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Grade 9 Second Semster > Science Biodiversity > Flashcards

Science Biodiversity Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Species

A

Living things of the same kind that are able to reproduce successfully

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2
Q

Biological diversity

A

The variety of species and ecosystems on earth and the ecological processes of which they are a part

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

Environment where living things interact with other living things and nonliving things

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4
Q

Biotic

A

Consisting of living organisms

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5
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving

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6
Q

Diversity/ variation

A

A range of different things

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7
Q

Organism

A

A living thing

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8
Q

The categories of the Linnaean classification system of living things; also known as the taxonomy of living things

A 
Kingdom
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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9
Q

Interdependence

A

Mutual need of each other

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10
Q

Symbiosis

A

The relationship between to different species

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11
Q

Commensalism

A

The relationship between species in which one species benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

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12
Q

Mutualism

A

the relationship between species in which both species benefit

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13
Q

Parasitic

A

the relationship between species in which one species benifit and one is harmed

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14
Q

Niche

A

the role an organism or species within an ecosystem

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15
Q

Interspecies Competition

A

two or more species needing the same limited resource

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16
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

division of a resource among 2 or more species living within the same ecosystem

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17
Q

Variability

A

variation within a species

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18
Q

Natural Selection

A

a process in which the environment “selects” which individuals will survive and reproduce

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19
Q

Heritable Characteristics

A

traits that are passed genetically from one generation to the next

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20
Q

Non-heritable Characteristics

A

traits that are not passed genetically but acquired

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21
Q

Discrete Variation

A

differences in a heritable trait that has an either or form

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22
Q

Continuous Variation

A

differences in a heritable trait that has many forms

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23
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

reproduction that takes place in one organism. Making the offspring identical

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24
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

reproduction involving the union of sex cells. Making the offspring different

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25
Binary Fission
a type of asexual reproduction in single celled organisms. Parent organism splits into 2 identical daughter cells
26
Budding
a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud
27
Spore Production
a type of asexual reproduction in which spores are produced and released.
28
Vegetative Reproduction
a type of asexual reproduction in plants that dows not involve the formation of a seed. Cutting, tuber, bulb.
29
Gametes
a sex cell
30
Sperm Cells
male sex cell
31
Egg Cells
female sex cell
32
Ova
female sex cell
33
Fertilization
the union of a female gamete and male gamete
34
Zygote
a fertilized egg
35
Cleavage
the first divisions of a zygote
36
Embryo
an undeveloped muticellular organism
37
Pollen
fine yellow powder on the anthers of flowers. Contains male gametes
38
Stamen
the male reproductive system of a plant
39
Anther
a part of the stamen of a male plant produces and stores pollen
40
Pistil
the female reproductive system of a plant
41
Stigma
the female reproductive part of a plant that receives pollen
42
Ovule
sac containing the female gametes in a plant
43
Ovary
female reproductive organ in which egg cells are produced in plants
44
Style
the structure that supports the stigma and connects if with the ovary
45
Pollination
the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma within plants
46
Cross-pollination
the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant ot the stigma of another by wind, water, or animals
47
Cross-fertilization
the joining of a gamete from a pollen grain and a gamete from te ovule to form a zygote
48
Genetics
the study of how hertitable traits are transmitted through generations
49
DNA
the genetic material found mainly in the nuclei of cells of living things
50
Genes
a segment of DNA, located at one particular place on a chromosome
51
Chromosomes
a structure in whish DNA is packages and along which genes are located
52
Double Helix
the arrangement of four chemicals on a DNA molecule.
53
Alleles
a variant form of a gene
54
Mitosis
a type of cell division that occurs in multi-cellular organisms, creates two identical daughter cells
55
Meisois
a type of cell division that occurs in multi-cellular organisms, that produce 4 gametes
56
Traits
a characteristic of an organism
57
Purebred
referring to a plant or animal that has ancestors all with the same form of triat
58
Homozygous
referring to a plant or animal that has ancestors all with the same form of triat
59
Hybrid
an organism that has 2 different alleles for a specific gene
60
Hetrozygous
an organism that has 2 different allesles for a specific gene
61
Genotype
the combination of genes/alleles in the chromosomes of an oraganism
62
Phenotype
the observable traits that we see exhibited because of the combination of genes/alleles
63
Dominant
the form of a trait that is exhibited in an organism when two opposing alleles are inherited
64
Recessive
the form of a trait that is exhibited in an oraganism only when the same two non-dominant alleles are inherited
65
Incomplete Dominance
a pattern of inheritance seen when two different alleles are present, but neither is more dominant over the other
66
Extinction
no longer in existence on the planet
67
Extirpation
no longer existence in a specific region
68
Overspecialization
a species is vulnerable to extinction because it is too adapted to its environment
69
Habitat Destruction
rapid changes to ecosystems
70
Introduction of Non Native Species
bringing a species that is not naturally present in an ecosystem into that ecosystme where it now competes with native species for resources
71
Overhunting/ Overfishing
"removal" of a population of a species from an ecosystem by killing that species for sport
72
Biotechnology
the use of living things to make agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products
73
Artificial Selection
specific breeding of plants and animals, by humans, to produce offspring with desirable traits
74
Clone
a genetically identical copy of an entire orgaism or of its cells or genes
75
Artificial Insemination
artificialcollection and injection of sperm from a male into a female
76
In Vitro Fertilization
a reproductive tech in which a sperm and egg are united in a lab setting
77
Genetic Engineering
the intentional altering of the DNA of an organism or a population of organism
78
Insitu Conservation
the maintenance of wild organisms within their functioning ecosystem
79
Exsitu Conservation
the maintenance of organisms outside of their ecosystem or natural habitats
80
Population
number of organisms of the same species
81
Community
all organisms in a specific area

Grade 9 Second Semster (5 decks)

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