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(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) > S2_L1: Upper Extremity Osteology > Flashcards

S2_L1: Upper Extremity Osteology Flashcards

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1
Q

This is the 1st bone to ossify in the human body.

A

clavicle

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2
Q

In the clavicle, the sternal extremity or (1)____ end is blunt and (2)_____ in shape.

A
  1. medial
  2. convex
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3
Q

The following is true about the clavicle, EXCEPT:

A. Most commonly fractured bone in the body
B. Connected medially to the sternum and laterally to the scapula
C. Anterior/front is rough because this is where ligaments attach
D. Part of the shoulder girdle
E. None

A

C. Anterior/front is rough because this is where ligaments attach

NOTE: The posterior aspect is the attachment sites of the ligaments.

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4
Q

Enumerate the 3 angles of the scapula.

A

Superior, Inferior, and Lateral

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5
Q

Enumerate the 3 borders of the scapula.

A

Superior, Medial (vertebral), and Lateral (axillary)

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6
Q

Match the following landmarks to its corresponding spinal level.

  1. Spine of Scapula
  2. Superior angle of scapula
  3. Inferior angle of scapula

A. T1
B. T2
C. T3
D. T5
E. T7

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. E
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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Spine of the Scapula divides the posterior side to supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

A

True

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8
Q

The following is true about the sternum, EXCEPT:

A. also known as breastbone
B. divided into: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
C. sternal angle of Louis is the junction of the body and manubrium
D. sternal angle of Louis is a cartilaginous joint
E. sternal angle of Louis is between IV disc of T3-T4

A

E. sternal angle of Louis is between IV disc of T3-T4

NOTE: It is between T4-T5.

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9
Q

The following is true about the humerus, EXCEPT:

A. Its proximal has a spiral groove which accommodates the radial nerve
B. Longest bone in the UE
C. Its head is 1/3 of a sphere
D. The surgical neck is the area where fracture is most common
E. NONE

A

E. NONE

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10
Q

The following is true about the parts of the humerus, EXCEPT:

A. Olecranon fossa – receives olecranon process of ulna when elbow is extended
B. Medial epicondyle - sometimes called the funny bone
C. Lateral epicondyle - more prominent than medial epicondyle
D. Trochlea – pulley shaped
E. NONE

A

C. Lateral epicondyle - more prominent than medial epicondyle

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11
Q

The following is true about the radius, EXCEPT:

A. Becomes wider distally
B. Only articulates with the scaphoid bone distally
C. Lateral bone in the forearm
D. Rotates with the ulna to allow pronation and supination
E. NONE

A

B. Only articulates with the scaphoid bone distally

NOTE: It articulates with the scaphoid and lunate and/or triquetrum bone (Snell)

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12
Q

The following is true about the carpal bones, EXCEPT:

A. There are 8 carpal bones
B. Attached to one another and forms a plane joint
C. Pisiform is pea-shaped
D. Capitate is the center of the carpal bones
E. NONE

A

E. NONE

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13
Q

Which carpal bone is 1st to ossify?

A

Capitate

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14
Q

Most commonly fracture carpal bone is the ___.

A

scaphoid

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15
Q

Most commonly dislocated bone is the _____.

A

lunate

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Phalanges are long bones.

A

True

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17
Q

How many lobes do the breasts have?

A

15-20

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18
Q

Match the following descriptions to the word it corresponds to.

  1. Also known as ampulla
  2. Small, elevated part of breast
  3. Colored area of skin around the nipple

A. NIPPLE
B. AREOLA
C. LACTIFEROUS DUCTS
D. LACTIFEROUS SINUS
E. SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. B
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19
Q

Match the following descriptions to the word it corresponds to.

  1. fibrous septa that separates lobes of the gland,
  2. carry milk toward the nipple
  3. tiny tubercles on the areola

A. AREOLAR GLANDS OF MONTGOMERY
B. RETROMAMMARY SPACE
C. LACTIFEROUS DUCTS
D. LACTIFEROUS SINUS
E. SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
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20
Q

The level of the nipple line is at _____.

A

T4

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21
Q

Female breasts gradually enlarge and assume a
(1)______ shape due to (2)______ hormones

A
  1. hemispherical
  2. ovarian
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22
Q

The axillary region, also known as (1)_____, is (2)____ in shape and between the upper part of arm and side of
chest

A
  1. armpit
  2. pyramid
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23
Q

This artery gives of the main blood supply to the upper limb

A

axillary artery

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24
Q

The following is true about the axillary artery, EXCEPT:

A. Continuation of subclavian artery at the lateral border of 1st rib
B. Ends at the upper border of the teres major muscle to become the brachial artery
C. Divided by the Pectoralis minor muscle into
three parts
D. Enclosed in the axillary sheath
E. NONE

A

B. Ends at the upper border of the teres major muscle to become the brachial artery

NOTE: It ends at the lower border of the teres major.

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25
The following is true about the brachial plexus, EXCEPT: A. The cords are named based on relationship with the second part of the axillary artery B. Long Thoracic Nerve arise from C5-C6 Roots C. Musculocutaneous Nerve arise from C5-C7 Roots D. Provides sensory innervation to the skin and deep structures and motor innervation to the muscles E. NONE
B. Long Thoracic Nerve arise from C5-C6 Roots NOTE: Long Thoracic Nerve arise from C5-C7 Roots
26
The following is true about the nerves of the brachial plexus, EXCEPT: A. Axillary Nerve arise from C5-C6 B. Radial Nerve arise from C5-T1 C. Ulnar Nerve arise from C7-T1 D. Median Nerve arise from C5-T1 E. NONE
C. Ulnar Nerve arise from C7-T1 NOTE: It is from C8-T1.
27
The most common site for breast cancer is at the (1-2)_____ quadrant.
1-2. upper outer
28
TRUE OR FALSE: The Lateral (acromial extremity) end of the clavicle is flat and convex.
False. It is concave for the attachment of the acromion process of scapula
29
TRUE OR FALSE: The scapula, being the shoulder bone, is between 2nd to 7th ribs.
True
30
TRUE OR FALSE: Sternal angle of Louis marks the inferior level of the pericardium, the sac enclosing the heart, and the superior limit of the pulmonary trunk
False. It marks the the superior level of the pericardium.
31
This is the pear shape shallow cavity that articulates with the humeral head.
Glenoid cavity
32
In the manubrium, where is the 1st rib attached?
Costal facets
33
The following is FALSE about the Sternal Angle of Louis, EXCEPT: A. marks the site of articulation of rib 1 with the sternum B. passage of the thoracic duct from anterior and posterior to the esophagus C. is the level at which the trachea bifurcates into right and left main bronchi D. Shows the level of the beginning and end of the arch of the larynx E. boundary between the superior and inferior portion of the pericardium
C. is the level at which the trachea bifurcates into right and left main bronchi NOTE: (A) must be **rib 2** (B) must be **right to left** behind the esophagus (D) shows beginning and end of the arch of **aorta** (E) boundary between the **mediastinum**
34
This bony structure is above trochlea and is designated for the articulation of the coronoid process
Coronoid fossa
35
The Olecranon fossa receives olecranon process of ulna when elbow is _____.
extended
36
This is a fibrous joint connecting the radius to the ulna
Interosseous membrane
37
What type of joint is the Proximal and Distal radioulnar joint?
pivot joint
38
This forms the prominence of the elbow posteriorly
Olecranon
39
What is the MNEMONICS used for the carpal bones?
Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle
40
What is the most mobile metacarpal bone
1st metacarpal of the thumb
41
The following are true about the breast, EXCEPT: A. Specialize accessory glands of the skin that are capable of secreting milk B. Present in both sexes C. Both sexes' breast are functional D. On top of pectoral muscles E. None
C. Both sexes' breast are functional NOTE: Only women's are
42
Base of breast extends from what to what ribs?
2nd to 6th ribs
43
When sagging, at which level do breast able to extend?
T10
44
Determine which of the walls of the axillary region are match incorrectly. A. Anterior wall – pectoralis major, subclavius, and pectoralis minor muscles B. Posterior wall – subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle C. Lateral wall - coracobrachialis and biceps muscles in the bicipital groove of humerus D. Medial wall – upper 3 ribs, intercostal spaces covered by serratus anterior muscle E. None
D. Medial wall – upper 3 ribs, intercostal spaces covered by serratus anterior muscle NOTE: It is bounded by the upper four or five ribs
45
This arises from the union of venae comitantes of brachial artery and basilic vein
Axillary Vein
46
The _____ cord of the brachial plexus came from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks
Lateral
47
TRUE OR FALSE: The Ulnar nerve comes from the medial cord.
True
48
TRUE OR FALSE: The Lateral Pectoral Nerve comes from the posterior cord.
False.
49
TRUE OR FALSE: The Musculocutaneous nerve comes from the lateral cord.
True
50
These are group of nerves that come out directly from the roots
Plexus
51
TRUE OR FALSE: The Cervical plexus loop and group together in front of the levator scapulae muscle and scalenus medius muscle
True
52
The cervical plexus provided motor innervation to what muscle of respiration?
Diaphragm
53
The Brachial Plexus are grouped together in the ______
interscalene triangle
54
Cords of the brachial plexus are found surrounding the ______ artery.
axillary
55
This is a bilobed endocrine structure found on the front of the trachea
Thyroid
56
What connects the 2 lobes of the trachea?
isthmus
57
Sometimes, some people have an extra lobe in the trachea called the pyramidal lobe. Pyramidal lobe is connected by a muscular branch to hyoid called?
levator glandulae thyroideae
58
What is the thyroid gland responsible for?
metabolic activities
59
Parathyroids secrete Parathyroid hormones which are responsible for the _____ in the body.
calcium NOTE: It stimulates osteoclastic activity in the bone
60
Both ends of the trachea's cartilages are connected by a muscle known as _____?
trachealis muscle
61
How long is an esophagus?
about 10 inches long
62
The following is true about the esophagus, EXCEPT: A. Involuntary muscle supplied by ANS B. Part of gastrointestinal tract C. Pierces the diaphragm D. Esophageal opening at the level of T9 E. Has 3 constrictions
D. Esophageal opening at the level of T9 NOTE: It should be T10
63
The esophagus has 3 constrictions: cricopharyngeal (cervical) constriction at level of (1)_____, aortic (thoracic) constriction at level of (2)_____, and esophageal opening (abdominal constriction) at the level of (3)______.
1. C6 2. T4-5 3. T10
64
TRUE OR FALSE: The scapula is an irregular bone.
False NOTE: It is a flat bone rather than irregular bone
65
The scaphoid is sometimes called ____.
boat
66
The trapezium is also known as _____.
greater multangular
67
What type of joints are Interphalangeal joints?
hinge joint
68
TRUE OR FASLE: MCP joints are condyloid joints.
True

(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) (13 decks)

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