Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHRM 845 > Rochet > Flashcards

Rochet Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

2hindbrain consists of

A

medulla
pons
cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

midbrain consists of

A

substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

forebrain consists of

A

cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus)
diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

find the cortex, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the medulla do

A

involuntary functions (autonomic)
centers for controlling (respiration, cardiac function, reflexes (coughing), vasomotor responses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the pons do

A

relays signals from forebrain to cerebellum (bridge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

ensures smooth movements through motor coordination
undergoes neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias (jerky movements)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the substantia nigra pars compacta do?

A

voluntary motor control and cognitive funct
input to basal ganglia by supplying dopamine to the striatum
neurodegeneration in Parkinsons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the substantia nigra pars reticulata do?

A

output, relays signals from basal ganglia to the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the cortex do?

A

high order functioning
processing and interpreting info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the basal ganglia do?

A

voluntary motor control
has striatum and globus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the limbic system do?

A

emotion - amygala
memory - hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the diencephalon do?

A

thalamus: relay station to and from cortex
hypothalamus: involuntary, internal homeostasis and emotions, hormonal control and neural regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

senses receive info from environment and pass through ____ to the ____ and back

A

thalamus to cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

decisions are made in ____ about how to interpret and act on info

A

cortico-thalmic loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

damage to what can affect movement, speech, and personality

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a disease of the frontal cortex?

A

schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

two types of cells in CNS

A

neurons and glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

three different glial cells

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

roles of astrocytes

A

provide neurons with growth factors, antioxidants
remove excess glutamate
support blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

role of oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin sheath that insulates axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

roles of microglia

A

immune cells of brain
provide growth factors
clear debris by phagocytosis
role in neuroinflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

microglia are _____ in parkinsons

A

overactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

neurotransmission involves what

A

release of synaptic vesicles from boutons into synaptic gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is neurotransmission triggered by
influx of Na+ ions that triggers electrical depolarization
26
excitatory neurotransmitters are _____ and _____ frequency
depolarizing, increase frequency
27
inhibitory neurotransmitters are ____ and ____ frequency
polarizing, decrease frequency
28
do action potential magnitudes for a single neuron change?
no. they stay the same magnitude
29
excitatory neurons induce
EPSP: excitatory postsynaptic potential (subthreshold peaks that do not clear the threshold) increase the strength of the stimulus so action potential is reached
30
inhibitory neurotransmitters induce
IPSP: inhibitory postsynpatic potential - induces hyperpolarization by allowing Cl- ions to cross the membrane - decrease the magnitude of a sequential EPSP
31
common three amino acid neurotransmitters
GABA glycine glutamate
32
what is GABA
major inhibitory neurotransmitter increases flux of Cl- ions into neuron
33
which drugs interact with GABA pathwasy
benzodiazepines anticonvulsants anxiolytics
34
glycine is similar to gaba but acts where?
in the spinal cord
35
glutamate does what
excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
36
excess glutamate can cause what and how
neuronal damage by allowing excessive Ca influx into the neuron
37
non amino acid neurotransmitters
acetylcholine dopamine norepinephrine serotonin 5 HT
38
acetylcholine receptors and drug target example
nicotinic and muscarininc cholinesterase inhibitors like aricept in Alzeihmers
39
dopamine drug targets
D1-D5 dopamine receptors and DAT
40
drugs that block DAT do what
increase extracellular dopamine, produce euphoria (cocaine, amphetamine)
41
what disease state is excessive dopamine signaling?
schizophrenia
42
what disease state is lack of dopamine signaling?
Parkinson's Disease
43
antipsychotics are what class
D2 receptor antagonists
44
D2/D3 and D1 receptor agonists are used for what
Parkinsons Disease
45
norepinephrine targets what receptors
alpha and beta and NET transporter
46
NET inhibitors are used to treat
depression
47
serotonin targets
14 GPCRs and 1 ion gated channel and SERT
48
5HT axons arise from a group of cell bodies called
raphe nuclei
49
5HT2A antagonists
atypical antipsychotics
50
SERT uptake inhibitors treat
depression
51
5HT2A agonists are
hallucinogenic like LSD
52
an example of gene-environment interaction is
individuals with an HLA phenotype having increased risk for MS with anti-EBNA antibodies
53
RRMS
relapsing remitting relapses of neurological dysfunction lasting weeks or months most cases turn into SPMS
54
SPMS
secondary progressive MS less inflammation slow progressive neurological decline via demyelination with little remission
55
PPMS
primary progressive MS mean onset later looks like SPMS at first because threshold is super high and inflammatory events are not symptomatic
56
CIS
clinically isolated syndrome initial episode of neurologic symptoms lasting longer than 24 hours inflammation in optic nerve, cerebrum, cerebellum most cases progress to MS
57
what does alpha 4 integrin do?
is on the BBB and helps B and T cells get into CNS
58
once in the CNS and with their antigen, B cells mature to what
plasma cells
59
T cell activation results in what
cytokine release, and macrophage stimulation
60
action potentials travel more rapidly in
myelinated regions
61
can the amount of current generated at the node of Raniver depolarize the demyelinated region?
no, the current is lost through the membrane (leaks)
62
remyelination involves what
recruitment of OPCs and differentiation of them into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes
63
how does remyelination fail in MS
lack of OPCs or failure of them to differentiate
64
what is astrogliosis
invasion and propagation of astrocytes which forms plaques or scars

PHRM 845 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions