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Abdo Pathology > Urinary - Part 2 (genitourinary infections + calculi) > Flashcards

Urinary - Part 2 (genitourinary infections + calculi) Flashcards

1
Q

UTI in bladder

A

acute pyelonephritis

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2
Q

common in diabetic women (3)

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis
emphysematous pyelitis,
xanthrogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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3
Q

emergency nephrectomy treatment

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

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4
Q

chronic suppurative renal infection

A

xanthrogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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5
Q

loss of corticomedullary differentiation (2)

A

pyelonephritis

acute + xanth

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6
Q

untreated pyelonephritis leads to

A

necrosis + abscess (renal/perinephric)

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7
Q

sono app renal abscess

A

round, thick walled, debris and septations, gas, posterior enhancement

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8
Q

pyonephrosis

A

purulent material in obstructed collecting system - mobile debris

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9
Q

cause of pyonephrosis in elder

A

malignant ureteral obstruction

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10
Q

cause of pyonephrosis in young (2)

A

UPJ obstruction

calculi

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11
Q

xanthrogranulomatous pyelo uni or bilateral

A

unilateral

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12
Q

______ leads to papillary necrosis

A

ischemia

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13
Q

most common funcal infection

A

candida albicans

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14
Q

candida albicans sono app

A

small cortical abscesses

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15
Q

most common parasitic infection

A

schistosomiasis

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16
Q

sono app schistosomiasis

A

wide portal tracts

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17
Q

parasitic infection contracted from cow/sheep

A

echinococcal hydatid renal disease

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18
Q

sono app echinococcal hydatid

A

daughter cyst/lillypad

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19
Q

what parasitic infection is US not helpful in diagnosing?

A

Filiarasis

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20
Q

Filiarisis contracted by ____, symptoms show after how long, in what age group

A

mosquitoes, after 5-20 years, children

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21
Q

t/f HIV associated with chronic renal disease

A

true

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22
Q

who are at an increased risk for bladder infections? why?

A

women because short urethra

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23
Q

what is the most common pathogen for bladder infection?

A

e.coli

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24
Q

emphysematous cystitis

A

gas in lumen and wall of bladder

25
Q

what is a rare granuloma infection?

A

malacoplakia

26
Q

what is brunns epithelial nests associated with? what are they?

A

chronic cystitis, brunns epi nests are in the bladder wall. of central portion of brunns nest degenerations – cystitis cystica results. With chronic irritation, can become glandularis

27
Q

what causes fistulas

A

trauma
inflammation
radiation
neoplasm

28
Q

where might a fistula occur (5)

A

bladder to vag, gut, skin, uterus, ureter

29
Q

types of fistulas related to bladder (4)

A

vesicovaginal (surgery/carcinoma)
vesicoenteric (diverticul/chrons)
vesicocutaneous (surgery/trauma)
vesicoureteral (hysterectomy)

30
Q

bladder condition most common in men

A

nephrolithiasis

31
Q

3 most common areas kidney stone

A
  1. UPJ
  2. where ureter crosses iliac vessels
  3. UVJ
32
Q

what is the most common symptom of kidney stone

A

flank pain

33
Q

what mm will stones pass spontaneously

A

<5 mm

34
Q

artifact assoc with stones

A

twinkel

35
Q

t/f intrarenal gas can mimic calculi

A

true

36
Q

Hydroureter sono app

A

dilated, hypoechoic tube entering bladder obliquely. anechoic ureter on either side of stone

37
Q

hydronephrosis occurs when

A

ureteral calculus obstructs collecting system causing backup - dilated calyces connect with dilated renal pelvis

38
Q

s/s hydronephrosis

A

flank pain, hematuria, fever, leukocytosis

39
Q

s/s of staghorn calculi (3)

A

flank pain
hematuria
fever

40
Q

if you see extrarenal pelvis variant, what could that indicate?

A

calculi obstruction

41
Q

medullary pyrimads surrounded by calcium deposits with acoustic shadowing

A

nephrocalcinosis

42
Q

nephrocalcinosis may be ___ or ____

A

dystrophic or metastatic

43
Q

causes of chronic renal failure (5)

A 
glomerulonephritis
hypertension
vascular disease
diabetes mellitus
chronic hydronephrosis
44
Q

lab findings of chronic renal failure

A

elevated BUN & creatinine, proteinuria

45
Q

s/s chronic renal failure

A 
polyuria
headaches
fatigue
weakness
anemia
46
Q

sono findings chronic renal failure

A

renal atrophy
hyperechoic parenchyma or isoechoic / cannot distinguish from surrounding tissue
cortical thinning <1cm

47
Q

sono app acute pyelonephritis (7)

A 
renal enlargement
compression sinus
abnormal ecotexture
loss corticomedull diff
poorly marginated
gas within renal parenchyma
echo/hypo or mixed
48
Q

sono app renal abscess (3+2 sometimes)

A 
round
thick walled
hypo
sometimes:
debris/septation + gas/dirty shadow
49
Q

what does pyonephrosis imply

A

purulent material in an obstructed collecting system

50
Q

sono app chronic pyelonephritis (3)

A

cortical thinning/scar

dilated calix

51
Q

patients at risk of necrosis/abscess formation with pyelonephritis (5)

A 
diabetes
compromised immunity
chronic disease
UT obstruction
IV drug use
52
Q

sono app pyonephrosis (3)

A

mobile collecting system debris
gas/stones
fluid/debris level

53
Q

emphysematous pyelonephritis vs pyelitis

A

pyelo- gas formation in kidney parenchyma

pyelitis- gas formation in collecting system only (pelvis/calyces)

54
Q

what is chronic pyelonephritis associated with

A

interstitial nephritis with vesicoureteric reflux - reflux can lead to end stage renal disease

55
Q

is xantho pyelonephritis uni or bilateral

diffuse or focal?

A

unilateral

can be diffuse, focal AND segmental

56
Q

what is xantho pyelonephritis

A

chronic suppurative renal infection causing destruction of renal parenchyma and replacement of it with lipid-laden macrophages

57
Q

what does this sono description fit: swollen pyramids, clubbed calyx, hydronephrosis

A

papillary necrosis

58
Q

patients at risk of candida albicans have history of (7)

A 
diabetes mellitus
chronic indwelling catheters
malignancy
hematopoeitic disorders
antibiotic/steroid therapy
transplant
IV drug use
59
Q

list 3 parasitic diseases

A

schistosomiasis
hydatid disease
filariasis

Abdo Pathology (24 decks)

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