
A
bones come from neural crest cells
3
Q
the aortic arches perfuse and form what
A
pharyngeal arches
4
Q
what pharyngeal arches are there
A
1, 2, 3, 4, 6
5
Q
what nerve is from first pharyngeal arch
A
CN V2-3
trigeminal
6
Q
what do CNV2-3 supply
A
muscles of mastication
7
Q
what nerve comes from second pharynggeal arch
A
CN VII
8
Q
What nerve comes from third pharyngeal arch
A
CN IX
9
Q
What nerve comes from fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch
A
CN X
10
Q
what muscles does VII supply
A
facial expression
11
Q
are pharyngeal arches bilateral?
A
yes
12
Q
at the end of 8th week what is done
A
organogenesis
13
Q
at 4th week what is baby called
A
embryo
14
Q
pharyngeal arches extend from what to what
A
stromoderm to respiratory diverticuluum
15
Q
what goes into mesenchymal core?
A
neural crest cells
ectodermal placodes & neural crest cells
lateral plate mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm
16
Q
what radiates into mesenchymal core
A
neural crest cells
17
Q
what does neural crest cells form onec it goes into mesenchymal core
A
cartialge, bone, skeletal muscles, CT, nerves
18
Q
all the tendons of muscle in face are directly influenced by what
A
neural crest cells
19
Q
what does lateral plate mesoderm form
A
vasculature
20
Q
what specific blood vessels enter mesenchymal core
A
pharyngeal arteries
21
Q
paraxial mesoderm helps form what
A
craniofacial skeletal muscle & bone
22
Q
ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells formw hat
A
neurons of CN V, VII, IX, X cranial sensory ganglia
23
Q
what happens after things enter mesenchymal core
A
that is an intermeidate step - they go there and then go to target organs
24
Q
visceral cranium is formed from what
A
neural crest cells
25
what is everything else in neurocranium formed from
paraxial mesoderm & neural crest cells
26
what is difference b/w somatomeres and somites functionally
nothing
27
what muscle groups skip the pharyngeal arches completely
tongue & extraocular eye muscles
28
which arch helps form viscerocranium
Arch 1
29
what is arch 1 called
mandibular arch
30
maxillary prominence helps form what
muscles of mastication
31
maxillary prominence's mesenchyme helps form what
maxilla, zygomatic, temporal bones
32
99% of meckel's cartilage does what
goes away
33
why do we have meckel's cartialge if we get rid of most of it
some things fomr from it like incus, malleus, sphenomandibular ligament
34
mandible is formed from what
membranous ossification of mesenchymal tissue
35
meckel's cartilage does not form what
mandible
36
what forms mandible
the mesenchymal tissue surrounding meckels' cartilage
37
what 3 things does meckel's crtialge make
incus, malleus, sphenomandibular ligament
38
what is arch 2 called
hyoid arch
39
what does reichert's cartilage form
styloid process, stapes, most of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament
40
what is the second part to pharyngeal arches
pharyngeal pouches & clefts/grooves
41
inner lining of pharyngeal arch 2 is what
a pouch
42
outside of pharyngeal arch 2 is what
cleft
43
what happens to most of cleft and pouch
they go away
44
what does 1st pouch form
epithelial lining of middle & outer ear, tympanic membrane, pharygotympanic tube
45
tympanic membrane is the only structure in entire body derived from what
all 3 germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, mesdoderm
46
external ear is lined with what
skin (ectoderm)
47
middle ear is lined with what
endoderm
48
in b/w external and middle ear is what
mesoderm
49
what does 2nd pouch help form
epithelial lining of palantine tonsil
50
1st arch is lined and filled with what
ectoderm
51
parathyrodi and thyms will descend to where
final position
52
when will parathyroid and thymus make its descent
to final position by week 7
53
what does 3rd pouch form
epithelial components of thymus gland and inferior parathyroid gland
54
what does 4th pouch form
superior parathyroid gland & parafolliclular cells of thyroid
55
what does 5th & 6th pouch form
nothing
56
what separates stromoderm from pharyngeal foregut
oropharyngeal membrane aka buchopharyngeal membrane
57
the mandibular prominenc must do what
fuse together
58
why does mandibular prominence need to fuse together
everything else uses it as scaffolding - if it doesn't form everything else collapses
59
after mandibular prominence is fused together, what happesn
maxillary prominneces fuse together
60
how do maxillary prominences fuse
upward and medial
61
medial nasal primineces are formed by what
maxillary prominnces fused together
62
lateral nasa prominenes fuse with what
maxillary prominences
63
when lateral and maxillary prominences fuse they force what duct inward
nasolacrimal duct
64
what is nasolacrimal duct origin
ectoderm (forced down by lateral and maxillary prominence)
65
nose is formed from what
frontal nasal prominences (bridge of nose
66
what forms crest and tip of nose
medial nasal prominsne
67
what forms ala of nose
lateral nasal prominence
68
what form upper li and cheeks
maxillary prominence
69
what form chin, lower lip, lower cheek region
mandibular prominence
70
primary palate fuses with what
secondary palate
71
primary, secondary, and nasal septum are all occuring
at the same time
72
if medial nasal primence does not fuse with maxillary nasa primences what is clincal correlation
cleft lip
73
if secondary palate does not fuse with other or with primary palate what is it
cleft palate
74
More severe deformity where non-fusion extends to maxilla (between 1o and 2o palate) and can be unilateral or bilateral is what
cleft lip & palate
75
in bilateral cleft lip and palate what is only thing holding it in place
nasal septum
76
2 medial nasal prominences fail to fuse and often accompanied by mental retardation is what clinical correlation?
medial clefted upper lip
77
Nasolacrimal duct remains exposed due to the lateral nasal process failing to fuse with the maxillary process and can occur along with a cleft lip is what clincal correlation
oblique facial cleft
78
what is mesoderm beinf formed from that makes the nose
neural crest cells
79
describe what nasal pits/sac ectoderm does as it grows
grows inward through mesoderm of frontonasal priminece
80
tongue is lined with what
skin
81
why is tongue lined with skin
pharyngeal arch 1
82
what is difference in pharyngeal arch 1
lined with ectoderm
83
tuberculum impar helps form what
body of tongue
84
hypobranchial eminence is from which pharyngeal arhches
2-4
85
what is unique about occipital somites
they do not go through pharyngeal arches
86
what kind of muscle is occiptal somites
skeletal
87
posterior 1/3 of tongue is initially formed from what
arch 2-4
88
on posterior 1/3 of tongue what is is made out of initially
arches 2-4
89
is there any pharyngeal arch 2 derivitive in pofinal formation of otongue & why?
no, pharyngeal arch 3 overgorws all of arch 2 and most of 4
90
does all paraxial mesoderm go directly to target and do not enter pharyngeal arches?
no
91
does arotic arches enter pharyngeal arhces first?
no
92
epithelial lining of salivary glands si formed from what
pharyngeal arch's pouches & grooves + other stuff
93
correct formation of face requires what to be formed first
mandibular prominence
94
is mouth part of GI tract embryolgically
no
95
why is mouth not part of GI tract embryologically
does not have endoderm inside and VLPM outside - mouth has skeletal muscles (from pharyngeal arches)
96
why is nasal lacrimal duct ectoderm
it's pushed back, formed initially from skin and is forced inward by fusion of lateral nasal prominence and maxillary
97
why is nasal lacrimal duct ectoderm
it's pushed back, formed initially from skin and is forced inward by fusion of lateral nasal prominence and maxillary
98
what is unique thing about pharyngeal arches compared to the rest of embryo
all the pieces coming form all different places mix together and connect and then go to their target organs
99
what is unique thing about pharyngeal arches compared to the rest of embryo
all the pieces coming form all different places mix together at the same time and connect and then go to their target organs (vs. in limbs where things come in in sequential order)
100
what is unique thing about pharyngeal arches compared to the rest of embryo
all the pieces coming form all different places mix together at the same time and connect and then go to their target organs (vs. in limbs where things come in in sequential order)
101
the pouches and cleft form epithelial lining of what
glands (all of them)
102
what skeletal structures does first arch form
```
malleus
incus
maxilla
mandible
zygomatic bone
part of temporal
```
103
what muscles does first arch form
```
muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini
```
104
what ligaments does first arch form
anterior ligament of malleus
| sphenomandibular ligament
105
what muscles does second arch form
muscles of facial expression
stapedius
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
106
what skeletal structures does second arch form
stapes
styloid process
lesser cornu of hyoid
upper part of body of hyoid bone
107
what ligament does the second arch form
stylohyoid ligament
108
what muscle does the third arch form
stylopharyngeus
109
what skeletal structure does the third arch form
greater cornu of hyoid
| lower part of body of hyoid bone
110
what muscles do 4th and 6th arch form
```
cricothyroid
levator veli palatini
contrictors of pharynx
intrinsic muscles of larynx
striated muscles of esophagus
```
111
what skeletal structures do 4th and 6th arch form
```
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
corniculate cartilage
cuneiform cartilage
```
