S3_L3 Anatomy & Radiologic Evaluation of the Ankle & Foot

Question 1

The most commonly injured weight-bearing joint in the body

Answer 1

ankle

Question 2

The most commonly injured ligament in ligamental injuries of the ankle and foot

Answer 2

anterior talofibular ligament (part of lateral ligament complex)

Question 3

Modified TF
A. Subtle fractures (hairline fractures) of the ankle and foot may mimic symptoms of ankle sprains.
B. It depends on the amount of tissue that is torn and amount of bone that is destroyed.

Answer 3

TT

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: The true frequency of ankle sprains is unknown.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: The second toe is the center for push-off and the windlass maneuver.

Answer 5

False, correct answer: great toe (big toe)

Question 6

Modified TF
A. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are motions of the talocrural joint.
B. Abduction and adduction are motions of the transverse tarsal joints (Chopart joint).

Answer 6

TT

Question 7

Supination of the ankle and foot joint
A. Inversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion
B. Inversion, abduction, and plantarflexion
C. Eversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion
D. Eversion, abduction, and plantarflexion

Answer 7

A. Inversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion

Question 8

Pronation of the ankle and foot joint
A. Inversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion
B. Inversion, abduction, and plantarflexion
C. Eversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion
D. Eversion, abduction, and plantarflexion

Answer 8

D. Eversion, abduction, and plantarflexion

Question 9

Modified TF
A. Inversion and eversion are characterized by elevation of the medial and lateral borders of the foot.
B. These are motions of the subtalar joint.

Answer 9

TT

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE: Routine radiographic examination is indicated for trauma, such as fractures, ankle sprains, and contusions.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Modified TF
A. The magic angle effect causes an artifactual decrease in signal in tissues with ordered collagen (tendons, ligaments, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage).
B. This effect is seen as a false whitening, and the tissues “straighten out”.

Answer 11

FT

A. The magic angle effect causes an artifactual increase in signal in tissues with ordered collagen (tendons, ligaments, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage).

Question 12

Modified TF
A. Talar tilt is determined by the angle made by the intersection of the lines drawn across the tibial plafond and the talar dome.
B. It shows the displacement of the talus and the contralateral ankle is used to establish a baseline.

Answer 12

TT

Question 13

Modified TF
A. The normal values of the talar tilt are 5 – 15 degrees eversion and up to 10 degrees in inversion.
B. A difference of 5 degrees is considered significant.

Answer 13

FT

A. The normal values of the talar tilt are 5 – 15 degrees inversion and up to 10 degrees in eversion.

Question 14

Modified TF
A. Radiographs should be the initial study for suspected bone and soft tissue abnormalities of the ankle and foot.
B. Stress tests are good for assessing the integrity of the ligaments without using advanced imaging.

Answer 14

TT

Question 15

Modified TF
A. Radiographs are limited to identifying late changes in bone density and unable to assess soft tissues.
B. Ultrasound may be used to check for tendon disorders.

Answer 15

TT

Question 16

Modified TF
A. MRI is used for analyzing patients with complex foot and ankle fractures, osteochondral lesions, and tarsal coalition
B. CT Scan is the established modality for detecting stress fractures and osteomyelitis of the foot and ankle, and tendon disorders.

Answer 16

FF

A. CT Scan is used for analyzing patients with complex foot and ankle fractures, osteochondral lesions, and tarsal coalition
B. MRI is the established modality for detecting stress fractures and osteomyelitis of the foot and ankle, and tendon disorders.

Question 17

Modified TF
A. A CT exam of the ankle extends from the distal tibia to the inferior aspect of the calcaneus and from the posterior calcaneus to the metatarsal bases.
B. A CT exam of the foot extends from the distal fibula to the forefoot.

Answer 17

TF

B. A CT exam of the foot extends from the distal tibia to the forefoot.

Question 18

Modified TF
A. Tarsal coalition is the abnormal connection that develops between 2 bones in the back of the foot (excess bony outgrowth) that limits 1 or 2 planes of movement of the foot.
B. It may consist of bone, fibrous tissue, or cartilage.

Answer 18

TT

Question 19

The following are indications of CT Scan, except

A. Complex fractures and dislocations of the ankle and hindfoot
B. Osteochondral lesions
C. Tarsal Coalition
D. Pre-operative planning
E. None of the above

Answer 19

E. None of the above

Question 20

Modified TF
A. The oblique axial view of the CT scan is the best view for the subtalar joint.
B. It can sssess the patency of the articular cartilage and calcified or intraarticular loose bodies in the joint spaces.

Answer 20

TT

Question 21

Modified TF
A. CT Scans are not good with visualizing the muscles of the foot.
B. However, avulsion fractures at their points of tendinous attachments are seen clearly.

Answer 21

TT

Question 22

Modified TF
A. Joint spaces are widened in cases of trauma.
B. Joint spaces are narrowed in cases of osteoarthritis.

Answer 22

TT

Question 23

Modified TF
A. MRI of the ankle and hindfoot may be indicated to clarify and stage conditions diagnosed clinically and/or suggested by other imaging modalities.
B. These include fractures and stress fractures, primary and secondary bone and soft tissue tumor, and arthritides.

Answer 23

TT

Question 24

Modified TF
A. The forefoot is the most visualized area on the MRI.
B. The forefoot is the area that needs the most imaging if pathologic conditions occur.

Answer 24

FF

A. The hindfoot is the most visualized area on the MRI.
B. The hindfoot is the area that needs the most imaging if pathologic conditions occur.

Question 25

# True about plantarflexion, except A. It increases the magic angle effect B. Accentuates the fat plane between the peroneal tendons C. Allows better visualization of the calcaneofibular ligament D. None

Answer 25

A. It increases the magic angle effect Correct answer: decreases the magic angle effect

Question 26

TRUE OR FALSE: In MRI, patients may either be positioned in supine with the ankle in neutral position or with the ankle in PF.

Answer 26

True ## Footnote NOTE: Not routinely done d/t patient considerations

Question 27

Modified TF A. MRI can be used to check for tarsal coalition, which is the abnormal bridging of the tarsals that impedes normal ROM. B. Tarsal coalition occurs most commonly at the calcaneonavicular joint and the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint.

Answer 27

TT ## Footnote NOTE: It may either be osseous, cartilaginous, or fibrous

Question 28

Modified TF A. Edema is expected to normally be present in joint fluid. B. It is not expected to be seen within bone marrow, or within tendon sheaths, or cystic masses.

Answer 28

TT

Question 29

Modified TF A. Gout is common at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. B. It is seen with inflammatory changes, as well as the presence of gouty tophi, fibrous periarticular nodules of low signal on MRI.

Answer 29

TT

Question 30

Modified TF A. In RA, early evidence on MRI includes synovitis and a fluffy bone marrow edema pattern. B. The subtalar and metatarsophalangeal joints are most affected in RA of the ankle and foot.

Answer 30

TT

Question 31

Modified TF A. A possible MRI finding for RA is visualization of fibrous pannus. B. Pannus formation is the hallmark for RA.

Answer 31

TT

Question 32

Modified TF A. Anterolateral impingement syndrome is characterized by hypertrophy and scarring of the synovium in the gutter (the anterolateral space between the tibia and fibula). B. The anterior talofibular ligament is usually affected in this syndrome.

Answer 32

TT ## Footnote NOTE: On MRI, T2 signals are low due to scarring.

Question 33

Modified TF A. Sinus tarsi syndrome is characterized by an injury that tears the interosseous ligaments which provide subtalar stability. B. The sinus tarsi space is normally filled with fat, but replaced with granulation or scar tissue if damaged.

Answer 33

TT

Question 34

Modified TF A. Sinus tarsi syndrome has a low signal on T1. B. It has a low signal on T2 if scar tissue is present, or a high signal if granulation tissue is present (newly been injured).

Answer 34

TT

Question 35

Modified TF A. The tibia connects to the medial malleolus. B. The fibula connects to the lateral malleolus.

Answer 35

TT

Question 36

Modified TF A. The distal fibula & distal tibia are part of the ankle mortise. B. The tibia plafond is the flat part of the distal tibia.

Answer 36

TT

Question 37

Modified TF A. The Chopart (Transverse Tarsal) Joint is found in between the midfoot and forefoot. B. The Lisfranc (Tarsometatarsal) Joint is found in between the hindfoot and midfoot.

Answer 37

FF ## Footnote A. The Chopart (Transverse Tarsal) Joint is found in between the **hindfoot and midfoot.** B. The Lisfranc (Tarsometatarsal) Joint is found in between the **midfoot and forefoot.**

Question 38

TRUE OR FALSE: The chopart and lisfranc joints are the sites where amputation takes place and the centers of movement of pronation and supination.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

1. 2nd most commonly injured ligament of the lateral ligament complex 2. Deltoid Ligament A. Medial Collateral Ligament B. Anterior Talofibular Ligament C. Calcaneofibular Ligament D. Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Answer 39

1. C 2. A

Question 40

3rd most commonly injured ligament of the lateral ligament complex A. Medial Collateral Ligament B. Anterior Talofibular Ligament C. Calcaneofibular Ligament D. Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Answer 40

D. Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Question 41

One of the toughest ligaments of the body. The bony attachment will avulse first before this ligament is torn. A. Medial Collateral Ligament B. Anterior Talofibular Ligament C. Calcaneofibular Ligament D. Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Answer 41

A. Medial Collateral Ligament

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE: The Tarsal Sinus is important for proprioception of the ankle and foot.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Modified TF A. The AP view of the ankle demonstrates the distal tibia and fibula, including the lateral and medial malleolus and the dome of the talus. B. The patient lies supine and the central ray is directed vertically through the midpoint between the malleoli.

Answer 43

TT

Question 44

Modified TF A. In a normal ankle, the fibular malleolus extends below the tibial malleolus. B. The fibular malleolus is superimposed on top of the distal tibia in the AP view of the ankle.

Answer 44

TT

Question 45

# True about the AP view of the ankle, except A. Checks for shortening of the distal tibia and fibula B. Checks for medial or lateral shift of the talus C. Checks for the joint space between the distal tibiofibular joint D. None

Answer 45

D. None ## Footnote NOTE: Medial or lateral talar shift can indicate a ligamental problem or fracture of the talus

Question 46

Modified TF A. In the AP oblique (Mortise view) of the ankle, the leg is internally rotated 15-20º until the intermalleolar plane is parallel with the image receptor. B. The patient lies supine and the central ray is directed at a midpoint between the malleoli.

Answer 46

TT ## Footnote NOTE: IR is done to place both malleoli in the same plane and avoid superimposition

Question 47

Modified TF A. The AP oblique (Mortise view) of the ankle demonstrates the entire ankle mortise. B. It is used to check the joint space between the tibia and fibula.

Answer 47

TT

Question 48

Modified TF A. The mortise width is the space between the talar dome and ankle mortise. B. The mortise width is normally 5–6 mm wide over the entire talar surface.

Answer 48

TF ## Footnote B. The mortise width is normally **3-4** mm wide over the entire talar surface.

Question 49

TRUE OR FALSE: In the AP oblique (Mortise view), an additional 2mm in the mortise width is considered abnormal, indicating a disruption of the distal tibiofibular joint.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

TRUE OR FALSE: In the lateral view of the ankle, the patient is sidelying and the central ray is directed vertically through the medial malleolus.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

# The lateral view of the ankle demonstrates the ff, except A. Anterior and posterior aspects of the distal tibia B. Lateral relationship of the tibiotalar and subtalar articulations C. Talus D. Calcaneus E. None

Answer 51

E. None

Question 52

Modified TF A. In the lateral view of the ankle, the subtalar joint, talus, and calcaneus are well-demonstrated. B. The fibula is superimposed behind the tibia and talus in this view.

Answer 52

TT ## Footnote NOTE: The posterior malleolus of the tibia is considered as the 3rd malleolus.

Question 53

TRUE OR FALSE: In a stable ankle, the mortise will remain relatively constant during the inversion and eversion maneuvers.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Modified TF A. Stress views have traditionally been used to assess the degree of joint stability. B. However, recent studies questioned the value of radiographs as MRI offers the advantage of evaluating associated injuries and chronic instability.

Answer 54

TT ## Footnote NOTE: In the absence of MRI, radiographs can be used. Stress radiographs are still used in some settings.

Question 55

TRUE OR FALSE: In the AP inversion and eversion stress views, the leg and ankle are placed in the true AP manner and the foot is turned medially for the inversion, and laterally for the eversion view.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Modified TF A. The ankle mortise widens as a result of ligamental disruption. B. Ligamental disruption and the talar tilt can be seen in the AP inversion and eversion stress views.

Answer 56

TT

Question 57

Modified TF A. A wide space between the medial border of the talus and the medial malleolus indicates disruption of the lateral collateral ligament. B. A wide space between the lateral border of the talus and the lateral malleolus indicates disruption of the medial collateral ligament.

Answer 57

FF ## Footnote A. A wide space between the medial border of the talus and the medial malleolus indicates disruption of the **medial** collateral ligament. B. A wide space between the lateral border of the talus and the lateral malleolus indicates disruption of the **lateral** collateral ligament.

Question 58

Modified TF A. For the anterior talar stress view, the leg and ankle are in a lateral position with the leg fixed manually in place. B. Stress is applied to the posterior aspect of the heel, resulting in anterior transposition of the talus on the tibia.

Answer 58

TT

Question 59

Modified TF A. In the anterior talar stress view, measurements are taken from the posterior aspect of the tibia to the posterior aspect of the talus. B. Separation of up to 5mm is normal, and ≥ 10mm is pathologic, indicating disruption of the ATFL ligament.

Answer 59

TT

Question 60

Modified TF A. All the bones of the forefoot and midfoot are well-demonstrated on the AP view of the foot. B. In this view, the central ray is directed toward the base of the second metatarsal.

Answer 60

TF ## Footnote B. In this view, the central ray is directed toward the base of the **third** metatarsal.

Question 61

Modified TF A. The AP view of the foot demonstrates the phalanges, metatarsals, cuneiforms, cuboid, and navicular. B. This view can be used to check for sesamoid bones in the first and sometimes the second or third metatarsal heads.

Answer 61

TT

Question 62

Modified TF A. The first intermetatarsal angle in the AP view of the foot is formed by the intersection of the lines bisecting the first and second metatarsal shafts. B. Its normal value is < 9 degrees, and this angle is used as a baseline for assessing forefoot deformities (i.e., hallux valgus, hallux rigidus).

Answer 62

TT

Question 63

Modified TF A. The normal values of the Calcaneal Inclination are 25–40º. B. The normal values of the Bohler Angle are 20–30º.

Answer 63

FF ## Footnote A. The normal values of the Calcaneal Inclination are **20-30**º. B. The normal values of the Bohler Angle are **25-40**º.

Question 64

Modified TF A. Normally, the plantar fascia is a thin, dark structure on the MRI extending anteriorly from the calcaneus. B. If it is inflamed, it doubles in thickness, and presents as intermediate signals on T1, and high signals on T2.

Answer 64

TT

Question 65

Modified TF A. Plantar fasciitis is the microtearing and inflammation of fascial and perifascial tissues. B. If the plantar fascia is torn, the discontinuity will be evident on MRI.

Answer 65

TT

Question 66

Modified TF A. Stress fractures are irregular lines of low signal on T1. B. These have high signal on T2 weighted images owing to adjacent marrow edema.

Answer 66

TT

Question 67

Modified TF A. Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that is a common complication of a patient with diabetes and pressure ulcers. B. MRI confirms the diagnosis and extent of infection, with low signal on T1 and high signal on T2.

Answer 67

TT

Question 68

Modified TF A. The Calcaneal Inclination, also known as calcaneal pitch, describes the angular position of the calcaneus. B. Higher values indicate pes cavus, while lower values indicate pes planus.

Answer 68

TT

Question 69

# Structures to see in the axial CT scan, except A. Tibiofibular joint space B. Medial and lateral malleoli C. Calcaneus and talus of hindfoot D. Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus E. None

Answer 69

E. None

Question 70

# Structures to see in the axial CT scan, except A. Transverse tarsal joint space B. Navicular and cuboid C. 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms D. None

Answer 70

D. None

Question 71

# Structures to see in the sagittal CT scan, except A. Anterior rim of tibia B. Posterior rim of tibia C. Talocrural joint space D. Bodies of talus and calcaneus E. None

Answer 71

E. None

Question 72

# Structures to see in the sagittal CT scan, except A. Subtalar joint space B. Transverse tarsal joint space C. Bodies of navicular and cuboid D. Three cuneiform bones E. None

Answer 72

E. None

Question 73

# Structures to see in the sagittal CT scan, except A. Tarsometatarsal joint space B. Shafts of metatarsal C. Sesamoid bones D. None

Answer 73

D. None

Question 74

# Structures to see in the coronal CT scan, except A. Ankle mortise and subtalar joint B. Talus and calcaneus C. Talocalcaneal coalition, if present D. Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus E. None

Answer 74

E. None

Question 75

# Structures to see in the axial MRI, except A. Ankle tendons B. Sinus tarsi C. Tibiofibular ligament D. Osseous structures (tibia, fibula, talus) E. None

Answer 75

E. None

Question 76

# Structures to see in the coronal MRI, except A. Deltoid ligaments B. Calcaneofibular ligament C. Tarsal tunnel D. None

Answer 76

D. None

Question 77

# Structures to see in the coronal MRI, except A. Talar dome B. Subtalar joint C. Plantar fascia in cross section D. None

Answer 77

D. None

Question 78

# Structures to see in the sagittal MRI, except A. Achilles tendon B. Tibiotalar joint C. Subtalar joint D. None

Answer 78

D. None

Question 79

# Structures to see in the sagittal MRI, except A. Transverse tarsal joint B. Plantar fascia C. Sinus tarsi D. None

Answer 79

D. None

Question 80

Modified TF A. The Bohler angle is the tuberosity or salient angle used to evaluate the angular relationship between the calcaneus and talus in the presence of trauma. B. A lower than normal value indicates calcaneal fractures.

Answer 80

True

Question 81

Modified TF A. The tarsal (Chopart) and tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joints dividing the midfoot and hindfoot are well-demonstrated on the lateral view of the foot. B. The central ray is directed vertically through the base of the third metatarsal in this view.

Answer 81

TT

Question 82

Modified TF A. The lateral view of the foot can be used to check for the presence of the tarsal sinus. B. The Bohler angle and calcaneal inclination can be measured on this view.

Answer 82

TT

Question 83

# The lateral view of the foot demonstrates the ff, except: A. Calcaneus and talus B. Subtalar joint C. Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid articulations D. None

Answer 83

D. None

Question 84

Modified TF A. For the oblique view of the foot, the patient is sitting with lateral border of foot elevated (internally rotated) 55º from the image receptor. B. The central ray is directed vertically through the base of the third metatarsal in this view.

Answer 84

FT ## Footnote A. For the oblique view of the foot, the patient is sitting with lateral border of foot elevated (internally rotated) **45º** from the image receptor.

Question 85

Modified TF A. For the oblique view of the foot, the foot and leg are internally rotated 4 degrees. B. This view is used to check for the shafts of the phalanges and metatarsals, and the joint spaces of the intermetatarsal and midtarsal joint articulations.

Answer 85

TT

Question 86

# The oblique view of the foot demonstrates the ff, except: A. phalanges and intermetatarsal B. metatarsals and cuboid C. navicular, anterior portions of the talus and calcaneus, D. related midtarsal joints E. second cuneiform

Answer 86

E. second cuneiform Correct answer: Third cuneiform

Question 87

Modified TF A. In a normal radiographic appearance of a 2-year-old toddler's foot, the ossified calcaneus, talus, cuboid, and third cuneiform can be seen. B. The navicular and first and second cuneiforms are barely seen as small oval densities.

Answer 87

TT

Question 88

Modified TF A. On CT Scan, the four bursae of the ankle can be visualized when effused of thickened due to inflammation. B. These bursae are the 2 subcutaneous bursae located under the medial and lateral malleolus and the subcutaneous and subtendinous calcaneal bursae that sandwiches the Achilles tendon.

Answer 88

TT

Question 89

Modified TF A. The dome of the talus connects the distal tibia and fibula. B. The navicular is important for noting the degree of flatfootedness.

Answer 89

TT

Question 90

Modified TF A. The Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Complex is composed of the interosseous membrane, anterior tibiofibular ligament, and posterior tibiofibular ligament. B. In high ankle sprains, these ligaments are affected.

Answer 90

TT

Question 91

Modified TF A. The commonly injured phalanges are the 1st and 5th. B. The subtalar joint is the connection between the talus and calcaneus.

Answer 91

TT

Question 92

TRUE OR FALSE: Contusions are microfractures of trabecular bone and edema and hemorrhage within the marrow present as reticular or netlike areas of low signal on T1, but high signal on T2.

Answer 92

True

Question 93

1. Osteonecrosis at the second metatarsal head 2. Osteonecrosis at the talus as a sequelae of talar neck fractures with vascular compromise A. Dias Disease B. Freiburg’s Diease C. Both D. Neither

Answer 93

1. B 2. A

Question 94

CT Scan can be used to assess for the following A. Osteochondral abnormalities B. Tibial or talar spurs associated with anterior impingement syndrome C. Tibiofibular syndesmotic joint, talocrural, and subtalar joint spaces D. Transverse tarsal and tarsometatarsal joint divisions of the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot, as well as intertarsal and intermetatarsal articulations E. All of the above

Answer 94

E. All of the above

Question 95

Modified TF A. Osteonecrosis presents as areas of inhomogeneous signal intensity surrounded by a low signal band on MRI. B. MRI can be used to assess for the change in girth of a tendon, with low signal on both T1 and T2 sequences.

Answer 95

TT

Question 96

# The following conditions warrant an MRI except A. Achilles, posterior tibial, and peroneal tendon disorders B. ATFL, CFL, deltoid, spring, and syndesmotic ligament tears C. Plantar fasciitis, fascial rupture, plantar fibromatosis D. Sinus tarsi syndrome E. None

Answer 96

E. None

Question 97

MRIs of the hindfoot and the ankle may be used to evaluate specific clinical scenarios such as A. Tarsal tunnel syndrome B. Patients with planned therapeutic arthroscopy and those with complications following ankle surgery C. Acute ankle trauma D. Ankle or subtalar instability E. All of the above

Answer 97

E. All of the above

Question 98

MRIs of the hindfoot and the ankle may be used to evaluate specific clinical scenarios such as A. LOM or painful ROM B. Unexplained swelling, mass, or atrophy, or nerve entrapment C. Ankle and hindfoot injuries in athletes and dancers D. Prolonged, refractory, or unexplained ankle or heel pain E. All of the above

Answer 98

E. All of the above

Question 99

TRUE OR FALSE: The tarsal tunnel is a common area for nerve entrapment in the ankle and foot

Answer 99

True

Question 100

TRUE OR FALSE: MRI may show hypertrophic bone mass impingement on adjacent structures, such as the tibialis posterior and the flexor hallucis longus in the tarsal tunnel.

Answer 100

True

Question 101

Modified TF A. MR Arthrogram is the combination of MR and arthrogrpahy. B. The joint is injected with contrast under fluroscopic guidance.

Answer 101

TT

Question 102

Modified TF A. MR Arthrogram is used in cases when MRI is not sufficient enough to gather an adequate diagnosis. B. In practice, an arthrogram is used most frequently to stage osteochondral lesions of the talus.

Answer 102

TT

Question 103

Modified TF A. In MR arthrogram, communication between the flexor hallucis longus tendon and the ankle joint is present in 20% to 30% of individuals. B. Thus, fluid seen here in the setting of an arthogram should not be misinterpreted as tenosynovitis.

Answer 103

TT

Question 104

Modified TF A. In MR arthrogram, all three orthogonal planes are evaluated. B. Distention of the tibiotibular joint capsule via injection of dilute gadolinium allows identification of all-intra-articular tissues in this procedure.

Answer 104

TT

Question 105

TRUE OR FALSE: MR arthrogram may facilitate the evaluation of: * Lateral collateral ligaments * Anterior talofibular ligament * Calcaneofibular ligament * Impingement syndromes * Cartilage lesions * Osteochondral lesions of the talus * Loose bodies * Synovial joint disorders

Answer 105

True