Revision questions - biochemistry and metabolism

Question 1

1. What is the metabolic pathway by which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen? (slide 4)
   
   1. Glycolysis
   2. Electron transport chain
   3. Phosphorylation
   4. TCA cycle

Answer 1

a. Glycolysis

Question 2

1. Each step in a metabolic pathway usually requires something to help it proceed. What is this chemical? (slide 5)
   
   1. Acid
   2. Hormone
   3. Enzyme
   4. Protein

Answer 2

c. Enzyme

Question 3

1. Enzyme names always end in what 3 letters? (slide 5)
   
   1. –ate
   2. –ase
   3. –ion
   4. –ene

Answer 3

b. –ase

Question 4

1. All the steps in glycolysis produce ATP? (slide 6)
   
   1. True
   2. False

Answer 4

b. False

Question 5

1. In cellular metabolism what is the order of breakdown to provide energy? (slide 10)
   
   1. Carbohydrate, protein, lipids
   2. Carbohydrate, lipids, protein
   3. Protein, lipids
   4. Carbohydrate, lipids

Answer 5

d. Carbohydrate, lipids

Question 6

1. The breakdown of nutrients or metabolites is called what? (slide 10)
   
   1. Anabolism
   2. Catabolism
   3. Metabolism

Answer 6

b. Catabolism

Question 7

1. Where is most ATP formed? (slide 13)
   
   1. The mitochondria
   2. The nucleus
   3. The ribosomes
   4. The cell cytosol

Answer 7

a. The mitochondria

Question 8

1. Anabolism produces energy (slide 15)
   
   1. True
   2. False

Answer 8

b. False

Question 9

1. Cells need to synthesise new organic modules. Which of the following is not a main requirement? (slide 16)
   
   1. Structural maintenance and repairs
   2. Growth
   3. Production of secretions
   4. Catabolism of nutrients

Answer 9

d. Catabolism of nutrients

Question 10

1. Metabolic turnover is: (slide 17)
   
   1. The one-off replacement of cell membranes
   2. The continual replacement of mitochondria
   3. The continual usage and replacement of glycogen in the liver
   4. The continual replacement of cell components

Answer 10

d. The continual replacement of cell components

Question 11

1. All cell components are replaced at the same rate. (slide 17)
   
   1. True
   2. False

Answer 11

b. False

Question 12

1. Metabolic turnover does not require ATP (slide 18)
   
   1. True
   2. False

Answer 12

b. False

Question 13

1. What are the two principal metabolic pathways in the mitochondria? (slide 21)
   
   1. The TCA cycle and the ETC
   2. Glycolysis and ETC
   3. Gluconeogenesis and Krebs Cycle
   4. Glycogenolysis and ETC

Answer 13

a. The TCA cycle and the ETC

Question 14

1. In glycolysis how many pyruvate molecules are produced from each glucose molecule? (slide 21)
   
   1. 1
   2. 2
   3. 3
   4. None

Answer 14

b. 2

Question 15

1. Which molecule enters the mitochrondria and the TCA cycle? (slide 27)
   
   1. Glucose
   2. Glycogen
   3. Pyruvic acid
   4. Lactic acid

Answer 15

c. Pyruvic acid

Question 16

1. What is gluconeogenesis? (slide 29)
   
   1. The synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrate precursors
   2. The synthesis of glucose from fats
   3. The synthesis of glycogen
   4. The synthesis of glycogen specifically from fats

Answer 16

a. The synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrate precursors

Question 17

1. What is glycogensis? (slide 29)
   
   1. The synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrate precursors
   2. The synthesis of glucose from fats
   3. The synthesis of glycogen
   4. The synthesis of glycogen specifically from fats

Answer 17

c. The synthesis of glycogen

Question 18

1. What is the breakdown of lipids known as? (slide 32)
   
   1. Lipolysis
   2. Lipogenesis
   3. Glycerolysis
   4. Glycolysis

Answer 18

a. Lipolysis

Question 19

1. Fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondrion in which metabolic pathway? (slide 32)
   
   1. Electron transport chain
   2. TCA cycle
   3. Beta-oxidation
   4. Citric acid cycle

Answer 19

c. Beta-oxidation

Question 20

1. Linoleic acid is an example of what? (slide 34)
   
   1. An essential fatty acid
   2. A non-essential fatty acid
   3. An essential amino acid
   4. A non-essential amino acid

Answer 20

a. An essential fatty acid

Question 21

1. What is a lipoprotein? (slide 35)
   
   1. A fatty protein
   2. A lipid-protein complex
   3. A protein stored in subcutaneous fat
   4. A fatty acid stored in muscle tissue

Answer 21

b. A lipid-protein complex

Question 22

1. How many classes of lipoprotein are there? (slide 35)
   
   1. 1
   2. 2
   3. 5
   4. 10

Answer 22

c. 5

Question 23

1. What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down complex lipids? (slide 36)
   
   1. Liporotein lipase
   2. Protolipid lipase
   3. Lipoprotein acid
   4. Lipoprotein hormone

Answer 23

a. Liporotein lipase

Question 24

1. What do chylomicrons do? (slide 35)
   
   1. Transport glucose from the gut
   2. Transport amino acids from the gut
   3. Transport lipids from the gut
   4. Transport enzymes from the gut

Answer 24

c. Transport lipids from the gut

Question 25

1. Roughly how many amino acids does the body use? (slide 39) 1. 5 2. 10 3. 20 4. 40

Answer 25

c. 20

Question 26

1. The amino acids the body cannot make are known as what? (slide 39) 1. Emergency amino acids 2. Important amino acids 3. Redundant amino acids 4. Essential amino acids

Answer 26

d. Essential amino acids

Question 27

1. If proteins are metabolised, what is the first group removed? (slide 40) 1. Amino group 2. Carboxyllic group 3. R group 4. Hydroxyl

Answer 27

a. Amino group

Question 28

1. Once the group has been removed which of the following occurs? (slide 41) 1. They are merged to make longer carbon chains 2. The double bonds are broken to release energy 3. They are broken down to small carbon chain molecules 4. Surplus nitrogen is removed 5. They are oxidised in the cori cycle

Answer 28

c. They are broken down to small carbon chain molecules

Question 29

1. Where does protein synthesis occur? (slide 43) 1. In the nucleus 2. On the ribosomes 3. In the mitochondria 4. In the cytoplasm

Answer 29

b. On the ribosomes

Question 30

1. Which of the following is true? C = carbohydrate, F = fat (slide 45) 1. C can be converted into F, F can be converted into C 2. C cannot be converted into F, but F can be converted into C 3. C cannot be converted into F and F cannot be converted into F 4. C can be converted into F but F cannot be converted into C

Answer 30

d. C can be converted into F but F cannot be converted into C

Question 31

1. Nucelic acids contribute significantly to energy reserves. (slide 47) 1. True 2. False

Answer 31

b. False

Question 32

1. Metabolic activities require coordination: (slide 49) 1. Over time 2. Over space 3. Over time and space

Answer 32

c. Over time and space

Question 33

1. Which of the following is a focal point for metabolic regulation and control? (slide 50) 1. The liver 2. Adipose tissue 3. The endocrine system 4. The kidneys

Answer 33

a. The liver

Question 34

1. Which is the only substrate that can be used by neural tissue? (slide 50) 1. Lipids 2. Amino acids 3. Glucose 4. Glycogen

Answer 34

c. Glucose

Question 35

1. What do adipocytes store? (slide 51) 1. Triglyceride 2. Amino acids 3. Glycogen 4. Free fatty acids

Answer 35

a. Triglyceride

Question 36

1. Carbohydrates are stored as (slide 51) 1. Glycogen 2. Glucose 3. Triglycerides 4. Glycogen and/or fat

Answer 36

d. Glycogen and/or fat

Question 37

1. The uptake and storage of energy substrates are stimulated by what hormone? (slide 52) 1. Insulin 2. Glucagon 3. Oxytoxin 4. Ghrelin

Answer 37

a. Insulin

Question 38

1. What is the ‘absorptive’ state? (slide 51) 1. The period immediately following a meal 2. The period before a meal 3. The period between meals

Answer 38

a. The period immediately following a meal

Question 39

1. Which substrate forms the biggest reserve? 1. Lipids 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates

Answer 39

a. Lipids

Question 40

1. Why are glycogen stores important? (slide 54) 1. They are readily accessible 2. They are very compact 3. They are slow to reabsorb 4. They are only stored in the muscle

Answer 40

a. They are readily accessible