Revision questions - respiratory system

Question 1

1. What is respiration? (slide 4)
   
   1. All processes in the body concerned with supply and utilisation of oxygen
   2. All the processes in the body concerned with the production and removal of carbon dioxide
   3. A and B
   4. None of the above

Answer 1

c. A and B

Question 2

1. Where is the electron transport chain located? (slide 5)
   
   1. Mitochondria
   2. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
   3. Nucleus
   4. T tubules

Answer 2

a. Mitochondria

Question 3

1. Oxidative phosphorylation ultimately produces: (slide 5)
   
   1. ATP + CO2
   2. ATP + NAD⁺
   3. CO₂ + H₂0
   4. ATP + H₂O + NAD⁺

Answer 3

d. ATP + H₂O + NAD⁺

Question 4

1. _i_n produced in the ­ cycle. (slide 6)
   
   1. Carbon monoxide, Krebs
   2. Carbon dioxide, Acetyl-A
   3. Carboxyllic acid, Krebs
   4. Carbon dioxide, Krebs

Answer 4

d. Carbon dioxide, Krebs

Question 5

1. External respiration is: (slide 12)
   
   1. Air moving in and out of the lungs from the outside
   2. The transport of air from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries
   3. Breathing while outside
   4. The transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood vessels from pulmonary capillaries to the heart

Answer 5

a. Air moving in and out of the lungs from the outside

Question 6

1. Diffusion is:
   
   1. Active movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to high concentration
   2. Passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration
   3. Active movement of a substance through a selectively permeable membrane
   4. Passive movement of a substance through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 6

b. Passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 7

1. Which structures are shared between the respiratory and gastrointestinal system? (slide 13)
   
   1. Nasal cavity + trachea
   2. Oesophagus + larynx
   3. Trachea + oesophagus
   4. Pharynx and Mouth

Answer 7

Pharynx and Mouth

Question 8

1. What is the stage of respiration between external and internal respiration? (slide 10)
   
   1. Osmosis
   2. Blood gas transport
   3. Tissue gas exchange
   4. Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 8

b. Blood gas transport

Question 9

1. The respiratory system includes the following organs (slide 13):
   
   1. Nose, trachea, oesophagus, lungs,
   2. Nose, mouth, airways, lungs
   3. Mouth, lungs, diaphragm
   4. Nose, mouth, lungs, diaphragm

Answer 9

b. Nose, mouth, airways, lungs

Question 10

1. In order from outside to inside:
   
   1. Trachea, Larynx, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Alevoli
   2. Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Alveoli
   3. Larynx, Trachea, Bronchiole, Alveloli, Bronchus
   4. Alveoli, Bronchiole, Bronchus, Trachea, Larynx

Answer 10

b. Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Alveoli

Question 11

1. The 4 tissue types in the human body are: (slide 14)
   
   1. fat, muscle, bone
   2. epithelial, cardiac, smooth, peripheral
   3. cardiovascular, muscular, digestive, nervous
   4. epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

Answer 11

d. epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

Question 12

1. The conducting zone: (slide 18)
   
   1. Get O2 into the blood
   2. Gets O2 into the blood and CO2 out of the blood
   3. Gets air into the lungs
   4. Is the area in the myelin sheath where sodium and potassium ions cross the nerve cell membrane

Answer 12

c. Gets air into the lungs

Question 13

1. How many alveoli does human lung tissue normally contain: (slide 22)
   
   1. 8 x 10² alveoli
   2. 8 x 10³ alveoli
   3. 8 x 10⁶ alveoli
   4. 8 x 10¹² alveoli

Answer 13

c. 8 x 10⁶ alveoli

Question 14

1. Alveolar and capillary walls are approximately how thick?
   
   1. 0.5mm
   2. 0.5µm
   3. 0.5cm
   4. 0.5m

Answer 14

b. 0.5µm

Question 15

1. What is the name of the muscle at the base of the lungs that aids inspiration? (slide 25)
   
   1. Rectus abdominus
   2. Transverse abdominis
   3. Diaphragm
   4. External intercostals (these are the muscles in the rib cage that aid inspiration)

Answer 15

c. Diaphragm

Question 16

1. From inside to outside which is the correct order? (slidd 25)
   
   1. Visceral pleura, intrapleural fluid, parietal pleura
   2. Intrapleural fluid, visceral pleura, parietal pleura
   3. Parietal pleura, intrapleural fluid, visceral pleura

Answer 16

a. Visceral pleura, intrapleural fluid, parietal pleura

Question 17

1. Whose law describes how air moves into the lungs? (slide 28)
   
   1. Boyle’s Law?
   2. Hooke’s Law?
   3. Charles’ Law?
   4. Avogadro’s Law?

Answer 17

a. Boyle’s Law?

Question 18

1. When the diaphragm contracts: (slide 27)
   
   1. The muscle lowers and air is expelled from the lungs
   2. The muscle rises and air moves into the lungs
   3. The muscle lowers and air moves into the lungs
   4. The muscle rises and air moves out of the lungs

Answer 18

c. The muscle lowers and air moves into the lungs

Question 19

1. TV (Tidal volume) is: (slide 35)
   
   1. The total amount of air that can be inspired/expired
   2. The amount of air moved in (or out) of the airways in a single breath
   3. The amount of blood pumped in a single heart beat
   4. The air remaining in the lungs after a full exhalation

Answer 19

b. The amount of air moved in (or out) of the airways in a single breath

Question 20

1. IRV (Inspiratory reserve volume) is: (slide 35)
   
   1. TLC – TV – FRC
   2. Maximal inspiration at end of tidal volume
   3. Inspiratory capacity – TV
   4. All of the above

Answer 20

d. All of the above

Question 21

1. ERV (Expiratory reserve volume) is: (slidd 35)
   
   1. Maximum expiration at end of tidal expiration
   2. Air remaining in lungs at end of maximal expiration
   3. TLC – IRV – RV
   4. FRC + RV

Answer 21

a. Maximum expiration at end of tidal expiration

Question 22

1. VC = (slide 35)
   
   1. TV + IRV + ERV
   2. IRV + ERV
   3. FRC + TV
   4. TLC + RV

Answer 22

a. TV + IRV + ERV

Question 23

1. RV is: (slide 35)
   
   1. The amount of air we cannot breath out however much we try
   2. Volume in lungs after maximum expiration
   3. FRC – ERV
   4. All of the above

Answer 23

d. All of the above

Question 24

1. What is the ratio between O₂ consumed and CO₂ produced known as?
   
   1. Respiratory exchange ratio
   2. Peak flow ratio
   3. Forced expiratory ratio
   4. Ventilation ratio

Answer 24

a. Respiratory exchange ratio

Question 25

1. What is minute volume? (slide 38) 1. The smallest volume of air we can breathe in 2. The amount of oxygen inspired in one minute 3. The total amount of air taken into the lungs in one minute (or expired) 4. The smallest volume of sound we can hear

Answer 25

c. The total amount of air taken into the lungs in one minute (or expired)

Question 26

1. What is minute volume determined by? (slide 38) 1. Breathing frequency 2. Tidal volume 3. Breathing frequency and tidal volume 4. Total Lung Capacity and partial pressure of inspired O₂

Answer 26

c. Breathing frequency and tidal volume

Question 27

1. Tidal volume is approximately: (slide 39) 1. 50ml 2. 500ml 3. 5000ml 4. 50000ml

Answer 27

b. 500ml

Question 28

1. The name of the air that fills the nose, mouth, trachea, and other non diffusible conducting portions of the respiratory tract: (slide 18) 1. Dead space 2. Live space 3. Conducting zone 4. Non conducting space

Answer 28

c. Conducting zone

Question 29

1. Alveolar ventilation is: 1. The amount of air that participates in gas exchange 2. Written as V_A 3. Approximately 4.2 L·min^-1 4. All of the above

Answer 29

d. All of the above

Question 30

1. At **rest** VE = 5 L·min^-1, f = 12 min^-1 and VD = 0.15L, V_A = (slide 37) 1. 5 – 12\*0.15 = 3.2 L·min^-1 2. 5 + 12\*0.15 = 6.8 L·min^-1 3. 5 \* 12 \* 0.15 = 9 L 4. 0.15\*5 + 12 = 12.75 L

Answer 30

a. 5 – 12\*0.15 = 3.2 L·min^-1

Question 31

1. During heavy exercise: (slide 37) 1. VE increases 2. F increases 3. VD increases 4. All of the above

Answer 31

d. All of the above

Question 32

1. During maximal exercise minute volume can increase to: (slide 39) 1. 8 L·min^-1 2. 80 L·min^-1 3. 180 L·min^-1 4. 300 L·min^-1

Answer 32

c. 180 L·min^-1

Question 33

1. Tidal volume at rest and maximum aerobic exercise are: (slide 38) 1. 0.3 and 3 L·min^-1 2. 3 and 0.5 L 3. 0.5 and 3 L 4. 5 and 15 L·min^-1

Answer 33

c. 0.5 and 3 L

Question 34

1. Oxygenated blood is ejected from the heart via the: (slide 41) 1. Right atrium 2. Left atrium 3. Left ventricle 4. Right Ventricle

Answer 34

c. Left ventricle

Question 35

1. Oxygen in the lungs moves into the blood stream via: (slide 42) 1. Diffusion into the pulmonary capillaries 2. Osmosis into the pulmonary veins 3. Active transport into pulmonary capillaries 4. Active transport into epithelial tissue

Answer 35

a. Diffusion into the pulmonary capillaries

Question 36

1. CO₂ diffuses into the blood in the: (slide 44) 1. systemic capillaries 2. capillary bed 3. capillary buds 4. systemic veins

Answer 36

a. systemic capillaries

Question 37

1. The majority of oxygen is transported around the body: (slide 46) 1. Dissolved in blood plasma 2. Dissolved in water 3. Attached to haemoglobin 4. Attached to carboxyhaemoglobin

Answer 37

c. Attached to haemoglobin

Question 38

1. A haemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve shows: (slide 47) 1. The percentage saturation of Hb at different partial pressures of oxygen 2. The volume of oxygen attached to haemoglobin at different altitudes 3. The percentage of formed elements in blood 4. The percentage of red blood cells in the blood

Answer 38

a. The percentage saturation of Hb at different partial pressures of oxygen

Question 39

1. CO₂ is carried in the blood: (slide 51) 1. Dissolved in plasma 2. Bound to various proteins 3. As carbonic acid 4. All of the above

Answer 39

d. All of the above

Question 40

1. The percentage of nitrogen in inspired and expired air is: 1. 21 and 21 2. 21 and 78 3. 78 and 21 4. 78 and 78

Answer 40

d. 78 and 78

Question 41

1. The energy rich compound generated as a final product during respiration is: 1. NADH 2. FADH 3. ATP 4. ADP

Answer 41

c. ATP

Question 42

1. Lowering the diaphragm results in: 1. Inspiration 2. Expiration 3. It is not related to either 4. Digestion

Answer 42

a. Inspiration

Question 43

1. Which of the following are the states of respiration in the correct order? 1. gaseous transport, breathing, tissue respiration and cellular respiration 2. breathing, gaseous transport, tissue respiration and cellular respiration 3. breathing, gaseous transport, cellular respiration and tissue respiration 4. breathing, tissue respiration, cellular respiration and gaseous transport

Answer 43

b. breathing, gaseous transport, tissue respiration and cellular respiration

Question 44

1. The instrument used to measure the volume of respired gases is: 1. Respiroscope 2. Spirometer 3. Barometer 4. Thermometer

Answer 44

b. Spirometer

Question 45

1. Maximum CO₂ concentration will be in the: 1. Inspired air 2. Expired air 3. Dead space air 4. All will be the same (would be true for Nitrogen)

Answer 45

b. Expired air