Urinary - Part 2 (genitourinary infections + calculi)

Question 1

UTI in bladder

Answer 1

acute pyelonephritis

Question 2

common in diabetic women (3)

Answer 2

emphysematous pyelonephritis
emphysematous pyelitis,
xanthrogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Question 3

emergency nephrectomy treatment

Answer 3

emphysematous pyelonephritis

Question 4

chronic suppurative renal infection

Answer 4

xanthrogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Question 5

loss of corticomedullary differentiation (2)

Answer 5

pyelonephritis

acute + xanth

Question 6

untreated pyelonephritis leads to

Answer 6

necrosis + abscess (renal/perinephric)

Question 7

sono app renal abscess

Answer 7

round, thick walled, debris and septations, gas, posterior enhancement

Question 8

pyonephrosis

Answer 8

purulent material in obstructed collecting system - mobile debris

Question 9

cause of pyonephrosis in elder

Answer 9

malignant ureteral obstruction

Question 10

cause of pyonephrosis in young (2)

Answer 10

UPJ obstruction

calculi

Question 11

xanthrogranulomatous pyelo uni or bilateral

Answer 11

unilateral

Question 12

______ leads to papillary necrosis

Answer 12

ischemia

Question 13

most common funcal infection

Answer 13

candida albicans

Question 14

candida albicans sono app

Answer 14

small cortical abscesses

Question 15

most common parasitic infection

Answer 15

schistosomiasis

Question 16

sono app schistosomiasis

Answer 16

wide portal tracts

Question 17

parasitic infection contracted from cow/sheep

Answer 17

echinococcal hydatid renal disease

Question 18

sono app echinococcal hydatid

Answer 18

daughter cyst/lillypad

Question 19

what parasitic infection is US not helpful in diagnosing?

Answer 19

Filiarasis

Question 20

Filiarisis contracted by ____, symptoms show after how long, in what age group

Answer 20

mosquitoes, after 5-20 years, children

Question 21

t/f HIV associated with chronic renal disease

Answer 21

true

Question 22

who are at an increased risk for bladder infections? why?

Answer 22

women because short urethra

Question 23

what is the most common pathogen for bladder infection?

Answer 23

e.coli

Question 24

emphysematous cystitis

Answer 24

gas in lumen and wall of bladder

Question 25

what is a rare granuloma infection?

Answer 25

malacoplakia

Question 26

what is brunns epithelial nests associated with? what are they?

Answer 26

chronic cystitis, brunns epi nests are in the bladder wall. of central portion of brunns nest degenerations -- cystitis cystica results. With chronic irritation, can become glandularis

Question 27

what causes fistulas

Answer 27

trauma inflammation radiation neoplasm

Question 28

where might a fistula occur (5)

Answer 28

bladder to vag, gut, skin, uterus, ureter

Question 29

types of fistulas related to bladder (4)

Answer 29

vesicovaginal (surgery/carcinoma) vesicoenteric (diverticul/chrons) vesicocutaneous (surgery/trauma) vesicoureteral (hysterectomy)

Question 30

bladder condition most common in men

Answer 30

nephrolithiasis

Question 31

3 most common areas kidney stone

Answer 31

1. UPJ 2. where ureter crosses iliac vessels 3. UVJ

Question 32

what is the most common symptom of kidney stone

Answer 32

flank pain

Question 33

what mm will stones pass spontaneously

Answer 33

<5 mm

Question 34

artifact assoc with stones

Answer 34

twinkel

Question 35

t/f intrarenal gas can mimic calculi

Answer 35

true

Question 36

Hydroureter sono app

Answer 36

dilated, hypoechoic tube entering bladder obliquely. anechoic ureter on either side of stone

Question 37

hydronephrosis occurs when

Answer 37

ureteral calculus obstructs collecting system causing backup - dilated calyces connect with dilated renal pelvis

Question 38

s/s hydronephrosis

Answer 38

flank pain, hematuria, fever, leukocytosis

Question 39

s/s of staghorn calculi (3)

Answer 39

flank pain hematuria fever

Question 40

if you see extrarenal pelvis variant, what could that indicate?

Answer 40

calculi obstruction

Question 41

medullary pyrimads surrounded by calcium deposits with acoustic shadowing

Answer 41

nephrocalcinosis

Question 42

nephrocalcinosis may be ___ or ____

Answer 42

dystrophic or metastatic

Question 43

causes of chronic renal failure (5)

Answer 43

``` glomerulonephritis hypertension vascular disease diabetes mellitus chronic hydronephrosis ```

Question 44

lab findings of chronic renal failure

Answer 44

elevated BUN & creatinine, proteinuria

Question 45

s/s chronic renal failure

Answer 45

``` polyuria headaches fatigue weakness anemia ```

Question 46

sono findings chronic renal failure

Answer 46

renal atrophy hyperechoic parenchyma or isoechoic / cannot distinguish from surrounding tissue cortical thinning <1cm

Question 47

sono app acute pyelonephritis (7)

Answer 47

``` renal enlargement compression sinus abnormal ecotexture loss corticomedull diff poorly marginated gas within renal parenchyma echo/hypo or mixed ```

Question 48

sono app renal abscess (3+2 sometimes)

Answer 48

``` round thick walled hypo sometimes: debris/septation + gas/dirty shadow ```

Question 49

what does pyonephrosis imply

Answer 49

purulent material in an obstructed collecting system

Question 50

sono app chronic pyelonephritis (3)

Answer 50

cortical thinning/scar | dilated calix

Question 51

patients at risk of necrosis/abscess formation with pyelonephritis (5)

Answer 51

``` diabetes compromised immunity chronic disease UT obstruction IV drug use ```

Question 52

sono app pyonephrosis (3)

Answer 52

mobile collecting system debris gas/stones fluid/debris level

Question 53

emphysematous pyelonephritis vs pyelitis

Answer 53

pyelo- gas formation in kidney parenchyma | pyelitis- gas formation in collecting system only (pelvis/calyces)

Question 54

what is chronic pyelonephritis associated with

Answer 54

interstitial nephritis with vesicoureteric reflux - reflux can lead to end stage renal disease

Question 55

is xantho pyelonephritis uni or bilateral | diffuse or focal?

Answer 55

unilateral | can be diffuse, focal AND segmental

Question 56

what is xantho pyelonephritis

Answer 56

chronic suppurative renal infection causing destruction of renal parenchyma and replacement of it with lipid-laden macrophages

Question 57

what does this sono description fit: swollen pyramids, clubbed calyx, hydronephrosis

Answer 57

papillary necrosis

Question 58

patients at risk of candida albicans have history of (7)

Answer 58

``` diabetes mellitus chronic indwelling catheters malignancy hematopoeitic disorders antibiotic/steroid therapy transplant IV drug use ```

Question 59

list 3 parasitic diseases

Answer 59

schistosomiasis hydatid disease filariasis