white blood cells

Question 1

the most prominent white blood cell

Answer 1

neutrophils

Question 2

lifespan of neutrophils

Answer 2

6-10 hr

Question 3

one step prior to mature neutrophil

when may they occur in higher numbers?

Answer 3

Bands

• may occur in higher number with acute bacterial infection

Question 4

worms, wheezes and weird diseases

Answer 4

eosinophils

allergies, parasites, TB, sarcoidosis, addison’s disease, hodgkin’s disease

Question 5

basophils

1. ____ in peripheral blood
2. capable of _____ release which can trigger inflammation
3. greater than 5-10% consider

Answer 5

1. uncommon in peripheral blood
2. capable of histamine release
3. consider CML

Question 6

Monocytes

1. function (3)
2. lifespan:
   a. marrow
   b. circulation
   c. tissue
3. differentiate into

Answer 6

1. function
   i. phagocytosis
   ii. presentation of antigen to T cell lymphocytes
   iii. secrete cytokines
2. lifespan
   a. marrow- brief
   b. circulation- 20 to 40 hr
   c. tissue- months to years
3. differentiate into macrophages

Question 7

dark azurophilic granules (primary granules) seen with infection or G-CSF

Answer 7

toxic granulation

Question 8

cytoplasmic inclusions, ribosome rich ER seen in sepsis, G-CSF use

Answer 8

Dohle bodies

Question 9

a. bilobed nucleus
b. benign hereditary disorder
c. myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 9

Pelger-huet

Question 10

Granulopoiesis

1. common precursor in the ____
2. production of neutrophils in about
3. control

Answer 10

1. common precursor in the bone marrow
2. production of neutrophils in about 6-10 days
3. growth factors–> proliferation, differentiation, function of mature cells

Question 11

white blood cells

1. cell surface receptors
2. enzymatic properties
3. sumembrane cytoskeleton
4. cytoplasm

Answer 11

1. cell surface receptors: IgG, complement, chemotactic factos, adhesion molecules
2. enzymatic properties: cell movement, membrane oxidase system
3. submembrane cytoskeleton: movement, pseudopod formation, phagocytosis
4. cytoplasm: granules- proteases and enzymes for killing infectious organisms

Question 12

directed locomotion of cells in response to
     a chemoattractant (signal)

Answer 12

chemotaxis

Question 13

a. cell surface
b. glycoprotein molecules – β2 integrin and selectin ligand which
bind to β2 ligand and selectin on the endothelial cells

Answer 13

leukocyte adhesion molecule

Question 14

a. complement cleavage fragments
b. products released by bacteria and host cells
c. neutrophils → C5a
d. receptors are G-protein coupled

Answer 14

chemoattractants

Question 15

opsonization

Answer 15

recognition of microbes through IgG and complement (C3b)

Question 16

phagocytosis

Answer 16

internalized

Question 17

neutralization oxygen independent

Answer 17

1. phagosome-lysosome fusion and acidification

2. hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes

Question 18

neutralization oxygen dependent

Answer 18

respiratory burst

Question 19

leukocytosis

Answer 19

increased white blood cell count

• neutrophilia most common

Question 20

neutropenia due to

Answer 20

low neutrophil count due to either decreased production or increased destruction

Question 21

1. 1:2,000 but usually a partial deficiency

2. respiratory burst affected but still able to produce H2O2

Answer 21

myeloperoxidase deficiency

Question 22

1. extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder
2. β2integrin and selectin ligand can not adhere to endothelial surfaces
3. unable to phagocytose bacteria coated with C-3
4. delayed loss of umbilical cord, poor wound healing, bacterial infections,
5. leukocytosis

Answer 22

leukocyte adhesion defect

Question 23

1. autosomal recessive
2. failure of phagolysosome formation, neutropenia 3. partial oculocutaneous albinism, giant lysosomes, neuropathy, lymphoma
3. recurrent skin and systemic infections, Staph aureus

Answer 23

chediak-higashi syndrome

Question 24

1. rare autosomal recessive
2. absence of specific granules
3. recurrent skin, ear and sinopulmonary infections

Answer 24

specific granule deficiency

Question 25

1. rare autosomal dominant, mutations in STAT3 gene 2. elevated IgE, eczema, recurrent skin and sinopulmonary infections 3. defect in chemotaxis

Answer 25

Hyperimmunoglobulin E, Recurrent Infection Syndrome (Job’s)

Question 26

1. x-linked recessive (gene codes for NADPH oxidase enzyme) 2. defect in the respiratory burst enzyme complex 3. severely diminished H2O2 production 4. microbes catalase positive→breaksdown H2O2 5. severe skin, sinopulmonary infections, granulomas, abcesses, sepsis 6. lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly 7. nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) test – negative in CGD

Answer 26

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)