Revision 6C

Question 1

Heuristics

Answer 1

cognitive strategies for mental shortcuts that enable individuals to form judgements and opinions efficiently and quickly.

Question 2

base rate fallacy

Answer 2

a type of bias in which decisions are influenced more by memories and experiences rather than statistical fact.

Question 3

anchoring heuristic

Answer 3

forming judgements from first information received about an idea or concept

Question 4

availability heuristic

Answer 4

“accessible heuristic”, forming judgments based on information that is easily available.

Question 5

representative heuristic

Answer 5

making categorical judgements based on similar characteristics to those in the same category

Question 6

affect heuristic

Answer 6

making decisions using emotions

Question 7

Social identity theory 

Answer 7

the tendency for people to favour their in-group over an out-group in order to enhance their sense of
self-esteem

Question 8

Social loafing 

Answer 8

an individual’s reduction in effort when work is performed in a group as compared to individually,
due to the belief that others will put in the effort

Question 9

Culture

Answer 9

the customs, behaviours, and values
of a particular group in society

Question 10

Individualist culture 

Answer 10

a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of individuals and values
independence

Question 11

Collectivist culture 

Answer 11

a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of groups