S3_L3: Pulmonary Physiology & Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 1

TRUE OR FALSE: A change of 1 mmHg in alveolar pressure allows 500 ml of air to ventilate the lungs

Answer 1

True

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure

Answer 2

True

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: Pulmonary ventilation pertains to gas exchange in the airways

Answer 3

False

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: The more the alveolus collapses, the more the surfactant prevents collapse

Answer 4

True

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: The watery part of the secretions in the trachea is the gel layer.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE: All cartilages in the trachea are shaped as a full circle

Answer 6

False

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: Dry air damages the airways

Answer 7

True

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE: The nose hairs are cilia found at the external nares.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the normal tidal volume / breath volume (amount of air that goes in and out the lungs during normal respiration)?

Answer 9

500 ml

Question 10

When the bronchioles constrict, air resistance ___

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

What happens to the lungs of a victim of a gunshot
wound to the chest?

Answer 11

Lungs would collapse

Question 12

This pressure is always negative which acts like a suction to keep the lungs inflated even in full expiration. Pressure is between -4 to -7, and it goes back to -4 during expiration.

Answer 12

Intrapleural pressure

Question 13

Chest dimension the sternum increases during breathing

Answer 13

Antero-posterior

Question 14

The diaphragm exerts this effect during breathing. Moves up and down

Answer 14

Piston action

Question 15

This law explains the relationship of pressure and
volume

Answer 15

Boyle’s law

Question 16

Enumerate the 3 factors that make intrapleural pressure negative

Answer 16

1. surface tension of alveolar fluid
2. elasticity of the lungs
3. elasticity of the thoracic wall

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE: A lung with a good surfactant and abundant elastic tissue is a compliant lung

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Why is the trachea made up of more cartilages?

Answer 18

To prevent its collapse

Question 19

How many generations does the human airway have?

Answer 19

23

Question 20

What generations of the human airway is the respiratory zone?

Answer 20

20-23

Question 21

The primary respiratory cell that the walls of an alveolus are primarily composed of:

Answer 21

Type 1 cells (simple squamous epithelium)

Question 22

Functional unit of the respiratory system

Answer 22

Alveoli

Question 23

What does a surfactant do?

Answer 23

Decrease surface tension and increase lung compliance

Question 24

Enumerate the components of surfactants

Answer 24

1. Ca++
2. Surfactant apoproteins
3. DPPC (Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE: The respiratory system brings the needed oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide from the body. The blood transports these gases, carrying carbon dioxide to the tissues and oxygen to the lungs.

Answer 25

False. O2 to the tissues, CO2 to the lungs

Question 26

The nose is an area of high infection due to high ___

Answer 26

Sebum

Question 27

Enumerate the 2 layers of fluid on top of the cilia

Answer 27

1. Gel layer 2. Sol layer

Question 28

When an individual has coughs / colds, the (1)___ layer is lessened and the (2)___ layer becomes more viscous

Answer 28

1. Sol 2. Gel

Question 29

Entrance of esophagus and airway

Answer 29

Epiglottis

Question 30

Structure found at the level of C6 that stabilizes the trachea at C6 area because the airways are so strong (strong suctioning) especially during labored breathing. Prevents the trachea from going in during inhalation and going out during exhalation.

Answer 30

Cricoid cartilage

Question 31

If any debris goes in the respiratory system, it will be more dislodged in which primary bronchus?

Answer 31

Right primary bronchus

Question 32

Assists in breathing movements by acting as a lubricant

Answer 32

Pleural fluid

Question 33

Extremely thin, slit-like space between the pleurae, separating them by a thin layer of pleural fluid

Answer 33

Pleural cavity

Question 34

Prevents friction when the lungs expand and recoil because it rubs in the thoracic wall

Answer 34

Pericardial fluid

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE: There is no cartilage in bronchioles

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the generations of bronchial tree 1. No gas exchange occurs 2. Full gas exchange occurs 3. Conducting zones 4. Little gas exchange occurs here 5. Alveoli, alveolar sacs, respiratory zones A. Generations 1-17 B. Generations 18-19 C. Generations 20-23

Answer 36

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C

Question 37

The cough reflex is only effective up to the ___ generation.

Answer 37

7th So for postural drainage, the mucus is brought to the 7th gen

Question 38

These carry blood which is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs

Answer 38

Pulmonary arteries

Question 39

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the cells in an alveolus 1. Surfactant-secreting cell 2. Lines alveolus and capillaries 3. Alveolar macrophages 4. Made up of fatty acids and calcium ions 5. Reduce surface tension A. Type 1 cell B. Type 2 cell C. Dust cell

Answer 39

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B

Question 40

Region containing alveoli, tiny thin-walled sacs where gas exchange occurs

Answer 40

respiratory zone of the lungs

Question 41

Sternum moves anteriorly and this increases the anterior-posterior diameter of lungs/chest cavity

Answer 41

Pump-handle effect

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE: A decrease of 1mmhg intrapulmonary pressure is enough to take in 500ml of air.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

TRUE OR FALSE: With lower pressure and more airway resistance (e.g. acetylcholine constricts bronchioles), airflow to the lungs decreases

Answer 43

True Airflow is directly related to pressure and inversely related to resistance.

Question 44

Determine the corresponding descriptions of the lung volumes 1. remaining amount of air inside alveolus to prevent lung collapse 2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume 3. Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume 4. 6L of air 5. Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume 6. Total amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled under volitional control A. Vital Capacity B. Inspiratory Capacity C. Residual Volume D. Functional Residual Capacity E. Total Lung Capacity

Answer 44

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. D 6. A

Question 45

Determine whether the following regarding dead space is true or false 1. In an abnormal lung, PDS < ADS 2. In normal lungs, anatomical dead space = physiological dead space 3. The physiological DS are the gen 1-17 4. Physiological dead space occurs when there is a lung pathology 5. The anatomical DS are the gen 18-23 A. True B. False

Answer 45

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B