Roots

Question 1

Where does the root originate?

Answer 1

Embryonic root or Radicle

Question 2

Give at least 3 functions of Roots

Answer 2

Absorption of water and dissolved
minerals
Anchorage
Food storage
Transport of materials to and from the
shoot
specialized functions: photosynthesis &
vegetative reproduction, etc.

Question 3

A root with a well-developed Primary root.

Answer 3

Taproot

Question 4

Also called Branch roots

Answer 4

Lateral roots

Question 5

Taproot is mostly found where?

Answer 5

Dicots

Question 6

give the main function of a taproot

Answer 6

To maximize support and storage

Question 7

numerous
long & slender lateral
roots of about the
same size & no
dominant primary
root

Answer 7

Fibrous roots

Question 8

Fibrous roots are mostly found where?

Answer 8

Monocots

Question 9

Main function of fibrous roots

Answer 9

Maximize absorption

Question 10

roots that
form on organs other
than roots (or other than
the radicle)

Answer 10

Adventitious

Question 11

where are adventitious mostly commonly occur?

Answer 11

rhizomes of
ferns, club mosses &
horsetails; in corn
(support)

Question 12

Main function of an adventitious roots

Answer 12

primary means of
vegetative reproduction

Question 13

This covers the root tip and senses environmental stimuli

Answer 13

Root cap

Question 14

what does root cap produces?

Answer 14

Mucigel

Question 15

composed of inactive cells
- organizes patterns of primary growth & replaces damaged cells
of the adjacent meristem

Answer 15

Quiescent center

Question 16

give 3 zones of subapical region

Answer 16

Zone of Cellular Division/Meristematic
Region
* Zone of cellular elongation
* Zone of cellular maturation/
differentiation

Question 17

Zone of actively dividing cell

Answer 17

Zone of Cellular
Division/Meristematic
Region

Question 18

How often does the apical meristem cell divides per day?

Answer 18

once or twice

Question 19

transitional meristems arise from the tips of ___ and ___

Answer 19

roots and shoots

Question 20

forms the epidermis

Answer 20

Protoderm

Question 21

forms the ground tissue

Answer 21

Ground meristem

Question 22

forms the primary phloem and xylem

Answer 22

Procambium

Question 23

larger, elongated cells w/
less defined nucleus but w/
prominent vacuole

Answer 23

Zone of cellular elongation

Question 24

central
conductive core

Answer 24

Stele

Question 25

takes place where vascular elements begin to form a Stele

Answer 25

Zone of cellular maturation/ differentiation

Question 26

____develop as protuberances from epidermal cells

Answer 26

Root

Question 27

____exists on root but not on root hairs

Answer 27

Cuticle

Question 28

lateral Extensions of root Absorb water and nutrients from soil

Answer 28

Root Hairs

Question 29

Diverts water & dissolved minerals into the cytoplasm of endodermal cells

Answer 29

Casparian strip

Question 30

cells packed tightly; lined with lignin & suberin

Answer 30

Endodermis

Question 31

3 layers of Cortex

Answer 31

Hypodermis Storage parenchyma cells Endodermis

Question 32

outermost layer of cells forming the initial covering on a root

Answer 32

Epidermis

Question 33

ground tissue that surrounds the vascular cylinder or stele

Answer 33

Cortex

Question 34

produces branched roots (secondary or lateral roots)

Answer 34

Pericycle

Question 35

Pith of dicots are filled with?

Answer 35

Solid core of Xylem

Question 36

Pith of monocots are filled with

Answer 36

Parenchymatous Pith

Question 37

Monocot roots exhibit what type of stele?

Answer 37

Siphonostele

Question 38

Dicot roots exhibit what type of stele?

Answer 38

Protostele

Question 39

Number of protoxylem in Monocots?

Answer 39

More than 10 ( Polyarch)

Question 40

Number of protoxylem in dicots?

Answer 40

2- 5 ( Di, tri, tetra, pentarchs)

Question 41

Where does lateral roots arise from?

Answer 41

Pericycle

Question 42

adventitious roots found above the ground (eg. Corn, poison ivy)

Answer 42

Prop roots

Question 43

enlarged primary or secondary roots that stores food

Answer 43

Food storage roots

Question 44

absorb moisture from the atmosphere & also undergo photosynthesis (eg. Black mangrove, vanilla orchid, Philodendron)

Answer 44

Aerial Roots

Question 45

large or plantlike roots at the base of some tropical trees; help stabilize & support trees

Answer 45

Buttress Roots

Question 46

involved in asexual reproduction

Answer 46

Vegetative roots

Question 47

roots w/ localized swellings in response to infection by nitrogen fixing bacterium

Answer 47

Noduled roots

Question 48

nitrogen fixing bacterium

Answer 48

Rhizobium

Question 49

fungus roots"

Answer 49

Mycorrhizae

Question 50

provides protection against pathogens and increase surface area for the absorption of essential nutrients

Answer 50

fungus

Question 51

provides food for the fungus in the form of sugar and amino acids

Answer 51

Plants

Question 52

where a symbiotic relationship forms between a plant and a fungus.

Answer 52

Fungus roots

Question 53

for movement by pulling a plant into the more stable environment of deeper soil

Answer 53

Contractile roots

Question 54

attraction of water to cellulose microfibrils causing them to move apart & the cell walls to swell

Answer 54

Imbibition

Question 55

How does material pass through roots?

Answer 55

root hairs cortex endodermis pericycle xylem

Question 56

Storage of food occurs in__

Answer 56

in cortex (chiefly) in parenchyma of stele (lesser extent)

Question 57

Growth occurs in ___

Answer 57

length - tips of roots diameter- cambium bet xylem & phloem

Question 58

How does root conducts absorption

Answer 58

Osmosis Imbibition Diffusion of solutes active absorption