Samples, Populations, & Generalizability Final

Question 1

random assigment

Answer 1

every participant in your sample has an equal chance of being in any condition

Question 2

random selection

Answer 2

every person in the population to which you wish to generalize your study findings has an equal chance of being chosen to participate

Question 3

sampling bias

Answer 3

how sample is obtained
impact on generalizability of the findings
consider non-participants

Question 4

random selection

Answer 4

whole population>people you can find>people who say yes>people who follow through

Question 5

basic reserch vs applied reserch

Answer 5

basic reserch:
thory driven
seeking to understand a cause and effect relationship
internal validity(experiments,random assignment)

applied research:
-applies basic findings
-focused on solving a practical problem
-specific event in a specific enviro,et
-random selection from that specific population

Question 6

ramdom selection

Answer 6

can we generalize results to the whole population

Question 7

random assigments

Answer 7

can we infer cause and effect(internal validity)

Question 8

is random selection always necessary?

Answer 8

no
ex:basic reserch/see the relationship between two varibles but with applied yes

when is it importanta?
-survay reserch that generalize the whole population
-consumer reserch
-election pooling
-teaching evaluation

Question 9

sampling methods

Answer 9

probability sampling
a)simple random
b)stratified random
c)cluster

non-probability sampling
d)convenience
e)purposive
f)Quota

Question 10

a)simple random sampling

Answer 10

everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample

Question 11

b)sratified random sampling

Answer 11

random sampling from within each subgroup.Sample has same proportional representation as population

Question 12

c)cluster

Answer 12

individuals in randomly selected,existing clusters form the sample
ex:random selections in each school

Question 13

Non-probability sampling

Answer 13

d)convinient sampling
-participant selected based on availability
-sample may be biased

e)purposive sampling
-participants selected for specific attributes of interest
-used in qualititive reserch
-may be less concerned with generalizability

f) Quota sampling
-subgroups representation in the sample is proportionated to the population
-ps selected based on avalibility

Question 14

generalizability(external validity)

Answer 14

how well do our results generalize to others

Question 15

Should convenience samples (e.g.,
university students) be used in basic
research?

Answer 15

pro:
-students more diverse
-need a good reason why results shoudnt generalize beyond these models
-then go test it
-seek to replicate effect

con:
-ethical issues
-students know about psychology reserch
-unrepresenattive sample cant be generalize

Question 16

generalizability

Answer 16

Western
Educated
Industrialize
Rich
Democratic

10%of the rest of the world. are we outliars?

Question 17

Three responses to university/college problem

Answer 17

-does not invalidate results/replicate

-a lot of reserch is on very basic processes

-college population are diverse:income,age,ethinicity,other demographic

-Solution” – collect samples outside of college, and statistically
analyse whether their responses are different (Look for interactions!)