S3_L1: LE Osteology

Question 1

Determine the following bone to its corresponding description.

1. has wings called ala
2. sit bone
3. attachment of the hamstring muscles
4. largest of the three bones
5. upper part articulates with L5, lower part articulates with coccyx

A. ILIUM
B. ISCHIUM
C. PUBIS
D. ALL
E. NONE

Answer 1

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. E

Question 2

Determine the following bone to its corresponding description.

1. formed by the ischium, ilium and pubis
2. forms a cup shape where the head of the femur will fit in
3. has rudimentary transverse processes
4. has a canal where the roots of spinal cord will pass through
5. has a notch where blood vessels will pass through

A. ACETABULUM
B. SACRUM
C. COCCYX

Answer 2

1. A
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: Greater and lesser trochanters are used for lower extremities. Greater and lesser tuberosities for upper extremities

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 3

A. All statements are true

Question 4

The following is true about the parts of the ilium, EXCEPT:

A. the iliac crest is located approximately at the level of L4 or the space between L4-L5
B. L4-L5 is a landmark for spinal anesthesia
C. PSIS is located at the level of S1
D. in slim people, their PSIS are seen as dimples on the skin
E. None

Answer 4

C. PSIS is located at the level of S1

NOTE: PSIS - S2

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: The pubic symphysis, as well as the sacroiliac joint, become lax and stretch when a woman is pregnant to accommodate the growing fetus.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

This is the longest and strongest bone in the body

Answer 6

Femur

Question 7

_____ is a margin that is approximately a Mickey Mouse head-shaped line

Answer 7

Pelvic brim

Question 8

Enumerate the 3 hip bones.

Answer 8

ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 9

This is the meeting point of the three pelvic bones

Answer 9

Acetabulum

Question 10

FILL IN THE BLANKS.

Posteriorly, the hip bone articulates with the (1)_____.
Anteriorly, the hip bone articulates at the (2)_____.

Answer 10

1. sacrum
2. symphysis pubis

Question 11

The cup shape of the acetabulum allows ______ of the head of the femur to articulate with it.

Answer 11

⅔

Question 12

What is the normal angle of inclincation?

Answer 12

120-125 degrees

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE: At birth, the femur are straight. As the child bears weight, the angle of inclination decreases

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 13

C. Only the 1st statement is true

Question 14

Coxa valga means that the angle of inclination is (1)_____. Thus, the leg is (2)_____ and will (3)_____.

Answer 14

1. beyond/ above normal
2. longer
3. abduct

NOTE: other possible answers for (1) is close to 180 or above 135 degrees.

Question 15

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

Anteriorly, the (1)______ connects greater and lesser trochanters
Posteriorly, the (2)______ connects greater and lesser trochanters

Answer 15

1. intertrochanteric line
2. intertrochanteric crest

Question 16

This is the largest sesamoid bone, described as an inverted triangle

Answer 16

PATELLA

Question 17

This is the large weight bearing medial bone of the leg

Answer 17

TIBIA

Question 18

What movement will be restricted or difficult to perform when the fibular nerve is injured or compressed upon crossing of legs?

Answer 18

Dorsiflexion

Question 19

This is the largest tarsal bone, also known as the heel bone.

Answer 19

CALCANEUS

Question 20

The lower extremity functions to support the weight of the body and produce ____?

Answer 20

locomotion

Question 21

What is the other collective term for the hip bones?

Answer 21

Os Coxae

Question 22

This is the highest point and upper flattened portion of the ilium

Answer 22

Iliac crest

Question 23

The Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is approximately at what level?

Answer 23

L4

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE: L2 is usually where anesthesia is given. If given above L1, it will cause paralysis.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 24

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Question 25

The following is true about the Ischial spine, EXCEPT: A. projects from the posterior border and intervenes between the greater and lesser sciatic notches B. used for measurement site for pelvic opening C. is a narrow opening for delivery of baby D. “hole” or opening for nerves/blood vessels; ischium and pubis E. None

Answer 25

D. “hole” or opening for nerves/blood vessels; ischium and pubis

Question 26

The greater and lesser sciatic notches are converted into greater and lesser sciatic (1)_____ by the presence of the (2)______ and (3)______ ligaments

Answer 26

1. foramina 2. sacrospinous 3. sacrotuberous

Question 27

This bone can be divided into a body, a superior ramus and an inferior ramus

Answer 27

Pubis

Question 28

Superior ramus joins the ilium and ischium at the (1)_____. Inferior ramus - joins the ischial ramus below the (2)______

Answer 28

1. acetabulum 2. obturator foramen

Question 29

How much does the ischium contribute to the acetabulum?

Answer 29

>2/5

Question 30

How much does the pubis contribute to the acetabulum?

Answer 30

1/5

Question 31

This is a horseshoe shaped articulation of the femoral head

Answer 31

Acetabular fossa

Question 32

The sacrum consists of _______ rudimentary vertebrae fused together

Answer 32

five

Question 33

What type of joint is the Symphysis pubis?

Answer 33

Cartilaginous

Question 34

At what level is the sacral promontory approximately at?

Answer 34

S1

Question 35

This forms when the laminae of the 5th sacral vertebra, and sometimes those of the 4th, fail to meet in the midline

Answer 35

Sacral hiatus

Question 36

This consists of four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone, which articulates at its base with the lower end of the sacrum

Answer 36

Coccyx

Question 37

These are the remains of the pedicles and superior articular processes in the coccyx bone.

Answer 37

cornua

Question 38

This is a small depression at the center of the head for attachment of ligamentum teres.

Answer 38

Fovea capitis

Question 39

This is a deformity of hip where the angle of inclination is less than 120 degree

Answer 39

Coxa vara

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE: Both Coxa vara and Coxa valga may present with a limb length discrepancy.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Determine the following parts of the humerus. 1. found in the posterior surface below greater trochanter 2. part on the medial part of the distal femur continuous with the medial epicondyle 3. smooth and rounded on its anterior surface but posteriorly has a ridge and hollow portion 4. for the attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle 5. where muscles and intermuscular septa are attached A. Shaft B. Linea aspera C. Gluteal tuberosity D. Adductor tubercle E. Medial supracondylar ridge

Answer 41

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE: The patella is part of the quadricep tendon. It is connected to the tibial tuberosity via the ligamentum patella A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 42

A. All statements are true

Question 43

TRUE OR FALSE: The tibia is a large weight bearing medial bone of leg. if fractured, it would be hard to walk again. A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 43

A. All statements are true

Question 44

This is an oblique line at the posterior aspect of the tibia, for the attachment of the soleus muscle.

Answer 44

soleal line

Question 45

TRUE OR FALSE: The shaft of the fibula is triangular. This bone take no part in articulation at the knee but participates in ankle joint below. A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 45

D. Only the 2nd statement is true NOTE: The shaft of the fibula is long and slender

Question 46

TRUE OR FALSE: Since the peroneal nerve passes through the tibia, muscles attached to this is responsible for plantarflexion. When compressed, the foot will be stuck in dorsiflexion. A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 46

B. All statements are false

Question 47

The (1)_____ or (2)______ border of the fibula gives attachment to the interosseous membrane

Answer 47

1. medial 2. interosseous

Question 48

Enumerate the tarsal bones.

Answer 48

Calcaneum, Talus, Navicular

Question 49

Enumerate the bones of the ankle.

Answer 49

Cuboid and 3 Cuneiform (medial, intermediate, and lateral)

Question 50

How many surfaces do the calcaneum have?

Answer 50

6

Question 51

Determine which surface of the calcaneum is described. 1. is small and articulates with the cuboid bone 2. dominated by two articular facets for the talus 3. has an anterior tubercle in the midline and a large medial and a smaller lateral tubercle at the junction of the inferior and posterior surfaces A. anterior surface B. posterior surface C. superior surface D. inferior surface E. medial surface F. lateral surface

Answer 51

1. A 2. C 3. D

Question 52

Determine which surface of the calcaneum is described. 1. gives attachment to the Achilles tendon 2. possesses a large, shelf like process termed as the sustentaculum tali 3. forms the prominence of the heel A. anterior surface B. posterior surface C. superior surface D. inferior surface E. medial surface F. lateral surface

Answer 52

1. B 2. E 3. B

Question 53

This is a small elevation which separates the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles.

Answer 53

peroneal tubercle

Question 54

The following is true about the talus, EXCEPT: A. Turtle shaped B. It possesses a head, a neck, and a body C. Head of the talus is directed distally articulates with calcaneal bone D. The body of the talus is cuboidal E. None

Answer 54

C. Head of the talus is directed distally articulates with calcaneal bone. NOTE: It articulates with the navicular bone.