RMU, PHARMACEUTICAL CARE Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is rational medicine use (RMU) according to WHO?
Rational medicine use ensures patients receive:
The right medicine
For the right indication
In the right dose, frequency, and duration
At the lowest possible cost
With optimal safety and efficacy
What are the 5 R’s of rational drug use?
Right Patient
Right Diagnosis
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Describe the medicine use process
Diagnosis
Prescribing
Dispensing
Administration
Follow-up & Monitoring
Where can irrational medicine use occur in this process?
Prescribing without diagnosis
Wrong drug choice
Overuse or underuse
Costly options when cheaper ones exist
Non-adherence
Give an example of irrational medicine use.
A patient with a common cold receiving antibiotics and prednisone from a nurse without doctor consultation is irrational use
What are the consequences of irrational medicine use?
Adverse drug events
Antimicrobial resistance
Increased costs
Worsening of disease
Psychological burden on patients
List causes of irrational use.
Inadequate knowledge
Lack of updated guidelines
Patient pressure
Financial incentives
Lack of supervision
What are strategies to promote RMU?
Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)
Regulation (Scheduling, PTC committees)
Ethical Practice (No incentives, diligence)
Education (HCP and public training)
What’s the role of the pharmacist in RMU?
Pharmacists review medication for appropriateness, justify choices based on pharmacological principles, ensure compliance with guidelines, and promote cost-effective, safe drug use.
What is pharmaceutical care?
Patient-centered practice where the pharmacist takes responsibility for the patient’s drug-related needs and is accountable for achieving positive therapeutic outcomes.
What is clinical pharmacy?
A health science that applies pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, therapeutics, and toxicology to patient care, supporting rational and appropriate medicine use.
How are pharmaceutical care and clinical pharmacy connected?
Clinical pharmacy embraces pharmaceutical care by applying its philosophy to ensure rational drug use through evidence-based decisions and patient engagement.
What is a drug therapy problem (DTP)?
Any undesirable patient event involving or suspected to involve drug therapy that interferes with achieving therapeutic goals and requires professional judgment to resolve.
Categories of drug therapy problems?
Indication
Effectiveness
Safety
Adherence
Goals of therapy should always match…?
The patient’s health goals, disease state management, and measurable outcomes.
What is medication reconciliation?
A structured process of comparing a patient’s medication history with current prescriptions to avoid errors such as duplications, omissions, and dose discrepancies.
What info is gathered during history taking?
Current meds
Past medication history
Allergies
Lifestyle & social history
Past surgeries/illnesses
What is LOQQSAM and what does it assess?
It helps obtain a history of present illness:
Location, Onset, Quality, Quantity, Setting, Aggravating/Alleviating factors, and Associated symptoms.
What is adherence in pharmacy practice?
The extent to which a person’s behavior (taking meds, lifestyle) corresponds with agreed recommendations by a healthcare provider.
Types of non-adherence?
Intentional: due to beliefs, fear of side effects
Unintentional: forgetfulness, cost, misunderstanding
What is the purpose of a care plan?
To provide a structured approach for assessing patient drug needs, identifying drug-related problems, and ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes through monitoring.
What are the five sections of the care plan?
A. Patient assessment
B. Interpretation
C. Discussion of DRPs & appropriateness
D. Therapeutic plan
E. Monitoring and lab results
What should be included in ‘Patient Assessment’?
All current meds (hospital, PHC)
Past meds
Diagnoses
Treatment intent and changes over time
What defines a drug-related problem (DRP)?
An undesirable patient experience suspected to involve a drug that interferes with achieving therapy goals and requires intervention.
