GI and Respiratory System Development

Question 1

what is the only nervous system that can work without the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

enteric

Question 2

where does enteric nervous system originate from?

Answer 2

neural crest cell

Question 3

where does notocord come from

Answer 3

mesoderm cells

Question 4

what is the very first part of mesoderm

Answer 4

periaxialmesoderm

Question 5

lateral plate mesoderm will be split into what two parts

Answer 5

parietal and visceral

Question 6

what does endoderm form

Answer 6

inner epithelial lining of gut tube

Question 7

gut tube is form from what

Answer 7

endoderm inside

visceral lateral plate mesoderm outside

Question 8

oropharingeal membrane is also called what

Answer 8

buccopharyngeal membrane

Question 9

what is the buccopharyngeal memebrane

Answer 9

separates mouth from pharynx

Question 10

is mouth part of GI tract embryolically, why

Answer 10

NO - has skeletal muscle

Question 11

GIT is divided into what 4 parts

Answer 11

pharyngeal foregut
foregut proper
midgut
hindgut

Question 12

lung wall is formed from what

Answer 12

visceral lateral plate mesoderm (buds off of GI)

Question 13

what forms from pharyngeal foregut

Answer 13

epithelial lining of pharynx, larynx, lungs

Question 14

what forms from foregut proper

Answer 14

epithelial lining of esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, first half of 2nd part of duodenum

Question 15

does the kidney bud off of GI tract?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

What forms from midgut

Answer 16

lining of rest of duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
asc. colon
proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 17

what forms from hindgut

Answer 17

distal 1/3 of transverse colon
desc. colon
bladder
rectum
upper 1/3 of anal canal

Question 18

where does hindgut end?

Answer 18

the cloaca

dendate or pectinate line

Question 19

after the pecinate line what is it called

Answer 19

proctoderm

Question 20

the gut wall is formed from what

Answer 20

visceral lateral plate mesoderm

Question 21

blood vessels from visceral lateral plate mesoderm forms what

Answer 21

entire cardiovascular system

Question 22

what does the endoderm form?

Answer 22

all the inner lining of entire GI system + anything that buds off of it

Question 23

what is esophageal atresia

Answer 23

esophagus ends as a blind sac

Question 24

what causes esophageal atresia

Answer 24

improper esophageal recanlization
defective tracheosophageal septum
non vascularization of esophagus

Question 25

what is tracheosophgeal fistula

Answer 25

improper connection of esophagus to trachea

Question 26

what does tracheosophgeal fistula usually result in

Answer 26

polyhydraminos

Question 27

what is the major mover of the development of the foregut

Answer 27

stomach

Question 28

which side develops more quickly in foregut

Answer 28

back develops more quickly, causing 90 degree rotation

Question 29

what does the 90 degree rotation of stomach do

Answer 29

everything connected to stomach will also be moved

Question 30

the cardio region of stomach moves in which direction after 90 degree rotation

Answer 30

moves down

Question 31

what direction does pyloris move after 90 degree rotatoin fo stomach

Answer 31

up

Question 32

where is liver being forced to when the stomach rotates 90 degrees

Answer 32

to the right

Question 33

what is congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 33

increase size (>2X) of the circular muscles of the pyloric sphincter resulting in poor or non passing of food to the duodenum resulting in projectile vomiting of food without bile

Question 34

what happens to duodenum when stomach undergoes 90 degree turn

Answer 34

rotate and become retroperitoneal

Question 35

describe how duodenum progress with its hollow/solid phases

Answer 35

starts hollow, then solid, then hollow

Question 36

what is duodenal atresia?

Answer 36

Normal duodenum’s lumen becomes filled in (5th / 6th week) but recanalizes by 8th week (like esophagus) -If not recanalized shows up as double bubble sign (duodenum is blocked causing a distended gas filled stomach and duodenum causing projectile vomiting with bile as bile duct normally enters proximal to obstruction

Question 37

anything attaching to the liver to the stomach, what happens when stomach is rotated

Answer 37

it also rotates

Question 38

ventral mesentary only develops where

Answer 38

foregut

Question 39

what does hepatic divertuculum form?

Answer 39

ventral pancreas, hepatopancreatic, hepatic and bile ducts and gallbladder with the same endothelial lining

Question 40

as the pancreas goes to the back what does it pull with it

Answer 40

bile duct, common hepatic duct

Question 41

what happens to ventral pancreas

Answer 41

it fuses with dorsal pancreas

Question 42

ventral pancreatic bud fuses with what

Answer 42

dorsal pancreatic bud

Question 43

what form the walls of the pancreas

Answer 43

visceral lateral plate mesoderm

Question 44

main pancreatic duct merges with what

Answer 44

bile duct

Question 45

physiological umbiicatl herniation is normal due to what

Answer 45

growth of kidney and liver

Question 46

rostral limb is superior to what

Answer 46

SMA

Question 47

herniated midgut loop undergoes initial rotation around what

Answer 47

SMA

Question 48

what is total of rotations that midgut does

Answer 48

270degrees

Question 49

where does the hindgut end embryologically

Answer 49

cloical membrane

Question 50

upper part of anal canal develops from what

Answer 50

endodermal cloaca & lower part of ectoderm

Question 51

anal membrane ruptures in what week, and what is significance

Answer 51

9th week | in adult this represents pecinate line

Question 52

the internal laryngotracheal groove in larynx forms what

Answer 52

laryngotracheal diverticulum

Question 53

the laryngotracheal diverticulum forms what

Answer 53

tracheobronchial diverticulum

Question 54

what does tracheobronchial diverticulum divide into

Answer 54

lung buds & bronchial buds

Question 55

rostral part of tracheobronchial diverticulum is surrounded by what?

Answer 55

pharyngeal arches

Question 56

what is stage 1 of the development and maturation of lung

Answer 56

Pseudoglandular period

Question 57

what weeks is the Pseudoglandular period ?

Answer 57

5-16 weeks

Question 58

terminal bronchioles have no what

Answer 58

respiratory bronchiales | alveoli

Question 59

What is stage 2 of the development and maturation fo lung

Answer 59

Canalicular period

Question 60

what weeks is the Canalicular period ?

Answer 60

16-26 weeks

Question 61

what week have respiratory bronchioles develop, and respiration is possible?

Answer 61

24

Question 62

how many mature alveoli develop after birth

Answer 62

90-95%