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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 3 > Scalp > Flashcards

Flashcards in Scalp Deck (45)
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1
Q

What are the boundaries for the scalp?

A
  • anterior: supraorbital margins of the frontal bone
  • posterior: superior nuchal line
  • lateral: zygomatic arch
2
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A
  • Skin
  • Connective tissue
  • Aponeurosis
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Periosteum
    (SCALP)
3
Q

What are the major constituents of the fiver layers of the scalp?

A
  • skin
  • neurovascular
  • muscular
  • loose connective tissue
  • periosteum
4
Q

What is contained in the skin layer?

A
  • hair follicles
  • sebaceous glands
  • sweat glands
5
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

6
Q

What branches of the external carotid artery ramify in the scalp?

A
  • occipital
  • posterior auricular
  • superficial temporal
7
Q

What specific branches from the internal carotid artery branch pattern supply the scalp?

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic artery

8
Q

What veins drain the scalp?

A
  • superficial temporal
  • posterior auricular
  • occipital
  • ophthalmic
9
Q

What will the superficial temporal vein drain into or become?

A

retromandibular vein

10
Q

What will the posterior auricular vein drain into or become?

A

external jugular vein

11
Q

What will the occipital vein drain into or become?

A

vertebral vein

12
Q

What will the ophthalmic vein drain into or become?

A

cavernous dural venous sinus

13
Q

What do somatic afferent pathways monitor?

A
  • pain
  • temperature
  • light touch
  • proprioception
14
Q

Branches of nerves from what parts of the CNS innervate the scalp?

A

both cranial and spinal nerves

15
Q

What name is given to the trigeminal nerve?

A

the great sensory nerve of the face

16
Q

Identify each branch of the fifth cranial nerve.

A
  • ophthalmic
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
17
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

all 3

18
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve contain somatic afferent pathways?

A

all 3

19
Q

What part of the scalp is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

scalp above the orbit

20
Q

What part of the scalp is innervated by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

scalp above the zygomatic arch

21
Q

What part of the scalp is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

scalp above and behind the ear

22
Q

Which trigeminal nerve division branches receive sensory informaton from the scalp?

A
  • ophthalmic nerve - frontal nerve: supraorbital and supratrochlear branches
  • maxillary nerve - zygomatic nerve
  • mandibular nerve - auriculotemporal nerve
23
Q

Which ophthalmic division, trigeminal nerve branches innervate the scalp?

A
  • supraorbital n.

- supratrochlear n.

24
Q

Which maxillary division, trigeminal nerve branch innervates the scalp?

A

zygomatic n.

25
Q

Which mandibular division, trigeminal nerve branch innervates the scalp?

A

auriculotemporal n.

26
Q

Which ventral rami branches supply the scalp?

A
  • greater auricular n., C2, C3 ventral rami

- lesser occipital n., C2 (C3) ventral rami

27
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch supplies the scalp?

A

greater occipital n., C2, C3 communicating ramus

28
Q

What spinal cord levels innervate the scalp?

A

C2 and C3

29
Q

Motor pathways to skeletal muscle derived from the branchial arches are given what name?

A

Branchial Efferent (BE) pathways

30
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

A

branchial efferent (BE)

31
Q

Within the parotid gland what does the facial nerve form?

A

the facial nerve plexus

32
Q

What specific branches of the facial nerve plexus provide motor innervation to the scalp?

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • posterior auricular
33
Q

What muscles associated with the scalp will be innervated by the temporal, zygomatic, and posterior auricular nerves?

A
  • epicranius

- superior group of muscles of the ear

34
Q

What are the lymph nodes located along the base of the head collectively called?

A

collar chain nodes

35
Q

What specific lymph nodes at the base of the head are identified in scalp drainage patterns?

A
  • submental
  • submandibular
  • parotid
  • retromandibular (mastoid)
  • occipital
36
Q

What appears to be unique about the fat associated with the scalp?

A
  • very stable volume

- does not appear to store fat or allow depletion of fat

37
Q

What would the fat of the scalp primarily do?

A

serves as an insulation blanket

38
Q

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

A

muscular component of the scalp

39
Q

What muscles are specifically associated with the scalp?

A

frontalis and occipitalis bellies of the epicranius muscle

40
Q

What nerve innervates each belly of the epicranius muscle?

A
  • frontalis belly: temporal nerve

- occipitalis belly: posterior auricular nerve

41
Q

The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?

A

galea aponeurosis

42
Q

What specific nerves provide motor control to the scalp muscle?

A

facial nerve: posterior auricular and temporal branches

43
Q

What is the fourth layer of the scalp?

A

loose connective tissue layer

44
Q

What is the fifth layer of the scalp?

A

pericranium

45
Q

What is the pericranium?

A

periosteum covering the calva

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