schizophrenia - p3 Flashcards
(11 cards)
reliability and validity in diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia
sympton overlap - 2+ conditions share symp e.g schz +depress = avoliation - questions vald and reli of class and diag - misdiag - not approp treat - weakens vald and relia - eng affect accur and consis
co morbidity - two illness same time - buckley = 50% schiz also have depress and 23& ocd - questions valid and relia of class and diag - two conditions seen as one and misdiagnose
gender bias - men diag more schiz than women - men more gene vuln? or female function better than men e.g more liekly to work and good fam relationships (cotten) - question valid and relia of class and diag as women who share same symp as men may not recieve same diag and symp seem mild
biological explanantion of schizophrenia - genetic theory
rts - tierney - 155 adaopted - bio mum schiz = concordance rate of 10% to 1% of adopted w no schiz parents - supports role of genetics and slt couldnt been factor as they adopted
biological explanantion of schizophrenia - neural correlates
rts - suddath - mri brain structure - mz twins where 1 schiz - found schiz twin had more enlarged ventricles
OVERALL - biological explanantion of schizophrenia
scientific methods
biological determinism
prac app - drug therapy
psychological explanations of schizophrenia - family dysfunction
rts - mednick - 207 high risk children - raised in dysfunctional fam - mum cold, reject, emo unrespon - 10 yrs later - 17 child diagnosed - 8% comapred to 1% in population
^prospective data (over period of time) - no confoudning variable of looking back one childhood and recall - inc int val
prac app - family therapy - alter relationship and communication patterns - reduce stress levels and expressed emotion and prevent relapse (leff) - imp part of app psych
psychological explanantion of schizophrenia - cognitive explanations
rts - stirling - 300 ppts and 17 non ppts - stroop test - schz took 2x long - couldnt supress automatic response - support friths theory of central control dysfunction
alt explanation - bio explanation or family dysfunction
prac app - cbt
treatments of schizophrenia - drug therapy
evidence to support effectiveness - thornley - meta analysis 13 studies 1121 ppts. typical chlorpromazine against placebo - reduced sympton severity - meltzer - clozapine atypical - more effective than typical - effective in 30-50% of treatment resis cases - effective for pos and neg symp
neg side effects - explain - unlike cbt - may not approp = reduce effectiveness
requires little motivation - explain - unlike cbt - more appropiate - more accessible
psychological treatment of schizophrenia - cbt
research - jauhar - reviewed 34 cbt studies - found sig but small effect of pos and neg - explain how its effective - but only small impact so reduce effectiveness
requires motivation and commitment
avoids chemical dependence
psychological treatment of schizophrenia - family therapy
rts - leff - comparre fam therapy and routine outpatient care - first 9 motnhs those in routine 50% relasped - onyl 8% for fam therapy
aetilogy - doewsnt get to root cause
emphasis on ‘openness’ - can cause fam issue or tensions - reluctant to talk/admit problems
token economy as management of schizophrenia
rts - dickerson - meta analysis 13 studies - useful in increasing adaptive bahv but sig increase when combined w drug therapy - effective magament technique
ethical issues - more privalges for patients w mild symp
aetiology - doesnt get to root cause
interactionist approach - in explaining and treating schizophrenia (diathessi-stress model)
rts - tienari - 19000 adopted finaldn - mum schiz - control group without genetic risk - child rearigns styles observed - those w fam dysfunc - more likely to develop but only those who also had geentic vulnerability
^individual differences - 2 ppl may have same vuln and stressor but one may not develop schizophrenia - dont have full understanding of schiz - more research required
individual differences
rts - tarrier - 315 ppts - random allocate treat - combo (cbt/drug) - lower symp level than just medication - adopting bot hbio and psych therapy symp treat more effectinly