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Grade 9 Second Semster > Science Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Science Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Environment

A

the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

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2
Q

Elements

A

pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances

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3
Q

Pollution

A

any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things

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4
Q

Issues

A

any subject of importance about which people have strong, conflicting points of view

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5
Q

Fertilizers

A

substance that enriches soil so that plants will grow better

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6
Q

The forms of nitrogen and phosphorus found in fertilizers that can cause excess plant and algae growth in aquatic environmants

A

Nitrate

Phosphate

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7
Q

Pest

A

organism that harms people, plants, or structures

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8
Q

Pesticide

A

Chemical used to kill pests

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9
Q

Insecticide

A

Chemical used to kill insects

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10
Q

Herbicides

A

Chemical used to kill plants

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11
Q

Fungicides

A

Chemical used to kill fungi

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12
Q

Landfill

A

an area where waste is buried under the ground

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13
Q

Sanatary Landfill

A

sites where waste is isolated from the environment until it is safe

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14
Q

Sewage

A

wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials from your household

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15
Q

Sewage Treatment Plant

A

building and grounds containing special equipment to treat water

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16
Q

Effluent

A

wastewater released from a factory or sewage treatment plant after it was been treated

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17
Q

Storm Sewer

A

large pipes that carry runoff water from yards and streets directly into a river

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18
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

fuel formed from dead plants and animals

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19
Q

Sour Gas

A

natural gas that contains hydrogen sulfide

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20
Q

Sweet Gas

A

natural gas that does not contain hydrogen sulfide

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21
Q

Viewpoint

A

a way of looking at or thinking about something

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22
Q

pH

A

measure of the percent of hydrogen ions in a solution

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23
Q

Acid

A

compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with pH less than 7

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24
Q

Base

A

compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with pH greater than 7

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25
Neutral
pH of 7
26
pH meter
a device used to measure the pH of a substance using a probe placed into the solution
27
Litmus Paper
a special paper used to determine whether a substance is an acid or a base Blue is base
28
Neutralization
reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt
29
Acid Rain
dangerous precipitation formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in the water droplets in clouds.
30
Organic
compounds whose molecules contain carbon (excluding CO2, CO, carbonates cyanides
31
Inorganic
compounds whose molecules do not contain carbon
32
Nutrients
elements and compounds that organisms need for living growing and reproducing
33
Macronutrients
nutrients that organisms need in relatively large amounts
34
Micronutrients
nutrients that organisms need in very small or trace amounts
35
Optimium Amount
amount of a substance that provides an organism with the best health
36
Carbonhydrates
organic molecules made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
37
Lipids
organic molecules made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Insoluble in water
38
Amino Acid
building blocks of protein
39
Proteins
organic compound made up of units called amino acids
40
Enzymes
catalyst involved in chemical reactions in living things
41
Nucleic Acid
largest and most complicated molecules found in all the cells of living things
42
Diffusion
process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower consentration
43
Osmosis
diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane
44
Active Transport
process in which plant cells use energy to move nutrient molecules through diffusion
45
Ingestion
process by which we take food into our bodies
46
Mechanical Digestion
type of digestion including the process of chewing
47
Chemical Digestion
reaction of a substance with water where the substance is broken down
48
Hydrolyzed
broken down by water
49
Substrate
surface on which an organism lives or moves
50
Quality
how suitable water is for various applications based on its non-water content
51
Indicator Organisms
living organisims in water that help determine water quality
52
Invertebrates
animals without backbones
53
Part per Millon (ppm)
the number of parts of a dissolved substance in one million parts of total solution
54
Dissolved O2
a measure of how much oxygen gas is dissolved in a water source, measured in ppm
55
Spring Acid Shock
a sudden increase in the level of acidity in a | water system in spring, due to acid meltwater
56
Toxicity
how poisonous a substance is
57
LD50
the amount of a substance that causes 50% of a group of test animals to die
58
Heavy Metals
metals with a density of 5g/cm3 or more
59
Major air pollutants that cause smog and acid rain
Sulfur Dioxide | Nitrogen Oxides
60
Scrubbers
a device used by industrial and electrical generating plants to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions
61
Carbon Monoxide
an odourless and colourless gas
62
Greenhouse Gases
atmosphere gases that trap heat from the Sun
63
Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
the effect caused by even more heat than normal being trapped excess greenhouse gases put into our atmosphere
64
Global Warming
worldwide temperture increase
65
Ozone Layer
layer of O3 high up in the Earth's atmosphere
66
Chlorofluorocarbons
or CFCs; chemicals traditionally used as propellents
67
Dispersion
scattering of a substance away from its source
68
Water Table
the top of the groundwater zone
69
Permeable
description of a substance that contains connected pores that fluids can flow through
70
Impermeable
the opposite of permable in the part about flowing through
71
Leachate
liquid that dissolves and carries substances
72
Dilution
mixing of a substance with air or water causing the reduction of the concentration of that substance
73
Biodegradation
breakdown of materials by organisms
74
Aerobic
relating to oxygen
75
Anaerobic
relating to no oxygen
76
Phytoremediation
clean up of the environment through the use of plants
77
Photolysis
breakdown of compounds by sunlight
78
Biomagnification
increase in the concentration of a chemical as it moves up the food chain
79
MSDS
detailed info sheet that alerts people of the dangers of chemicals

Grade 9 Second Semster (5 decks)

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