S1_L3: The Cytoplasm & Its Organelles

Question 1

What is not a major component of Cell Theory?
A. All organisms are made of cells.
B. All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
C. Contain eukaryotic cells.
D. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Answer 1

C. Contain eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

Structure that perform a specific function within a cell

Answer 2

Organelles

Question 3

A complex cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus with DNA

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Control center or brain of cell

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Quality control of the cell

Answer 5

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

Which explains transcription?
A. mRNA to tRNA
B. DNA to mRNA
C. DNA to tRNA
D. tRNA to mRNA

Answer 7

B. DNA to mRNA

Question 8

This puts together chains of amino acids to make proteins. Sites for protein synthesis.

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

Digestive system of the cell

Answer 9

Lysosome

Question 10

Contain organelles found inside the cell outside the nucleus

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Where does translation occur?

Answer 11

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Schwann, Scheiden, and Virchow developed what?

Answer 12

Cell theory

Question 13

Who coined “cells” while looking at a cork?

Answer 13

Robert Hooke

Question 14

Objective of Human Genome Project
A. Map out all the genetic codes of humans
B. To determine DNA code
C. To see what is coded in the genetic codes of humans
D. All of the above

Answer 14

D. All of the above

Question 15

Which organelle detoxifies?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Peroxisomes
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C

Answer 15

E. Both B and C

Question 16

Whiplike movement of the cilia on the surfaces of cells in the respiratory airways (trachea) and the fallopian tubes.

Answer 16

Ciliary movement

Question 17

In the trachea, the cilia beats in a ___ motion toward the mouth to filter out substances together with secretions for the individual to either expectorate or swallow it.

Answer 17

forward

Question 18

Movement of the entire cell in relation to its surroundings

Answer 18

Ameboid Locomotion

Question 19

Jellylike matrix within the cell that contains intracellular fluid. A highly organized structure and complex lattice network where the organelles are situated in advantage and according to the metabolism of the cell.

Answer 19

Cytoplasm

Question 20

The passageway of DNA and RNA to
communicate with other organelles of the cell

Answer 20

Nuclear pores

Question 21

A circular structure that serves as sites of ribosome assembly. It contains clusters of protein, DNA, & RNA.

Answer 21

Nucleoli / nucleolus

Question 22

The nucleus contains how many pairs of chromosomes?

Answer 22

23 pairs

46 chromosomes in total.

Question 23

Contain a coding system for particular
chemicals to be produced in the body, such as neurotransmitters and hormones

Answer 23

Chromosomes

Question 24

Commenced in 2002 to improve gene therapy and prevent the next generation in contracting those diseases because of their susceptibility.

Answer 24

The Human Genome Project

Question 25

In this chromosome, the following diseases can be expressed: Lupus, emphysema, Alzheimer's disease, leukemia

Answer 25

Chromosome 12

Question 26

A process wherein the food that we ate must be processed and converted to ATP by the mitochondria. It is the conversion of these substrates into energy compounds so our body could use it.

Answer 26

Internal cellular respiration

Question 27

Abundant in an area of high metabolism that needs a lot of energy

Answer 27

Mitochondria

Question 28

More acidic than the cytoplasm and because of its high acidity, the cell can protect itself

Answer 28

Lysosomes

Question 29

The entry point in a golgi apparatus

Answer 29

Cis cisterns

Question 30

The exit point in a golgi apparatus

Answer 30

Trans cisterns

Question 31

This organelle lacks ribosomes

Answer 31

Smooth / agranular endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

Programmed cell death. Once the cell has achieved its purpose, it will suddenly die.

Answer 32

Apoptosis

Question 33

Traumatic cell death, unprogrammed cell death. An example is following a deep injury and the wound was infected, there's no blood supply/circulation and it necrotizes.

Answer 33

Necrosis

Question 34

A vacuole that ate unused hormones, chemicals, and excess products inside the cytoplasm is called (1)___, while a vacuole that ate itself is called (2)___.

Answer 34

1. phagocytic vacuole 2. autophagic vacuole

Question 35

A reaction that builds up is called (1)___, while a reaction that cuts down is called (2)___.

Answer 35

1. anabolic 2. catabolic

Question 36

Determine the corresponding descriptions of these organelles 1. Contain enzymes that oxidize reactions and detoxify harmful substances in the liver & kidney 2. Suicide bags, contain fragments of other cell structures that are products of digestion 3. A spherical or oval structure that contains hereditary units 4. Located near the nucleus, processes, sorts, packs & delivers proteins, lipids to the plasma membrane & forms lysosomes & secretory vesicles 5. A sausage-shaped structures that are the power-generating units of the cell 6. Granules that contain rRNA & other proteins and synthesizes hemoglobin A. Nucleus B.
 Lysosomes C. Ribosomes D. Mitochondria E. Peroxisomes F. Golgi apparatus

Answer 36

1. E 2. B 3. A 4. F 5. D 6. C

Question 37

This is where biological oxidation happens

Answer 37

Crista (plural: cristae)

Question 38

In the citric acid cycle / Kreb's cycle, ATP is produced via ___. This process uses oxygen in order to phosphorylate (remove phosphate and add it to the adenosine).

Answer 38

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 39

Part of the mitochondria that provides raw materials such as carbohydrates, free fatty acids

Answer 39

Outer membrane

Question 40

In the chromosomes, the loop is a complex formation of globular units. Within those beads, they are wrapped around a strand which is the DNA. If the strings are unwounded, the globular units are found to be smaller spheres which are called ___. These smaller spheres code for certain amino acids and characteristics of the body.

Answer 40

histones

Question 41

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the forms of lysosomes 1. Lysosome is already digesting; fused with foreign materials 2. It contains only digestive enzymes. The lysosome has yet to digest / engulf anything. 3. It contains undigested wastes A. Primary lysosome B. Secondary lysosome C. Residual body

Answer 41

1. B 2. A 3. C

Question 42

Complex series of tubules in the cytoplasm that is the site for steroid synthesis, particularly hormones for secondary characteristics (i.e., testosterone, estrogen, progesterone).

Answer 42

Smooth / agranular endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

A condition where its symptoms are pain on the right side of the body under the ribs and jaundice. It is caused by damaged and overworked liver cells in detoxification.

Answer 43

Liver cirrhosis Additional: Jaundice - liver produces carotene which is not right

Question 44

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the steps in protein synthesis in the ribosomes 1. tRNA matches the codons with amino acids 2. Double helix is unzipped and mRNA comes in to decode what the DNA has 3. amino acids will attach to the growing chain of amino acids and will stop once a stop codon is detected (12 amino acid chain) 4. 1 tRNA (transfer RNA) that will attach to the mRNA 5. as the mRNA finalizes the coding, it will go out of the nuclear pore and go to the ER A. Transcription B. Translation

Answer 44

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A

Question 45

A complex series of tubules in the cytoplasm with sites for protein synthesis.

Answer 45

Rough / granular endoplasmic reticulum