Root Of Neck And Prevetetbral Muslces. Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the anterior and posterior borders of the neck
Anterior =Top of manubrium and superior border of clavicle
Posterior = body of T1 and superior margin of scapula to coracoid process
What does the subclavian artery become when it passes into the upper limb
The subclavian artery passes through the cervicoaxillary canal into the axillla and upper limb to become the axillary artery
This change in name occurs at the lateral border of the the 1st rib
What forms the jugular venous arch
Superior to the manubrium the right and left anterior jugular veins commonly unite across midline to form the jugular venous arch in the suprasternal space
What is the venous drainage of the upper limb
The axillary vein which becomes the subclavian vein at the border of the first rib
What is the brachial plexus
A major plexus of nerves from of the anterior rami of 5 spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1, which join to form three trunks and then split into divisions and then eventually become 5 main terminal branches which innverate the upper limb
Where might you find some of the trunks of the brachial plexus
Running deep to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Any structure going form thorax to head or upper limb and vice Versa must pass through what
Superior thoracic aperture
What kind of pleura are the lungs covered in
Cervical pleura
This is a continuation of parts of the parietal pleura ( this lines the pulmonary cavities and and adheres to the thoracic wall and mediastinum )
What is the cupola
The cervical pleura forms a dome shape/cap which above the first rib and its summit is located 2-3cm superior to the level of the medial third of the clavicle at the level of the neck of the first rib
Why is the cervical pleura especially vulnerable to injury during infancy and early childhood
This is because it comparitively extends further superior because of the comparitivetly short length of their necks.
As the lungs extend into the neck, wounds at the base of the neck may compromise the lungs and pleural sacs, resulting in conditions where the lungs are infiltrated with air, blood or chyme from the lymphatic system
What is Sibsons fascia
It is suprapleural membrane, a strong fibrous connective tissue that is an extension of endothoracic fascia. - it reinforces cervical pleaura ( anchors dome of cervical pleura)
It attaches to the internal surface of rib 1 and transverse processes of C7
It acts as a barrier to prevent changes in inter thoracic pressure drawing upon contents in the neck
What are the three branches which come off of the aortic arch
- Brachiocephalic - this branches to the Right common carotid and the subclavian arteries
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
What artery does the left vagus nerve run parallel with
The left commmon carotid
What to the subclavian arteries supply
Supply the upper limb and send branches to the neck and brain
The subclavian artery is divided into three parts, discuss
They are all with respect to the scalene muscles
1st part ; MEDIAL to anteior scalene
2nd part; POSTEIOR to Anterior scalene ( can’t visualise with anteior scalene in place)
3rd part; LATERAL to anterior scalene muscle
Third part is the longest and most superficial ,lies anterior to trunks of the brachial plexus
Where does the vertebral artery ascend from and what its course
The vertebral artery comes from the 1st part of the subclavian artery. It has several parts.
It ascends onto the neck as the CERVICAL part to enter foramen transversarium of C6 and ascends through C1-C6 as VERTEBRAL part
The subocciptal( Atlantic ) part runs in a groove in posterior arch of atals (C1) and enters the cranial cavity though the foramen magnum which then becomes CRANIAL part which supplies branches to the structures of the brain, spinal cord etc.
It then joins the vertebral artery from the other side at inferior border of pons to from bassilar artery
Bassilar artery then contributes to circle of willlis
The thyrocervical trunk is also a branch of the 1st part of the subclavian artery. Discuss its course
It has three branches
The most important being the INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY - the primary visceral artery of the neck. Supplies the larynx, trachea, oesophagus and thyroid and parathyroid glands as well as adjacent muscles
The transverse cervical artery - runs anteiorly to anteior scalene, gives superficial branch to trapezius and deep branch to rhomboid (upper back muscle) and scapula
Suprascapular artery - runs anterior to anterior scalene supplies the supraspinuatus fossa ( on shoulder)
What are the terminal branches of the thyrocervical trunk of the 1st part of the subclavian artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Ascending cervical artery - sends muscular branches to lateral muscles of the upper neck and spinal branches into intervertebral foramina
As well as the vertebral artery and the thyrocervical trunk what is the last branch of the 1st part of the subclavian artery
What is its course
Innteral thoracic artery
It passes to the thorax to branch into the anteior intercostal arteries which supply the intercostal spaces between the ribs.
It’s cervical part has no branches
What branch comes from the 2nd part of the subclavian artery and what’s its course
Costocerivcal trunk
This has 2 branches
The supreme intercostal supplying first two intercostal spaces
The deep cervical arteries supplying posterior deep cervical muscles - goes onto anastomose with occipital artery of ECA
This branch however shows variability in its origin and may branch off first part of subclavian
What branch does the third part of the subclavian artery give off
Dorsal scapular artery
This is highly variable and may branch from another part of the subclavian
Where does the subclavian vein begin?
It begins at the level of the 1st rib as a continuation of the axillary vein until it units with internal jugular vein
It runs parallel and anterior to subclavian artery and
anterior to anterior scalene
What is the function of the subclavian vein
It is the major venous drainage from the upper limb
Which two veins make up the brachiocephalic vein and what is there union called
Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein and there union is called the venous angle
