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1
Q

where is the biopsy done on for a diagnosis of leukemia?

A

Bone marrow

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2
Q

where is the biopsy done on for a diagnosis of lymphoma?

A

enlarged lymph node or an extranodal mass

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3
Q

clonal disorders of impaired differentiation and increased proliferation

A

leukemia

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4
Q

is there bone marrow in leukemia?

A

yep, normal cells are crowded out

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5
Q

leukostasis is more common in AML or ALL

A

AML

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6
Q

DIC more common in AML or ALL

A

AML esp. APL

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7
Q

extramedullary manifestations ALL vs AML

A

ALL- LN spleen, brain tested

AML- skin, gingiva

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8
Q

tumor lysis occurs in

A

ALL in the setting of low potassium and low glucose

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9
Q

myeloperoxidase and lysozyme are markers of

A

myeloid

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10
Q

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase are markers of

A

lymphoid

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11
Q

APL will present with

A

leukopenia

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12
Q

ALL will express which cell surface antigens

A

CD10 and CD20

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13
Q

AML will express which cell surface antigens

A

CD13 and CD33

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14
Q

what test can use cell surface antigens to clarify the cell of origin

A

flow cytometry

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15
Q

in AML 11q23 t, del5, del7 is a good or bad

A

bad

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16
Q

in AML t(8;21), inv(16), t(15;17) is good or bad

A

good

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17
Q

in ALL t(12;21) is good or bad

A

good

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18
Q

in ALL t(9,22), t(4;11), 11q23 t is good or bad

A

bad

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19
Q

tumor lysis has two mediccations

A
  1. allopurinol to prevent formation of uric acid

2. rubircarse to make uric acid soluble

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20
Q

HIV associated tend to be _______ B-cell lymphoma and they are associated with ____ associated

A

HIV associated tend to be aggressive B cell lymphoma and they are associated with EBV

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21
Q

long term toxicities of treatment of radiation tend to be

A

fibrosing

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22
Q

peb-ebstein fevers

A

high spike periodic fevers seen in Hodgkins

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23
Q

Hodkin patients will tend to have this weird intolerance

A

alcohol- pain at the site

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24
Q

Classical HL originate from

A

mature b cell at the germinal center of differentiation

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25
immunostaining reed sternberg cells on a classic hodgkin will show
CD30 and CD15 markers
26
ABVD is used in ______. what are the drugs? and toxicities associated with
A- doxirubicin: cardiac tox B- bleomycin: pulm tox V- vinblastin: Bone Marrow tx and some neuro tox D- dercabazine: hematologic tox HD
27
R-CHOP used in ______. what are the drugs?
``` R-rituximab C- cyclosphomide H- doxirubicin O- Vincristine P- prednisone ``` NHL think of NHL chop for hockey
28
why are we looking into new therapies for NHL and HD?
long term complication in radiation such as cardiac dx, pulm fibrosis and secondary malignancies chemo with its secondary leukemia issues and infertility
29
brentuximab
anti-CD30
30
nivolumab
PD-1 inhibitor
31
eosinophils is found in which lymphoma.... NHL or HD?
HD--- think of mixed cellurality
32
smudge cell might be indicative of which leukemia
CLL
33
CLL has a unmutated and a mutated forms tell me about it
1. unmutated means that the mutation happened before the B cell encounterd an antigen and this is a worse prognosis 2. mutated means that the mutation happened after the B cell encuntered an antigen and this is a better prognosis
34
two highest risk factors for CLL
1. rai stage III/IV | 2. 17p deletion
35
ibrutinib
BTK inhibitor for CLL
36
idelafisib
PI3K lambda inhibitor for CLL
37
venetoclax
BCL2 inhibitor for CLL
38
mantle cell lymphoma has what type of markers
CD5+ and CD23-
39
as we learn more abut CLL we found that CLL cells are getting signals from the lymph node microenvironment to stay alive thus this has lead to changes in treatment
we need to take account of the lymph node Microenv. and thus tackling BTK is a good idea
40
rouleaux formation on peripheral smear why? and what disease
in crease in M protein leading to mor sticky. this is found in multiple myeloma
41
in multiple myeloma a decrease in B2-microglobulin and a increase in serum albumin is a bad or good prognosis
good pronosis
42
in multiple myeloma an increase in B2-microglobulin and a decrease in serum albumin is a bad or good prognosis
bad prognosis
43
Characterized by the dysregulated production of a particular lineage of mature myeloid or erythroid cells with fairly normal differentiation
MPN's
44
Characterized by the dysregulated production of a particular lineage of mature myeloid or erythroid cells with abnormal differentiation
myelodysplastic syndrome
45
MDS that has a favorable course and response to lenalidomide
5Q syndrome
46
acute GVHD affect the
skin gut and liver
47
chronic GvHD resembles
autoimmune collagen vascular diseases
48
cytokeratins, EMA
carcinoma
49
ER, PR
Breast
50
PSA
prostate
51
LCA (CD45)
lymphoma
52
S-100
melanoma
53
chromogranin, synaptophysin, NSE
neuroendocrine tumor
54
Beta-HCG, AFP
Germ cell tumor
55
vimentin
sarcoma
56
level 1a
tumor
57
level1b
host
58
level 2a
molecular subtype
59
level 2b
prognostic and/or predictive test
60
level 2
NGS data
61
level 2c
serum and BM analysis
62
level 3
intratumor heterogeneity
63
level 4
integrated approach
64
active bone marrow in children
entire skeleton
65
active bone marrow in adults
spine, pelvis, sternum, ribs and skull
66
microbe recognition IgG and complement (C3b)
opsonization
67
internalized killing
phagocytosis
68
respiratory burst
oxygen dependent neutralization
69
phagosome-lysosome function with hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes
non-oxygen dependent
70
two diseases where eosinophils can be found
1. addison's | 2. hodgkin
71
what leukemia should we consider when we see basophils
CML
72
sickle cell crisis states: 1. vaso-occlusive 2. hemolytic crisis 3. aplastic crisis 4. sequestration crisis
1. vaso-occlusive- acute pain exarcebations 2. hemolytic crisis- marked increase red cell hemolysis 3. aplastic crisis- erythroid aplasia due to parvo B19 4. sequestration crisis- splenic pooling of erythrocytes with splenomegaly and shock-like state
73
different mutation at the beta chain locus on chromosome 11
HbSC
74
increased MCHC
hereditary spherocytosis
75
shistiocytes appear with
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

heme/onc (30 decks)

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