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Abdo Pathology > REVIEW - Liver > Flashcards

REVIEW - Liver Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of hydatid disease

A

parasite - sheep cattle

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2
Q

sono appearance hydatid liver disease

A

cystic mass with smaller daughter cysts, lily-pad

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3
Q

most common benign tumour of liver

A

cavernous hemangioma

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4
Q

sono appearance hemangioma

A

homogenous, hyperechoic <3cm, hypovascular

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5
Q

what causes increased echogenicity of hemangioma?

A

numerous interfaces between walls of cavernous sinuses and blood within

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6
Q

is colour dop useful for hemangioma?

A

no, flow too slow

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7
Q

D/D when hemangioma is seen (2)

A

mets from colon/GI

HCC

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8
Q

if you’re differentiating between colon mets or HCC what would lab values or history indicate for either?

A

HCC- cirrhosis/hepatatis

colon mets - LFT increased

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9
Q

what lesion associated with bleeding/hemorrhage

A

adenomas

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10
Q

sono appearance adenoma

A

solitary, encapsulated, LARGE, hypo/iso/hyper

Complex due to hemorrhage; sono changes with duration of bleeding. at first echogenic –> after 1 week more hypo

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11
Q

why is resection of adenomas rec.?

A

hemorrhage risks and malignant degeneration

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12
Q

second most common benign tumour

A

FNH

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13
Q

sono app FNH

A

iso/hyper/hypo
stellate vascular pattern/spoke of wheel
central scar

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14
Q

assoc with OC (2)

A

adenomas

FNH

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15
Q

causes of fatty liver disease (you may not think)

A

pregnancy
cystic fibrosis
chemo
toxins

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16
Q

t/f fatty liver is not reversible

A

false

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17
Q

what changes from mild to severe fatty liver disease?

A

minimal diffuse increase in hepatic echogenicity to marked increase in echogenicity. poor penetration to posterior liver

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18
Q

important to image right kidney/liver interface

A

to compare echogenicity

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19
Q

3 mechanisms that combine to create cirrhosis

A

cell death
fibrosis
regeneration

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20
Q

most common cause of micronodular form of cirrhosis

A

alcohol consumption

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21
Q

most common cause of macronodular form of cirrhosis

A

chronic viral hepatitis

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22
Q

classic clinical presentation of cirrhosis (3)

A

hepatomegaly
jaundice
ascites

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23
Q

sono features of ascites (5)

A

volume redistribution (early-large, advanced - small)
coarse echotexture
nodular surface
portal hypertension

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24
Q

portal hypertension assoc with (3)

A

ascites
varices
splenomegaly

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25
Q

most common malignant liver tumour

A

HCC

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26
Q

two most common predisposing causes of HCC

A

alcoholism

hepatitis

27
Q

what does HCC invade (2)

A

portal vein

hepatic vein

28
Q

most common primary tumours that result in liver mets (6)

A 
GB
colon
stomach
panc
breast
lung
29
Q

what structures aid in the spread of disease

A

blood born- HA or PV

lymphatics - stomach, panc, ovary, uterus

30
Q

D/D for hyperechoic lesions in the liver other than mets?

A

hemangiomas (mets from colon hyperechoic)

31
Q

echogenic mets tend to arise from

A

GI tract/colon

HCC

32
Q

Hypoechoic mets arise from

A

Breast, lung, gastric, panc, esophageal

33
Q

Bulls eye mets

A

Lung

34
Q

8 causes hepatomegaly

A 
alcohol abuse
hepatitis
fatty infiltration
mononucleosis
hemochromatosis
primary liver cancer
leukemia
lymphoma
35
Q

3 stages of hematoma sono app

A

<24 hr echogenic
within 1st week hypo
2-3 wk indistinct, tissue granulation

36
Q

what am I: not on medication, single avascular hyperechoic lesion

A

hemangiomas

37
Q

what am I: incidental lesion, colour doppler indicated spoke wheel pattern Hx OC use

A

FNH

38
Q

what am I: OC, hypervascular, palpable

A

adenoma

39
Q

what am I: 50 yr old man, underdeveloped country, increased LFTs

A

hydatid disease

40
Q

what am I: fever, abdo pain, nausea, vomit, jaundice, leukocytosis, starry night sign

A

Hepatitis

41
Q

chronic hep can lead to

A

Cirrhosis
portal hypertension
HCC

42
Q

Fecal-oral route - which hepatitis?

A

A

43
Q

What am I: recent cholecystectomy following a bout of cholecystitis. presented with fever, malaise, anorexia, RUQ pain. Leukocytosis.

A

abscess

44
Q

what may be present with abscess?

A

gas - echogenic foci with artifact

45
Q

what am I: pt c/o distended abdo S/S hepatomegaly, jaundice. denies alcohol abuse. increased LFTs

A

cirrhosis

46
Q

causes of cirrhosis

A

alcohol primary, then Hep C

47
Q

w/a

immunosuppressed

A

candidiasis - multiple small abscesses

48
Q

w/a

bright periportal walls

A

hepatitis

49
Q

w/a

dilated portal tracts

A

schistosomiasis

50
Q

w/a

2nd most commonly benign liver lesion

A

FNH

51
Q

w/a

reversible metabolic disease

A

steatosis

52
Q

w/a

broken diaphragm sign

A

fatty tumour

53
Q

w/a

aurora sign

A

lung parenchymal disease

54
Q

w/a

collection of blood following trauma

A

hematoma

55
Q

w/a

gas producing bacteria in a collection

A

abscess

56
Q

w/a

focal mass on cirrhotic liver

A

HCC

57
Q

w/a

most common parasitic disease

A

schistosomiasis

58
Q

w/a

most common benign liver mass

A

hemangioma

59
Q

w/a

periportal hypoarea on fatty liver

A

focal sparing

60
Q

w/a

brightly echogenic enlarged liver

A

diffuse fatty infiltration

61
Q

w/a

anatomic variant seen in women

A

reidels lobe

62
Q

w/a

nodular liver with irregular contour

A

cirrhosis

63
Q

w/a

anechoic, smooth walls, posterior enhancement

A

simple cyst

64
Q

w/a

daughter cyst

A

hydatid disease

Abdo Pathology (24 decks)

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