Savage And Armstrong

Question 1

What are the two consultation styles mentioned?

Answer 1

Doctor centered and patient centered

Doctor centered involves the doctor leading the consultation, while patient centered focuses on collaboration between the doctor and patient.

Question 2

Describe the doctor centered consultation style.

Answer 2

A consultation style where the doctor leads, asks closed questions, does not encourage discussion, and dominates the consultation

The doctor directs the patient and tells them what to do.

Question 3

What is the patient centered consultation style?

Answer 3

A consultation style that encourages discussion and leads to a joint decision being made

This style allows patients to express their thoughts on what they think is wrong and how to act next.

Question 4

What was the aim of the study conducted by Savage and Armstrong?

Answer 4

To investigate whether patient satisfaction is increased with a patient centered style of consultation compared to a doctor centered style

This study explores the impact of consultation styles on patient satisfaction.

Question 5

What methodology was used in the study?

Answer 5

A field experiment was conducted

The study took place in an inner London general practice.

Question 6

How was data collected in the study?

Answer 6

Data was collected by questionnaire

The questionnaires were used to assess patient satisfaction.

Question 7

What was the sample size of the study? And ages

Answer 7

200 randomly sampled patients

Participants were aged 16 to 75 from an inner London general practice.

Question 8

What issue was encountered with the initial participant count?

Answer 8

Originally 359 participants were sampled, but not all completed both assessments

This led to a reduction in usable data for the study.

Question 9

What method was used to select patients for the study?

Answer 9

A random number generator was used to select 4 patients from each surgery

This selection method was employed to ensure randomness in the study sample.

Question 10

What was the age range of patients eligible for the study?

Answer 10

Patients aged 16-75 were eligible

This age range indicates that both adolescents and adults were included.

Question 11

What criteria were used for excluding patients from the study?

Answer 11

Patients presenting with life-threatening conditions or for preventative measures were excluded

This exclusion criterion helps focus the study on non-critical cases.

Question 12

What consent did patients give for the research project?

Answer 12

Patients consented to have their appointments audio recorded

Audio recording was necessary for analyzing the consultations.

Question 13

How were participants allocated into conditions for the study?

Answer 13

Participants were randomly allocated into one of two conditions using a set of cards

The cards were placed face down on the doctor’s desk.

Question 14

What were the two conditions of the consultation styles in the study?

Answer 14

• A directed style of consultation
• A sharing style of consultation

These styles represent different approaches to patient-doctor interactions.

Question 15

What was the duration over which the doctor held the study?

Answer 15

The study was held over a period of 4 months

This time frame allowed for sufficient data collection.

Question 16

What type of symptoms made patients eligible for the study?

Answer 16

Patients presenting with any symptom were eligible

This broad criterion allowed for a diverse range of cases to be studied.

Question 17

True or False: Patients were excluded from the study if they presented with non-threatening conditions.

Answer 17

False

Patients were excluded only for life-threatening conditions or preventative measures.

Question 18

What method was used to select patients for the study?

Answer 18

A random number generator was used to select 4 patients from each surgery

This selection method was employed to ensure randomness in the study sample.

Question 19

What was the age range of patients eligible for the study?

Answer 19

Patients aged 16-75 were eligible

This age range indicates that both adolescents and adults were included.

Question 20

What criteria were used for excluding patients from the study?

Answer 20

Patients presenting with life-threatening conditions or for preventative measures were excluded

This exclusion criterion helps focus the study on non-critical cases.

Question 21

What consent did patients give for the research project?

Answer 21

Patients consented to have their appointments audio recorded

Audio recording was necessary for analyzing the consultations.

Question 22

How were participants allocated into conditions for the study?

Answer 22

Participants were randomly allocated into one of two conditions using a set of cards

The cards were placed face down on the doctor’s desk.

Question 23

What were the two conditions of the consultation styles in the study?

Answer 23

• A directed style of consultation
• A sharing style of consultation

These styles represent different approaches to patient-doctor interactions.

Question 24

What was the duration of the study

Answer 24

The study was held over a period of 4 months

This time frame allowed for sufficient data collection.

Question 25

What type of symptoms made patients eligible for the study?

Answer 25

Patients presenting with any symptom were eligible ## Footnote This broad criterion allowed for a diverse range of cases to be studied.

Question 26

True or False: Patients were excluded from the study if they presented with non-threatening conditions.

Answer 26

False ## Footnote Patients were excluded only for life-threatening conditions or preventative measures.

Question 27

How exactly were the participants allocated?

Answer 27

Buy a set of cords that was placed on the doctors desk faced down the cards allocated to the patient to one condition was turned over when the patient had been identified for the study

Question 28

What are examples of prompts of the directing styles of consultation?

Answer 28

You should be better in days It is essential that you take this medication. ## Footnote Directing styles focus on providing clear instructions and guidance to the patient.

Question 29

What are examples of the prompts of the sharing styles of consultation?

Answer 29

Why do you think this happened? What do you think is wrong? ## Footnote Sharing styles encourage patient input and discussion about their concerns.

Question 30

What was the dependent variable in the consultation study?

Answer 30

Responses from a questionnaire completed by participants after the consultation. ## Footnote The questionnaire assessed patients' perceptions of the consultation.

Question 31

What questions were included in the first questionnaire?

Answer 31

* I was able to discuss my problem * I received an excellent explanation * I perceived the practitioner to have complete understanding * I felt greatly helped * I felt much better ## Footnote These questions aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the consultation.

Question 32

What additional action was required from patients after the first questionnaire?

Answer 32

Complete a second questionnaire one week later and post it back. ## Footnote The second questionnaire was identical to the first and aimed to assess long-term perceptions.

Question 33

What information was recorded after the patient left the consultation?

Answer 33

Length of the consultation, demographics, and other information from the notes. ## Footnote This data was recorded on a computer for analysis.

Question 34

What was the primary focus of the consultation style discussed?

Answer 34

The primary focus was on the directive doctor-led process versus the sharing style of consultation.

Question 35

Were there any significant differences in terms of age, sex, or ethnic origin among participants?

Answer 35

There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, or ethnic origin and reason for visiting the doctor among participants. Who completed both questionnaires and those who did not

Question 36

How did patients feel about the consultation after it was completed?

Answer 36

All the patients were highly satisfied with the consultation. And there was no difference between sharing and directing.

Question 37

What was the outcome regarding the length of consultations?

Answer 37

There was no significant difference in the length of consultations.

Question 38

Did participants prefer the directive or sharing style of consultation?

Answer 38

Participants preferred the directive style of consultation. And significantly more participants and agreed with the statement I received an excellent explanation compared to sharing this number reduced on the follow up, but still had a significant difference.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: Participants in the directive style group ______ with the statement regarding receiving an excellent explanation.

Answer 39

agreed

Question 40

What was observed about the participants' perceptions of their general practitioner's understanding?

Answer 40

Significantly more participants in the directed style group perceived the general practitioner to have a complete understanding.

Question 41

True or False: There was a significant difference in satisfaction during longer consultations.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

What happened to the number of participants who felt greatly helped from the initial to the follow-up questionnaire?

Answer 42

The number reduced on follow-ups, but still had a significant difference.

Question 43

How did participants in the directed style feel compared to the sharing style on follow-up?

Answer 43

Participants in the directed style felt greatly helped.

Question 44

What conclusion can be drawn about satisfaction during longer consultations?

Answer 44

There was no difference in satisfaction during longer consultations.