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Human Physiology and Training Principles > Revision questions - cardiovascular system and training > Flashcards

Revision questions - cardiovascular system and training Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What elements form the cardiovascular system?
    1. Heart
    2. Blood vessels
    3. Blood
    4. All of the above
A

d. All of the above

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2
Q

The systemic system:

  1. Pumps blood only to all systems except the brain
  2. Pumps only oxygenated blood to the body
  3. Pumps blood all around the body including lungs
  4. Pumps blood all around the body except the lungs
A

d. Pumps blood all around the body except the lungs

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3
Q

The pulmonary circulation sends:

  1. Deoxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the lungs
  2. Sends oxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
  3. Sends deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
  4. Sends oxygenated blood from the lungs to the right side of the heart
A

c. Sends deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

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4
Q

Partially deoxygenated blood (slide 6)

  1. Returns from the body to the right atrium
  2. Is sent from the left ventricle to the lungs
  3. Returns from the lungs into the left atrium
  4. Is sent from the right ventricle to the body
A

a. Returns from the body to the right atrium

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5
Q

Veins only carry deoxygenated blood: (slide 4)

  1. True
  2. False
A

b. False

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6
Q

The heart has 4 chambers made up of: (slide 10):

  1. 4 ventricles
  2. 2 atria and 2 ventricles
  3. A random number of atrial valves
A

b. 2 atria and 2 ventricles

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7
Q

The chambers of the heart are surrounded by: (slide 10)

  1. Smooth muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Skeletal muscle
  4. All of the above
A

b. Cardiac muscle

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8
Q

The path of blood through the heart is: (slide 11)

  1. RA –> RV –> LA –> LV
  2. RV –> RA –> LV –> LA
  3. RV –> LV –> RA –> LA
  4. LV –> RA –> LA –> RV
A

a. RA –> RV –> LA –> LV

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9
Q

After leaving the RV, goes to the . (slide 11)

  1. Oxygenated blood, body
  2. Oxygenated blood, lungs
  3. Deoxygenated blood, body
  4. Deoxygenated blood, lungs
A

d. Deoxygenated blood, lungs

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10
Q

The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than the right. (slide 12)

  1. True
  2. False
A

a. True

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11
Q

What is the name of the vessel that leaves the heart with oxygenated blood? (slide 13)

  1. Vena cava
  2. Pulmonary Artery
  3. Aorta
  4. Cardiac Artery
  5. Coronary Artery
A

c. Aorta

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12
Q

Which is the smaller ventricle, right or left? (Including myocardium) (slide 13)

  1. Right
  2. Left
A

a. Right

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13
Q

What separates the right atria from the right ventricles? (slide 14)

  1. Pulmonary valve
  2. Aortic valve
  3. Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
  4. Left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid/mitral valve)
A

c. Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

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14
Q

What is the order of the layers of the hart from inside to outside? (slide 16)

  1. Endocardium, epicardium, myocardium, pericardium
  2. Percardium, epicardium, endocardium
  3. Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium
  4. Epicardium, pericardium, Endosteum
A

c. Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium

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15
Q

What structures deliver blood to the heart muscle? (slide 18)

  1. Aorta
  2. Pulmonary artery
  3. Cardiac arteries
  4. Coronary arteries
A

d. Coronary arteries

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16
Q

An approximate stroke volume at rest is: (slide 27)

  1. 4-5ml
  2. 50-70ml
  3. 400-500ml
  4. 800-1000ml
A

b. 50-70ml

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17
Q

The initial heart contraction starts in the: (slide 23)

  1. Atrioventricular node
  2. Sinoatrial node
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Perkinje fibres
A

b. Sinoatrial node

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18
Q

How many mechanisms are there for conducting electrical signals through the heart? (slide 23)

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
19
Q

An ECG:

  1. Measures the electrical conductivity in the heart
  2. Measures the electrical activity in the surrounding tissues
  3. Measures skeletal muscular contractions
  4. Is able to give the stroke volume of each heart beat
A

a. Measures the electrical conductivity in the heart

20
Q

Heart rate is:

  1. The total volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one minute
  2. The pressure exerted on the myocardium during systole
  3. The number of beats per minute
  4. The voltage through the heart myocardium during each contraction
A

c. The number of beats per minute

21
Q

Normal resting heart rate is: (slide 27)

  1. 40-60 beats·min-1
  2. 60-80 beats·min-1
  3. 80-100 beats·min-1
  4. 100-120 beats·min-1
A

b. 60-80 beats·min-1

22
Q

Stroke volume is: (slide 27)

  1. The volume of blood ejected from the right ventricle per beat of the heart
  2. The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute
  3. The volume of blood ejected from the left atria per beat of the heart
  4. The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat of the heart
A

d. The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat of the heart

23
Q
  1. Cardiac output is also known as:
    1. Q
    2. R
    3. P
    4. All of the above
24
Q
  1. What is the approximate range of cardiac output? (slide 28)
    1. 4.2-5.6 L
    2. 4.2-5.6 L·min-1
    3. 7.1-8.4 L·min-1
    4. 7.1-8.4 L
A

b. 4.2-5.6 L·min-1

25
1. What is the order of vessels that blood follows from leaving the heart? (slide 30) 1. Arterioles – arteries – capillaries – veins – venules 2. Veins – venules – capillaries – arterioles – arteries 3. Arteries – arterioles – capillaries – venules – veins 4. Arteries – arterioles – venules – veins, capillaries
c. Arteries – arterioles – capillaries – venules – veins
26
Arteries and veins all have the same 3 layers (just with differing thicknesses), from **inside** to **outside** these are (slide 31): 1. Tunica intima – tunica media – tunica adventitia 2. Smooth muscle – endothelial lining – connective tissue 3. Tunica adventitia – tunica media – tunica intima 4. Endocardium – myocardium - pericardium
a. Tunica intima – tunica media – tunica adventitia
27
1. Which is the identifying feature of an artery: 1. Thick tunica intima 2. Thick tunica media 3. Thick tunica adventitia 4. There are no distinguishing features
b. Thick tunica media
28
1. How thick is a capillary wall? (slide 33) 1. 1 µm 2. 1 mm 3. 5 mm 4. 1 cm
a. 1 µm
29
What types of muscle restrict or allow blood through the capillaries? (slide 34) 1. Pennate 2. Fusiform 3. Sphincter 4. Parallel
c. Sphincter
30
Capillaries have? (slide 34) 1. Thin impermeable walls 2. Thin porous walls 3. Thick impermeable walls 4. Thick porous walls
b. Thin porous walls
31
Substances exchange across the capillary wall by: (slide 36) 1. Diffusion 2. Active transport 3. Osmosis 4. Peristalsis
a. Diffusion
32
1. Veins: (slide 37) 1. Transfer deoxygenated blood to the heart 2. Contain bi-directional valves 3. Are thicker than arteries 4. None of the above
d. None of the above
33
Cardiac output at rest and intense exercise can vary between: (slide 38) 1. 1 L·min-1 and 50 L·min-1 2. 5 L·min-1 and 10 L·min-1 3. 5 L·min-1 and 30 L·min-1 4. 10 L·min-1 and 20 L·min-1
c. 5 L·min-1 and 30 L·min-1
34
Total peripheral resistance is: 1. The total resistance of all the vasculature in the body 2. The total resistance of all the arteries in the body 3. The mean resistance across all the capillaries in the body 4. The pressure in the aorta when leaving the heart
a. The total resistance of all the vasculature in the body
35
Which vessel provides the greater resistance to blood flow? 1. Veins 2. Arteries 3. Arterioles 4. Capillaries
c. Arterioles
36
1. BP = (slide 38) 1. Q + TPR 2. Q x TPR 3. Q / TPR 4. TPR / Q
b. Q x TPR
37
1. Arterial blood pressure: (slide 42) 1. Peaks during ventricular relaxation 2. Is highest at the end of ventricular filling 3. Normal healthy resting male is 80 mm Hg (diastolic) and 120 mm (systolic) 4. Is always measured as diastolic *over* systolic
c. Normal healthy resting male is 80 mm Hg (diastolic) and 120 mm (systolic)
38
Which of the following show the order of decreasing blood pressure: 1. Arteries – arterioles – capillaries – venules – veins 2. Veins – venules – capillaries – arterioles – arteries 3. Arteries/Veins (same pressure) – arterioles/venules (same pressure) - capillaries 4. None, the pressure is the same throughout
a. Arteries – arterioles – capillaries – venules – veins
39
What is the main regulated variable in cardiovascular control? (slide 45) 1. Mean arterial pressure 2. Total peripheral resistance 3. Arterial blood pressure 4. Cardiac output
c. Arterial blood pressure
40
Control mechanisms generally follow a: 1. Positive feedback mechanism 2. Negative feedback mechanism 3. Integrative feedback mechanism 4. Dynamic feedback mechanism
b. Negative feedback mechanism
41
Cardiovascular function is controlled through which receptors? (slide 47) 1. Thermoreceptors and mechanoceptor 2. Nociceptor and barorepeptor 3. Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors 4. Chemoreceptors and nociceptors
c. Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
42
The effect of acute exercise: (slide 52) 1. Increase HR, Increase SV, Decrease Q 2. Increase HR, Decrease SV, Increase Q 3. Increase HR, Increase SV, Increase Q 4. Decrease HR, Decrease SV, Decrease Q
c. Increase HR, Increase SV, Increase Q
43
The effect of chronic exercise is: (slide 53) 1. Decrease resting heart rate + decrease resting stroke volume 2. Increase resting heart rate + decrease resting stroke volume 3. Decrease resting heart rate + increase resting stroke volume 4. Increase resting heart rate + increase resting stroke volume
c. Decrease resting heart rate + increase resting stroke volume

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