revision7

Question 1

Assertion

Answer 1

Where a speaker presents a proposition as true
eg. she definitely said that you stole her bracelet

Question 2

Loaded language

Answer 2

Words or phrases that have strong positive or negative connotations
eg. family values, tyrant

Question 3

Hedging

Answer 3

Words used to soften a claim or express uncertainty
eg. presumably, perhaps

Question 4

Imperative

Answer 4

Instructing someone to do something
eg. turn that off, put that down

Question 5

Topic control

Answer 5

Speaker preventing unnecessary tangents and topic shifts
eg. anyway, as we were saying, let’s focus on

Question 6

Jargon

Answer 6

Lexis that is typical and exclusive to a certain profession
eg. doctors using words like abrasion and biopsy

Question 7

Dysphemism

Answer 7

A word that is intentionally offensive or derogatory
eg. rugrat for a young child or shrink for a psychiatrist

Question 8

Metonymy

Answer 8

Where a word closely associated with something is used to represent that thing itself
eg. the crown for the monarchy or the press for journalism and newspapers

Question 9

Positive politeness

Answer 9

Using language to appear friendly and respectful to maintain social harmony; sometimes used to subtly influence
eg. you did a splendid job there, really admirable

Question 10

Negative politeness

Answer 10

Using language to minimise imposition on the listener often to appear less assertive
eg. would you mind if I borrowed a pen?