S3_L2: Gluteal, Thigh, and Knee Region

Question 1

The following is true about the roots of gluteal and thigh nerves, EXCEPT:

A. Sciatic nerve - L4-S3
B. Nerve to quadratus femoris - L4-S1
C. Nerve to piriformis - S2-S4
D. Inferior gluteal nerve - L5-S2
E. None

Answer 1

C. Nerve to piriformis S2-S4

NOTE: Nerve to piriformis comes from S1-S2

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: The gluteal region is known as the buttock. Its prominence is attributed to muscles and fat present in the area.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 2

A. All statements are true

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: The fascia lata is a band that is part of the superficial fascia found on the lateral side of the thigh. The deep fascia is thicker because majority of it is muscles.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 3

B. All statements are false

NOTE: fascia lata is part of the deep fascia. the superficial fascia is thicker d/t fat.

Question 4

Determine the following muscles or structures to its corresponding innervation.

1. cremasteric muscle
2. clitoris
3. abdominal muscles

A. Iliohypogastric
B. Ilioinguinal
C. Genitofemoral

Answer 4

1. C
2. B
3. A

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: The lumbosacral plexus only possess roots and branches. It is not divided into cords and trunks.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 5

A. All statements are true

Question 6

What is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 6

femoral nerve

Question 7

What is the largest nerve in the body and lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 7

Sciatic nerve

Question 8

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 8

Plane joint

Question 9

What gait is expected to be observed when there is weakness of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 9

lurching gait

Question 10

When bilateral weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus is present, what gait is expected?

Answer 10

waddling gait, or mae west gait

Question 11

The superior gluteal artery comes from what artery?

A. common iliac artery
B. external iliac artery
C. internal iliac artery
D. abdominal aorta
E. None of the Above

Answer 11

C. internal iliac artery

Question 12

The Greater Sciatic Foramen provides an (1)____ from the (2)_____. On the other hand, the Lesser Sciatic Foramen provides (3)______ into the (4)_____

Answer 12

1. exit
2. pelvis
3. entrance
4. perineum

Question 13

This is referred to as a group of arteries that go together and supply that area.

Answer 13

Anastomosis

Question 14

iliotibial tract superiorly attaches to the (1)_____ and inferiorly to the (2)_____

Answer 14

1. iliac tubercle
2. lateral condyle of tibia

Question 15

Determine the following nerve to its corresponding area of innervation.

1. Anterior aspect of the thigh below the area supplied by ilioinguinal nerve
2. Anterolateral and posterolateral aspects of the thigh and knee
3. Anterior aspect of the thigh below the inguinal ligament

A. Lateral Cutaneous Nerve
B. Intermediate cutaneous nerve
C. Medial cutaneous nerve
D. Ilioinguinal nerve
E. Genitofemoral nerve

Answer 15

1. B
2. A
3. E

Question 16

Determine the following nerve to its corresponding area of innervation.

1. Medial aspect of the thigh
2. Posterior aspect of the thigh
3. Labia majora

A. Posterior cutaneous nerve
B. Lateral Cutaneous Nerve
C. Medial cutaneous nerve
D. Ilioinguinal nerve
E. Genitofemoral nerve

Answer 16

1. C
2. A
3. D

Question 17

If the femoral nerve is affected, what muscle will be weak?

Answer 17

quadriceps

Question 18

Adductor canal is also called?

Answer 18

subsartorial/ hunter’s canal

Question 19

Which muslce in the lower extremity is also dually innervated?

Answer 19

Pectineus

Question 20

What nerves innervate the pectineus?

Answer 20

femoral and obturator nerve

Question 21

This is the longest muscle of the body, called the sailor or tailor muscle

Answer 21

Sartorius

Question 22

The (1)____ muscle group all attach in the medial surface of shaft of tibia. These are the (2)____, (3)____, and (4)_____ muscles.

Answer 22

1. pes anserine
2. Sartorius
3. Gracilis
4. Semitendinosus

Question 23

The sciatic nerve supplies what compartment of the thigh?

A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
E. ALL

Answer 23

B. Posterior

Question 24

The common peroneal nerve is also known as the _____

Answer 24

common fibular nerve

Question 25

This is the largest joint in the body

Answer 25

Knee joint

Question 26

This is a phenomena where when a flexed knee is going to extend, it externally rotates 15 degrees laterally.

Answer 26

Screw home mechanism

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE: The lateral condyle is more prominent, longer and lower than the medial condyle of the femur. So, the lateral condyle is more attached to the tibia. A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 27

B. All statements are false NOTE: These descriptions are for the medial condyle

Question 28

What kind of joint is the knee?

Answer 28

trochoginglymus joint NOTE: it is primarily hinge joint but also slightly a pivot joint

Question 29

The anterior cruciate ligament is (1)____ when knee is flexed and (2)_____ when knee is extended

Answer 29

1. loose 2. tight

Question 30

This is the main stabilizer of the femur especially when you are going down stairs

Answer 30

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 31

Enumerate the unhappy triad of o’donoghue.

Answer 31

ACL, MCL(tibial collateral ligament), medial meniscus

Question 32

The gluteal region is bounded superiorly by the (1)_____ and inferiorly by the (2)_____ of the (3)____.

Answer 32

1. iliac crest 2. gluteal fold 3. buttock

Question 33

TRUE OR FALSE: One side of the buttock is divided into 4 quadrants. The upper inner quadrant is innervated by the posterior rami of first 3 lumbar and first 3 sacral nerve A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 33

A. All statements are true

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE: The outer upper quadrant of the buttock is innervated by the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh. The lower inner quadrant is innervated by the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh. A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 34

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Question 35

The lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh comes from what nerve roots?

Answer 35

L2-L3

Question 36

This ligament connects the sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Answer 36

Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 37

Determine which structures pass through which foramen. 1. Pudendal nerve 2. Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins 3. Nerve to obturator internus 4. Piriformis muscle 5. Sciatic nerve A. Lesser Sciatic Foramen B. Greater Sciatic Foramen C. Both D. Neither

Answer 37

1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B

Question 38

Determine which structures pass through which foramen. 1. Tendon of obturator internus muscle 2. Internal pudendal artery and vein 3. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh 4. Superior and inferior gluteal nerves 5. Tensor Fascia Lata A. Lesser Sciatic Foramen B. Greater Sciatic Foramen C. Both D. Neither

Answer 38

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D

Question 39

This is the largest muscle in the body. It is also responsible for the prominence of the buttock

Answer 39

Gluteus Maximus

Question 40

This is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve that arises in the lower third of the thigh

Answer 40

Tibial Nerve

Question 41

The medial compartment of the thigh is supplied by which nerve?

Answer 41

obturator nerve

Question 42

This is the main arterial supply to the lower extremity

Answer 42

Femoral Artery

Question 43

The femoral artery is in which compartment of the femoral sheath?

Answer 43

lateral compartment

Question 44

Enumerate the actions of the quadriceps femoris.

Answer 44

hip flexion (rectus femoris) and knee extension (all)

Question 45

Pick 2 muscles that abducts and medial rotates the thigh. A. Piriformis B. Gluteus Medius C. Gluteus Maximus D. Gluteus Minimus

Answer 45

B & D

Question 46

What muscle adducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint? A. Adductor longus B. Adductor magnus C. Biceps Femoris short head D. Biceps Femoris long head

Answer 46

B. Adductor magnus

Question 47

What muscle adducts thigh and flexes knee? A. Gracilis B. Adductor longus C. Adductor brevis D. Adductor magnus

Answer 47

A. Gracilis

Question 48

Which is the prime mover/s for hip extension. A. Biceps Femoris long head B. Semimembranosus C. Semitendinosus D. Gluteus Maximus

Answer 48

D. Gluteus Maximus

Question 49

Which of the muscle does not belong to knee extensors. A. Biceps femoris B. Rectus femoris C. Vastus intermedius D. Vastus lateralis

Answer 49

A. Biceps femoris

Question 50

What is the action of iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 50

Flexes thigh

Question 51

Pick the prime mover or movers for the hip flexors. A. Iliopsoas B. Tensor Fascia latae C. Rectus Fermoris D. Pectineus E. Sartorius

Answer 51

A. Iliopsoas & C. Rectus Fermoris

Question 52

This ligament connects the sacrum to the ischial spine

Answer 52

Sacrospinous ligament

Question 53

Determine which nerves innervate the following muscles. 1. Tensor Fascia Latae 2. Gluteus Maximus 3. Obturator Internus A. superior gluteal nerve B. inferior gluteal nerve C. anterior rami of first and second sacral nerves D. nerve to obturator internus E. nerve to quadratus internus

Answer 53

1. A 2. B 3. E

Question 54

Determine which nerves innervate the following muscles. 1. Gluteus Minimus 2. Gemellus Superior 3. Piriformis A. superior gluteal nerve B. inferior gluteal nerve C. anterior rami of first and second sacral nerves D. nerve to obturator internus E. nerve to quadratus internus

Answer 54

1. A 2. D 3. C

Question 55

What roots make up the Superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 55

L4-S1

Question 56

What roots make up the pudendal nerve?

Answer 56

S2-S4

Question 57

What roots make up the tibial nerve?

Answer 57

L5-S2

Question 58

The (1)_____ Anastomosis is the main supply to head of femur, while the (2)_____ Anastomosis supplies and is found at the level of the lesser trochanter.

Answer 58

1. Trochanteric 2. Cruciate

Question 59

TRUE OR FALSE: The Trochanteric Anastomosis is formed by the Inferior gluteal artery, Medial femoral circumflex a., and 1st perforating artery.

Answer 59

False. These arteries form the cruciate anastomosis.

Question 60

Determine which ligament is being described. 1. Spiral shaped & attached to body of ischium 2. limits extension and abduction 3. it deepens the acetabular fossa and grasps the femoral head beyond its equator A. Iliofemoral ligament B. Pubofemoral ligament C. Ischiofemoral ligament D. Ligament of head of femur (Ligamentum teres) E. Transverse Acetabular ligament

Answer 60

1. C 2. B 3. E

Question 61

Determine which ligament is being described. 1. strongest ligament in the body 2. Y-shape strong ligament of Bigelow 3. weak and of little importance in strengthening the hip joint A. Iliofemoral ligament B. Pubofemoral ligament C. Ischiofemoral ligament D. Ligament of head of femur (Ligamentum teres) E. Transverse Acetabular ligament

Answer 61

1. A 2. A 3. D

Question 62

Determine which ligament is being described. 1. limits adduction and provides a pathway for blood vessels to enter the head of femur. 2. prevents hyperextension when standing & lateral rotation 3. Base is from superior ramus of pubis and goes to the intertrochanteric line A. Iliofemoral ligament B. Pubofemoral ligament C. Ischiofemoral ligament D. Ligament of head of femur (Ligamentum teres) E. Transverse Acetabular ligament

Answer 62

1. D 2. A 3. B

Question 63

This is the synovial plane joint between the sacrum and iliac bones

Answer 63

Sacroiliac joint

Question 64

TRUE OR FALSE: Sacrococcygeal joint is a plane joint. It is innervated by the pudendal nerve A. All statements are true B. All statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 64

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Question 65

TRUE OR FALSE: The fatty layer of the anterior abdomen continues to down to the thigh.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

This is a gap in the deep fascia in the front of the thigh just below the inguinal ligament, below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Answer 66

Saphenous opening

Question 67

This is the lower lateral border of saphenous opening, which lies anterior to the femoral vessels

Answer 67

Falciform margin

Question 68

The saphenous opening is covered by loose connective tissue called the ______.

Answer 68

cribriform fascia

Question 69

This is a fan shaped muscle that is innervated by the femoral nerve.

Answer 69

Iliacus

Question 70

This is a depression situated on upper part of the medial aspect of the thigh below inguinal ligament

Answer 70

Femoral Triangle

Question 71

The Femoral Triangle is laterally bounded by the?

Answer 71

sartorius

Question 72

The Femoral Triangle is superiorly bounded by the?

Answer 72

inguinal ligament

Question 73

The following are contents of the femoral triangle, EXCEPT: A. Femoral vein B. Femoral artery C. Deep inguinal lymph nodes D. Femoral nerve E. None

Answer 73

E. None

Question 74

The following are the boundaries of the adductor canal, EXCEPT: A. vastus medialis - lateral B. adductor longus and magnus - posterior C. sartorius muscle - anteromedial D. femoral sheath - roof E. None

Answer 74

D. femoral sheath

Question 75

The following are the boundaries of the femoral sheath, EXCEPT: A. Lateral – femoral artery B. Intermediate – femoral vein C. Medial – lymph vessels and femoral canal D. Roof - skin and fascia of the thigh E. None

Answer 75

D. Roof - skin and fascia of the thigh

Question 76

Femoral Artery enters thigh through what ligament?

Answer 76

inguinal ligament

Question 77

The following are the branches of the femoral artery, EXCEPT: A. Descending genicular artery B. Deep external pudendal artery C. Superficial external pudendal artery D. Superficial epigastric artery E. Superficial circumflex iliac artery

Answer 77

C. Superficial external pudendal artery

Question 78

TRUE OR FALSE: The saphenous nerve is a posterior branch of the femoral nerve

Answer 78

True