Yang

Question 1

what structure regulates sleep/wake cycles?

Answer 1

reticular formation

Question 2

which sleep cycle resembles wakefulness on an EEG

Answer 2

REM

Question 2

what time does melatonin start coming in

Answer 2

9 pm

Question 3

neurotransmitter regulators of sleep

Answer 3

catecholamines (NE,E,dopamine)
serotonin
histamine
acetylcholine
adenosine
GABA

Question 4

what is our main target for current medications

Answer 4

GABA

Question 5

where do benzodiazepines bind the GABA A receptor/Cl channel

Answer 5

orthosteric site
alpha 1 / gamma 2

Question 6

benzodiazepines increase _____ of channel opening

Answer 6

frequency
facilitate GABA action

Question 7

Z hypnotics bind what

Answer 7

BZ 1 receptors of alpha 1

Question 8

overdose treatment that is a benzo antagonist

Answer 8

flumazenil

Question 9

barbiturates increase _____ of channel opening and have _____ on GABA A

Answer 9

duration
direct effects

Question 10

1 position of benzos

Answer 10

alkylation that leads to source of active metabolites

Question 11

annealating the 1-2 bond with an electron rich ring yeilds ____ and _____

Answer 11

high affinity and decreased half life

Question 12

diazepam half life

Answer 12

LONG

Question 13

how could we decrease half life of a benzo

Answer 13

annealate the 1-2 bond with an electron rich ring

Question 14

diazepam (Valium used for)

Answer 14

seizures and accumulation of metabolites

Question 15

clonazepam used for

Answer 15

anticonvulsant

Question 17

clonazepam elimination rate

Answer 17

intermediate

Question 18

midazolam elimination rate

Answer 18

fast

Question 19

midazolam used for

Answer 19

rapid anesthesia

Question 20

slow elimination benzos used for

Answer 20

active metabolites

Question 21

benzos effect on REM and stage 3/4

Answer 21

decrease

Question 22

short term insomnia drugs

Answer 22

zolpidem, zaleplon

Question 23

long term insomnia drug

Answer 23

eszopiclone

Question 24

which class has fewer negative effects on sleep patterns

Answer 24

z hypnotics

Question 25

z hypnotics side effects

Answer 25

sleep-driving, sleep-cooking, sleep-eating, sleep-sex

Question 26

long acting barbiturates

Answer 26

anticonvulsants: phenobarbital

Question 27

short to intermediate acting barbiturates

Answer 27

sedative-hypnotics: pentobarbital

Question 28

barbiturates can cause what

Answer 28

respiratory depression

Question 29

barbiturtates bind what

Answer 29

all GABA A alpha 1-5

Question 30

benzos bind what

Answer 30

all GABA A alpha 1-5

Question 31

which drugs increase frequency of GABA opening

Answer 31

benzos and z hyps

Question 32

Xyrem use

Answer 32

daytime sleepiness increase wakeness

Question 33

gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) names and use

Answer 33

liquid ecstacy juice scoops causes CNS depression

Question 34

concern with GHB

Answer 34

no antagonist date rape drug

Question 35

what produces melatonin

Answer 35

pineal gland

Question 36

melatonin agonist drug for night shift workers

Answer 36

Ramelteon

Question 37

Ramelteon benefit

Answer 37

no abuse, withdrawal, dependency

Question 38

melatonin agonist used in blind individuals

Answer 38

Tasimelteon (orphan drug registration)

Question 39

orexin receptor antagonist drug

Answer 39

suvorexant

Question 40

where are orxein receptors located

Answer 40

hypothalamus

Question 41

suvorexant (Belsorma) moa

Answer 41

reduce rewarding stimuli modulate projections between VTA and nucleus accumbens

Question 42

antihistamines used in sleep

Answer 42

diphenhydramine doxylamine pyrilamine

Question 43

hepatoxicity has been noted with which herbal

Answer 43

valerian

Question 44

norepinephrine projects where

Answer 44

amygdala

Question 45

in anxiety there is reduced ____ signaling

Answer 45

GABA

Question 46

glutamate is converted to GABA by

Answer 46

glutamic acid decarboxylase

Question 47

quick acting treatment of anxiety

Answer 47

benzos

Question 48

buspirone is a _____ and has an _____ response

Answer 48

5HT1a partial agonist adaptive

Question 49

abuse potential of buspirone

Answer 49

low

Question 50

is buspirone good for panic disorders?

Answer 50

no, benzos faster

Question 51

beta blocker of choice and consideration

Answer 51

propranolol need to test dose decreased peripheral sx of anxiety