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(1) Physiology > S1_L3: The Cytoplasm & Its Organelles > Flashcards

S1_L3: The Cytoplasm & Its Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What is not a major component of Cell Theory?
A. All organisms are made of cells.
B. All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
C. Contain eukaryotic cells.
D. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

A

C. Contain eukaryotic cells.

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2
Q

Structure that perform a specific function within a cell

A

Organelles

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3
Q

A complex cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus with DNA

A

Eukaryotic cells

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4
Q

Control center or brain of cell

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Quality control of the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

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6
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

Which explains transcription?
A. mRNA to tRNA
B. DNA to mRNA
C. DNA to tRNA
D. tRNA to mRNA

A

B. DNA to mRNA

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8
Q

This puts together chains of amino acids to make proteins. Sites for protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

Digestive system of the cell

A

Lysosome

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10
Q

Contain organelles found inside the cell outside the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Schwann, Scheiden, and Virchow developed what?

A

Cell theory

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13
Q

Who coined “cells” while looking at a cork?

A

Robert Hooke

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14
Q

Objective of Human Genome Project
A. Map out all the genetic codes of humans
B. To determine DNA code
C. To see what is coded in the genetic codes of humans
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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15
Q

Which organelle detoxifies?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Peroxisomes
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C

A

E. Both B and C

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16
Q

Whiplike movement of the cilia on the surfaces of cells in the respiratory airways (trachea) and the fallopian tubes.

A

Ciliary movement

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17
Q

In the trachea, the cilia beats in a ___ motion toward the mouth to filter out substances together with secretions for the individual to either expectorate or swallow it.

A

forward

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18
Q

Movement of the entire cell in relation to its surroundings

A

Ameboid Locomotion

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19
Q

Jellylike matrix within the cell that contains intracellular fluid. A highly organized structure and complex lattice network where the organelles are situated in advantage and according to the metabolism of the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

20
Q

The passageway of DNA and RNA to
communicate with other organelles of the cell

A

Nuclear pores

21
Q

A circular structure that serves as sites of ribosome assembly. It contains clusters of protein, DNA, & RNA.

A

Nucleoli / nucleolus

22
Q

The nucleus contains how many pairs of chromosomes?

A

23 pairs

46 chromosomes in total.

23
Q

Contain a coding system for particular
chemicals to be produced in the body, such as neurotransmitters and hormones

A

Chromosomes

24
Q

Commenced in 2002 to improve gene therapy and prevent the next generation in contracting those diseases because of their susceptibility.

A

The Human Genome Project

25
Q

In this chromosome, the following diseases can be expressed: Lupus, emphysema, Alzheimer’s disease, leukemia

A

Chromosome 12

26
Q

A process wherein the food that we ate must be processed and converted to ATP by the mitochondria. It is the conversion of these substrates into energy compounds so our body could use it.

A

Internal cellular respiration

27
Q

Abundant in an area of high metabolism that needs a lot of energy

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

More acidic than the cytoplasm and because of its high acidity, the cell can protect itself

A

Lysosomes

29
Q

The entry point in a golgi apparatus

A

Cis cisterns

30
Q

The exit point in a golgi apparatus

A

Trans cisterns

31
Q

This organelle lacks ribosomes

A

Smooth / agranular endoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

Programmed cell death. Once the cell has
achieved its purpose, it will suddenly die.

A

Apoptosis

33
Q

Traumatic cell death, unprogrammed
cell death. An example is following a deep injury and the wound was infected, there’s no blood supply/circulation and it necrotizes.

A

Necrosis

34
Q

A vacuole that ate unused hormones, chemicals, and excess products inside the cytoplasm is called (1)___, while a vacuole that ate itself is called (2)___.

A
  1. phagocytic vacuole
  2. autophagic vacuole
35
Q

A reaction that builds up is called (1)___, while a reaction that cuts down is called (2)___.

A
  1. anabolic
  2. catabolic
36
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of these organelles

  1. Contain enzymes that oxidize reactions and detoxify harmful substances in the liver & kidney
  2. Suicide bags, contain fragments of other cell structures that are products of digestion
  3. A spherical or oval structure that contains hereditary units
  4. Located near the nucleus, processes, sorts, packs & delivers proteins, lipids to the plasma membrane & forms lysosomes & secretory vesicles
  5. A sausage-shaped structures that are the power-generating units of the cell
  6. Granules that contain rRNA & other proteins and synthesizes hemoglobin

A. Nucleus
B.
 Lysosomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Mitochondria
E. Peroxisomes
F. Golgi apparatus

A
  1. E
  2. B
  3. A
  4. F
  5. D
  6. C
37
Q

This is where biological oxidation happens

A

Crista (plural: cristae)

38
Q

In the citric acid cycle / Kreb’s cycle, ATP is produced via ___. This process uses oxygen in order to phosphorylate
(remove phosphate and add it to the
adenosine).

A

oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

Part of the mitochondria that provides raw materials such as carbohydrates, free fatty acids

A

Outer membrane

40
Q

In the chromosomes, the loop is a complex formation of globular units. Within those beads, they are wrapped
around a strand which is the DNA. If the strings are unwounded, the globular
units are found to be smaller spheres which are called ___. These smaller spheres code for certain amino acids and characteristics of the body.

A

histones

41
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the forms of lysosomes

  1. Lysosome is already digesting; fused with foreign
    materials
  2. It contains only digestive enzymes. The lysosome has yet to digest / engulf anything.
  3. It contains undigested wastes

A. Primary lysosome
B. Secondary lysosome
C. Residual body

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
42
Q

Complex series of tubules in the cytoplasm that is the site for steroid synthesis, particularly hormones for secondary characteristics
(i.e., testosterone, estrogen, progesterone).

A

Smooth / agranular endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

A condition where its symptoms are pain on the right side of
the body under the ribs and jaundice. It is caused by damaged and overworked liver cells in detoxification.

A

Liver cirrhosis

Additional: Jaundice - liver produces carotene which is not
right

44
Q

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the steps in protein synthesis in the ribosomes

  1. tRNA matches the codons with amino acids
  2. Double helix is unzipped and mRNA
    comes in to decode what the DNA
    has
  3. amino acids will attach to the growing
    chain of amino acids and will stop once a stop codon is detected (12 amino acid chain)
  4. 1 tRNA (transfer RNA) that will attach
    to the mRNA
  5. as the mRNA finalizes the
    coding, it will go out of the nuclear pore and go to the ER

A. Transcription
B. Translation

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. B
  5. A
45
Q

A complex series of tubules in the cytoplasm with sites for protein synthesis.

A

Rough / granular endoplasmic reticulum

(1) Physiology (16 decks)

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