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PHRM 845 > Svensor > Flashcards

Svensor Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of all overdoses were due to psychostimulants?

A

40%

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2
Q

what percent of people take psychostimulants?

A

17.2%

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3
Q

nicotine receptor has how many subunits

A

12 different

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4
Q

nicotine activates what receptor

A

nicotinic acetylcholinergic

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5
Q

what happens chemically when nicotine enters cell

A

Na+ in
K+ out

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6
Q

nicotine can penetrate the membrane at what pH level

A

physiological

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7
Q

is nicotine degraded by AChE?

A

no, longer duration of action

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8
Q

addiction liability ranking

A

tobacco
heroin
cocaine
alcohol
cannabis

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9
Q

varenicline is a ____

A

partial agonist

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10
Q

what drug is known as captogen

A

fenethylline

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11
Q

MOA of cocaine

A

antagonist of amine transporters
DAT>SERT>NET
prevents dopamine reuptake
increases dopamine concentration
increases duration of dopamine action

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12
Q

what is the most addictive substance in current use?

A

nicotine

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13
Q

MOA of ecstasy, methamphetamine, bath salts

A

compete for reuptake
pushes dopamine from vesicles
reverse transport (efflux of dopamine)

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14
Q

what are bath salts and molly called

A

cathinonones

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15
Q

how does Sudafed become meth?

A

removal of a hydroxyl group

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16
Q

neurologic effects of meth

A

delirium, tremor

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17
Q

psychological effects of meth

A

anxiety
paranoia
hallucinations
delusions
repetitive behavior

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18
Q

ENT effects of meth

A

profuse dental decay (meth mouth)

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19
Q

CV effects of meth

A

tachycardia
HTN /vasospasm

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20
Q

skin effects of meth

A

diaphoresis

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21
Q

dopamine receptor activity in the brain of meth user

A

receptor downregulation due to outside source
why we get withdrawal sx

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22
Q

can dopamine receptors return after quitting?

A

yes

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23
Q

who most commonly misuses adderall

A

male college students

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24
Q

what is sympathomimetic toxidrome

A

symptoms showing someone took a stimulant

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25
Q

sympathomimetic toxidrome sx

A

M - mydriasis
A - agitation, arrhythmia, angina
T - tachycardia
H - HTN, hyperthermia
S - seizure, sweating

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26
Q

key component of cannabis plant

A

delta 9 THC

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27
Q

hemp delta 9 thc content

A

0.3% or less

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28
Q

marijuana delta 9 THC content

A

15-20%

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29
Q

what is hemp grown for?

A

agricultural products such as textiles, seeds, and oils

30
Q

federal law permits sale of what

A

hemp not marijuana

31
Q

what is synthetic marijuana

A

more potent than THC
bind CB1 receptor as full agonists

32
Q

symptoms with cannabit ingestion

A

temporal slowing
auditory or visual allusions
euphoria
anxiety
tachycardia
dry mouth
increase appetite
impaired cognition

33
Q

what is in the endocannabinoid system

A

cannabinoid receptors
ligands
EMT transporters
synthetic and degradative enzymes

34
Q

what do endocannabinoids do?

A

retrograde regulators
inhibit GABA and glutamine release

35
Q

THC type of agonist and where

A

partial at CB1R

36
Q

synthetic cannabinoids are what type of agonist

A

full

37
Q

which receptor is higher in the brain

A

CB1

38
Q

CB1

A

respiratory center
depression, coma

39
Q

which receptor higher in periphery

A

CB2

40
Q

CB2 regulated what

A

recruits inflammatory cells

41
Q

what is marinol

A

in seasame oil
FDA approved for loss of appetite

42
Q

what is nabilone

A

FDA approved for anti-emetic

43
Q

Epidolex is what

A

CBD that is FDA approved for Dravet and Lennox Gastaut syndrome

44
Q

key determinants in risk factors for mental health disorders after cannabis use

A

age of onset and potency

45
Q

what is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

A

cyclic vomiting after prolonged use

46
Q

treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

A

stopping
benzo
haloperidol
caspacin

47
Q

what percent of users develop a disorder (cannabis)?

A

10%

48
Q

delusion

A

fixed false belief unresponsive to logic
ex. you think you’re arriving somewhere via hellicopter

49
Q

hallucination

A

a false perception arising from internal stimuli

50
Q

illusion

A

a misperception of external stimulii
ex. bear sitting in chair up front

51
Q

at commonly used doses, psycheadelic drugs produce what

A

illusions

52
Q

classical psychedelic drugs are derivatives of what structures

A

phenethylamine
tyryptamine

53
Q

mescaline (phenethylamine) MOA

A

increase risk of serotonin primarily, also DA and NE

54
Q

LSD is a derivative of what

A

tryptamine

55
Q

classical psychedelics MOA

A

5HT2a agonists

56
Q

short term side effects of psychedelics

A

tachycardia
HTN
tremors
dry mouth
nausea

57
Q

acute reactions of psychedilic drugs

A

terrifying thoughts
insanity
fear of death
fear of losing control

58
Q

psychotic reaction to psychedilics

A

flashbacks
personality changes

59
Q

potential therapeutic uses of psychedilics

A

cancer distress
PTSD
depression
substance use disorder (alc)

60
Q

negatives of clinical trials with psychedelics

A

small sample size
lack of a control
selection bias

61
Q

dissociative psychedelics MOA

A

antagonists of NMDA receptors
inhibit GABA release
disinhibition of glutamate release

62
Q

ketamine MOA

A

NMDA receptor antagonist
S+ more active

63
Q

what is phencyclidine

A

NMDA antagonist
also D2 agonist
more potent than ketamine

64
Q

what happens with phencylclidine (PCP)

A

self harm without distress

65
Q

muscimol MOA

A

agonist of GABA

66
Q

whata are alkyl amines

A

relaxes sphincter
enhanced erections
euphoria
highest abuse among gay men
“poppers”

67
Q

what are volatile solvents

A

liquid at room temp but evaporate readily when exposed to air

68
Q

who uses volatile solvents the most

A

young ppl, those without access to others

69
Q

high doses of inhalant can do whta

A

asphyxiation
suffocation
convulsions / seizures
coma
choking
fatal injuries

70
Q

what is sudden sniffing death syndrome

A

fatal arryhtmia within minutes of inhaling

PHRM 845 (32 decks)

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